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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets |
Goodwill |
|  | Dec. 31, |  | 2016 |  | 2016 |  | Dec. 31, |  | 2017 |  | 2017 |  | 2017 |  | Dec. 31, |
|  | 2015 |  | acquisition |  | translation |  | 2016 |  | acquisition |  | divestiture |  | translation |  | 2017 |
(Millions) |  | Balance |  | activity |  | and other |  | Balance |  | activity |  | activity |  | and other |  | Balance |
Industrial |  | $ | 2,573 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (37) |  | $ | 2,536 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 142 |  | $ | 2,678 |
Safety and Graphics |  |  | 3,342 |  |  | 41 |  |  | (59) |  |  | 3,324 |  |  | 1,296 |  |  | (323) |  |  | 122 |  |  | 4,419 |
Health Care |  |  | 1,624 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (27) |  |  | 1,609 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | 1,682 |
Electronics and Energy |  |  | 1,510 |  |  | — |  |  | (21) |  |  | 1,489 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | 1,524 |
Consumer |  |  | 200 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 208 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 210 |
Total Company |  | $ | 9,249 |  | $ | 53 |  | $ | (136) |  | $ | 9,166 |  | $ | 1,302 |  | $ | (323) |  | $ | 368 |  | $ | 10,513 |
Acquired Intangible Assets |
|  | December 31, |  | December 31, |
(Millions) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Customer related intangible assets |  | $ | 2,332 |  | $ | 1,939 |
Patents |  |  | 561 |  |  | 602 |
Other technology-based intangible assets |  |  | 583 |  |  | 524 |
Definite-lived tradenames |  |  | 678 |  |  | 420 |
Other amortizable intangible assets |  |  | 207 |  |  | 211 |
Total gross carrying amount |  | $ | 4,361 |  | $ | 3,696 |
Accumulated amortization — customer related |  |  | (874) |  |  | (797) |
Accumulated amortization — patents |  |  | (489) |  |  | (497) |
Accumulated amortization — other technology based |  |  | (292) |  |  | (302) |
Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames |  |  | (256) |  |  | (236) |
Accumulated amortization — other |  |  | (162) |  |  | (173) |
Total accumulated amortization |  | $ | (2,073) |  | $ | (2,005) |
Total finite-lived intangible assets — net |  | $ | 2,288 |  | $ | 1,691 |
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames) |  |  | 648 |  |  | 629 |
Total intangible assets — net |  | $ | 2,936 |  | $ | 2,320 |
Schedule of amortization expense for acquired intangible assets | Amortization expense for the years ended December 31 follows:
(Millions) |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |
Amortization expense |  | $ | 238 |  | $ | 262 |  | $ | 229 |
Schedule of expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets | Expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of December 31, 2017 follows:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | After |
(Millions) |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2022 |
Amortization expense |  | $ | 252 |  | $ | 242 |  | $ | 231 |  | $ | 221 |  | $ | 208 |  | $ | 1,134 |

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