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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Income Taxes. |
Income Before Income Taxes | Income Before Income Taxes
(Millions) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
United States |  | $ | 4,149 |  | $ | 4,366 |  | $ | 4,399 |
International |  |  | 3,399 |  |  | 2,687 |  |  | 2,424 |
Total |  | $ | 7,548 |  | $ | 7,053 |  | $ | 6,823 |
Provision for Income Taxes | Provision for Income Taxes
(Millions) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Currently payable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 1,022 |  | $ | 1,192 |  | $ | 1,338 |
State |  |  | 59 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 101 |
International |  |  | 722 |  |  | 733 |  |  | 566 |
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) non-current transition tax provision |  |  | 623 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | 162 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (55) |
State |  |  | 15 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 6 |
International |  |  | 76 |  |  | (11) |  |  | 26 |
Total |  | $ | 2,679 |  | $ | 1,995 |  | $ | 1,982 |
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
(Millions) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accruals not currently deductible |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee benefit costs |  | $ | 178 |  | $ | 195 |
Product and other claims |  |  | 204 |  |  | 326 |
Miscellaneous accruals |  |  | 98 |  |  | 92 |
Pension costs |  |  | 760 |  |  | 1,217 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 210 |  |  | 302 |
Net operating/capital loss carryforwards |  |  | 89 |  |  | 93 |
Foreign tax credits |  |  | 32 |  |  | 22 |
Currency translation |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |
Inventory |  |  | 51 |  |  | 53 |
Gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 1,681 |  |  | 2,300 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (81) |  |  | (47) |
Total deferred tax assets |  | $ | 1,600 |  | $ | 2,253 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product and other insurance receivables |  | $ | (6) |  | $ | (27) |
Accelerated depreciation |  |  | (447) |  |  | (730) |
Intangible amortization |  |  | (784) |  |  | (903) |
Currency translation |  |  | — |  |  | (276) |
Other |  |  | (87) |  |  | (40) |
Total deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | (1,324) |  | $ | (1,976) |
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | 276 |  | $ | 277 |
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate | Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Statutory U.S. tax rate |  | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | %
State income taxes - net of federal benefit |  | 0.8 |  | 0.9 |  | 1.1 |
International income taxes - net |  | (6.3) |  | (2.7) |  | (3.9) |
U.S. TCJA - net impacts |  | 10.1 |  | — |  | — |
U.S. research and development credit |  | (0.7) |  | (0.5) |  | (0.5) |
Reserves for tax contingencies |  | 2.2 |  | 0.2 |  | (1.0) |
Domestic Manufacturer’s deduction |  | (1.8) |  | (1.8) |  | (1.8) |
Employee share-based payments |  | (3.2) |  | (2.8) |  | (0.1) |
All other - net |  | (0.6) |  | — |  | 0.3 |
Effective worldwide tax rate |  | 35.5 | % | 28.3 | % | 29.1 | %
Reconciliation of Federal, State and Foreign Tax Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits | Federal, State and Foreign Tax
(Millions) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Gross UTB Balance at January 1 |  | $ | 319 |  | $ | 381 |  | $ | 583 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |  |  | 119 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 77 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years |  |  | 149 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 140 |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years |  |  | (38) |  |  | (66) |  |  | (399) |
Settlements |  |  | (3) |  |  | (95) |  |  | (4) |
Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations |  |  | (16) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (16) |
Gross UTB Balance at December 31 |  | $ | 530 |  | $ | 319 |  | $ | 381 |
Net UTB impacting the effective tax rate at December 31 |  | $ | 526 |  | $ | 333 |  | $ | 369 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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