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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2019
Goodwill | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Millions) | ​ | Safety and Industrial | ​ | Transportation and Electronics | ​ | Health Care | ​ | Consumer | ​ | Total Company | ​
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | ​ | ​ | 4,716 | ​ | ​ | 1,857 | ​ | ​ | 3,248 | ​ | ​ | 230 | ​ | ​ | 10,051 | ​
Acquisition activity | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 517 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 517 | ​
Translation and other | ​ | ​ | (9) | ​ | ​ | (8) | ​ | ​ | (11) | ​ | ​ | 34 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​
Balance as of June 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | 4,707 | ​ | $ | 1,849 | ​ | $ | 3,754 | ​ | $ | 264 | ​ | $ | 10,574 | ​
Acquired Intangible Assets | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | June 30, |  | December 31, |
(Millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Customer related intangible assets | ​ | $ | 2,565 | ​ | $ | 2,291 | ​
Patents | ​ |  | 540 | ​ |  | 542 | ​
Other technology-based intangible assets | ​ |  | 738 | ​ |  | 576 | ​
Definite-lived tradenames | ​ |  | 674 | ​ |  | 664 | ​
Other amortizable intangible assets | ​ |  | 125 | ​ |  | 125 | ​
Total gross carrying amount | ​ | $ | 4,642 | ​ | $ | 4,198 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accumulated amortization — customer related | ​ |  | (1,075) | ​ |  | (998) | ​
Accumulated amortization — patents | ​ |  | (494) | ​ |  | (487) | ​
Accumulated amortization — other technology-based | ​ |  | (368) | ​ |  | (333) | ​
Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames | ​ |  | (293) | ​ |  | (276) | ​
Accumulated amortization — other | ​ |  | (89) | ​ |  | (88) | ​
Total accumulated amortization | ​ | $ | (2,319) | ​ | $ | (2,182) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total finite-lived intangible assets — net | ​ | $ | 2,323 | ​ | $ | 2,016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames) | ​ |  | 641 | ​ |  | 641 | ​
Total intangible assets — net | ​ | $ | 2,964 | ​ | $ | 2,657 | ​
Schedule of amortization expense for acquired intangible assets | Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Three months ended |  | Six months ended | ​
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​
(Millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 | ​ | 2018 |
Amortization expense | ​ | $ | 70 | ​ | $ | 63 | ​ | $ | 139 | ​ | $ | 127 | ​
Schedule of expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets | Expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of June 30, 2019: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Remainder of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | After |
(Millions) | ​ | 2019 | ​ | 2020 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 |
Amortization expense | ​ | $ | 145 | ​ | $ | 276 | ​ | $ | 267 | ​ | $ | 253 | ​ | $ | 222 | ​ | $ | 191 | ​ | $ | 969 | ​

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