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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets |
Goodwill | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(Millions) | ​ | Safety and Industrial | ​ | Transportation and Electronics | ​ | Health Care | ​ | Consumer | ​ | Total Company | ​
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | ​ | ​ | 4,716 | ​ | ​ | 1,857 | ​ | ​ | 3,248 | ​ | ​ | 230 | ​ | ​ | 10,051 | ​
Acquisition activity | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 508 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 508 | ​
Divestiture activity | ​ | ​ | (49) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (49) | ​
Translation and other | ​ | ​ | (51) | ​ | ​ | (27) | ​ | ​ | (53) | ​ | ​ | 31 | ​ | ​ | (100) | ​
Balance as of September 30, 2019 | ​ | $ | 4,616 | ​ | $ | 1,830 | ​ | $ | 3,703 | ​ | $ | 261 | ​ | $ | 10,410 | ​
Acquired Intangible Assets | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | September 30, |  | December 31, |
(Millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Customer related intangible assets | ​ | $ | 2,525 | ​ | $ | 2,291 | ​
Patents | ​ |  | 536 | ​ |  | 542 | ​
Other technology-based intangible assets | ​ |  | 727 | ​ |  | 576 | ​
Definite-lived tradenames | ​ |  | 673 | ​ |  | 664 | ​
Other amortizable intangible assets | ​ |  | 122 | ​ |  | 125 | ​
Total gross carrying amount | ​ | $ | 4,583 | ​ | $ | 4,198 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accumulated amortization — customer related | ​ |  | (1,107) | ​ |  | (998) | ​
Accumulated amortization — patents | ​ |  | (493) | ​ |  | (487) | ​
Accumulated amortization — other technology-based | ​ |  | (382) | ​ |  | (333) | ​
Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames | ​ |  | (300) | ​ |  | (276) | ​
Accumulated amortization — other | ​ |  | (89) | ​ |  | (88) | ​
Total accumulated amortization | ​ | $ | (2,371) | ​ | $ | (2,182) | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total finite-lived intangible assets — net | ​ | $ | 2,212 | ​ | $ | 2,016 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames) | ​ |  | 635 | ​ |  | 641 | ​
Total intangible assets — net | ​ | $ | 2,847 | ​ | $ | 2,657 | ​
Schedule of amortization expense for acquired intangible assets | Amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Three months ended |  | Nine months ended | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30, | ​
(Millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 | ​ | 2018 |
Amortization expense | ​ | $ | 69 | ​ | $ | 61 | ​ | $ | 208 | ​ | $ | 188 | ​
Schedule of expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets | Expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of September 30, 2019: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Remainder of | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | After |
(Millions) | ​ | 2019 | ​ | 2020 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2024 |
Amortization expense | ​ | $ | 69 | ​ | $ | 264 | ​ | $ | 256 | ​ | $ | 242 | ​ | $ | 213 | ​ | $ | 183 | ​ | $ | 950 | ​

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