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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets |
Goodwill |
(Millions) |  | Industrial |  | Safety and Graphics |  | Health Care |  | Electronics and Energy |  | Consumer |  | Total Company |
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  |  | 2,614 |  |  | 4,325 |  |  | 1,654 |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 10,051 |
Acquisition activity |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 580 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 580 |
Translation and other |  |  | (28) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (7) |  |  | 30 |  |  | (20) |
Balance as of March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 2,586 |  | $ | 4,321 |  | $ | 2,223 |  | $ | 1,243 |  | $ | 238 |  | $ | 10,611 |
Acquired Intangible Assets |
|  | March 31, |  | December 31, |
(Millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Customer related intangible assets |  | $ | 2,577 |  | $ | 2,291 |
Patents |  |  | 539 |  |  | 542 |
Other technology-based intangible assets |  |  | 738 |  |  | 576 |
Definite-lived tradenames |  |  | 674 |  |  | 664 |
Other amortizable intangible assets |  |  | 125 |  |  | 125 |
Total gross carrying amount |  | $ | 4,653 |  | $ | 4,198 |
Accumulated amortization — customer related |  |  | (1,034) |  |  | (998) |
Accumulated amortization — patents |  |  | (489) |  |  | (487) |
Accumulated amortization — other technology-based |  |  | (350) |  |  | (333) |
Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames |  |  | (284) |  |  | (276) |
Accumulated amortization — other |  |  | (88) |  |  | (88) |
Total accumulated amortization |  | $ | (2,245) |  | $ | (2,182) |
Total finite-lived intangible assets — net |  | $ | 2,408 |  | $ | 2,016 |
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames) |  |  | 639 |  |  | 641 |
Total intangible assets — net |  | $ | 3,047 |  | $ | 2,657 |
Schedule of amortization expense for acquired intangible assets | Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 follows:
|  | Three months ended |
|  | March 31, |
(Millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Amortization expense |  | $ | 69 |  | $ | 64 |
Schedule of expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets | Expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of March 31, 2019:
|  | Remainder of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | After |
(Millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2024 |
Amortization expense |  | $ | 215 |  | $ | 276 |  | $ | 267 |  | $ | 252 |  | $ | 222 |  | $ | 196 |  | $ | 980 |

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