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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets There was no goodwill recorded from acquisitions during the first nine months of 2021. The amounts in the “Translation and other” row in the following table primarily relate to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The goodwill balance by business segment as of December 31, 2020 and September 30, 2021, follow: Goodwill
(Millions) |  | Safety and Industrial |  | Transportation and Electronics |  | Health Care |  | Consumer |  | Total Company
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 4,687 |  | $ | 1,858 |  | $ | 6,992 |  | $ | 265 |  | $ | 13,802
Translation and other |  | (43) |  |  | (21) |  |  | (133) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (205) |
Balance as of September 30, 2021 |  | $ | 4,644 |  | $ | 1,837 |  | $ | 6,859 |  | $ | 257 |  | $ | 13,597
Accounting standards require that goodwill be tested for impairment annually and between annual tests in certain circumstances such as a change in reporting units or the testing of recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit. At 3M, reporting units correspond to a division. As described in Note 16, effective in the first quarter of 2021, the Company changed its business segment reporting. For any product changes that resulted in reporting unit changes, the Company applied the relative fair value method to determine the impact on goodwill of the associated reporting units, the results of which were immaterial. Acquired Intangible Assets The carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired finite-lived intangible assets, in addition to the balance of non-amortizable intangible assets, as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, follow:
(Millions) |  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Customer related intangible assets |  | $ | 4,229 |  |  | $ | 4,280 |
Patents |  | 516 |  |  | 537 |
Other technology-based intangible assets |  | 2,112 |  |  | 2,114 |
Definite-lived tradenames |  | 1,172 |  |  | 1,178 |
Other amortizable intangible assets |  | 104 |  |  | 104 |
Total gross carrying amount |  | 8,133 |  |  | 8,213 |
Accumulated amortization — customer related |  | (1,563) |  |  | (1,422) |
Accumulated amortization — patents |  | (500) |  |  | (512) |
Accumulated amortization — other technology-based |  | (789) |  |  | (638) |
Accumulated amortization — definite-lived tradenames |  | (431) |  |  | (385) |
Accumulated amortization — other |  | (79) |  |  | (79) |
Total accumulated amortization |  | (3,362) |  |  | (3,036) |
Total finite-lived intangible assets — net |  | 4,771 |  |  | 5,177 |
Non-amortizable intangible assets (primarily tradenames) |  | 655 |  |  | 658 |
Total intangible assets — net |  | $ | 5,426 |  |  | $ | 5,835 |
Certain tradenames acquired by 3M are not amortized because they have been in existence for over 60 years, have a history of leading-market share positions, have been and are intended to be continuously renewed, and the associated products of which are expected to generate cash flows for 3M for an indefinite period of time. As discussed in Note 13, 3M reflected an immaterial charge related to impairment of certain indefinite-lived assets in the first quarter of 2020. Amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 follows:
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(Millions) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Amortization expense |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 398 |  |  | $ | 405 |
Expected amortization expense for acquired amortizable intangible assets recorded as of September 30, 2021:
(Millions) |  | Remainder of 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | After 2026
Amortization expense |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 514 |  |  | $ | 486 |  |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | 428 |  |  | $ | 420 |  |  | $ | 2,334 |
The preceding expected amortization expense is an estimate. Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to additional intangible asset acquisitions, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, impairment of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets and other events. 3M expenses the costs incurred to renew or extend the term of intangible assets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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