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Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets | The following tables include a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets as well as a summary of the related amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31 of the respective years. 3M also has certain non-qualified unfunded pension and postretirement benefit plans, inclusive of plans related to supplement/excess benefits for employees impacted by particular relocations and other matters, that individually and in the aggregate are not significant and which are not included in the tables that follow. The obligations for these plans are included within other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and aggregated to less than $40 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
|  | Qualified and Non-Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
|  | United States |  | International |
(Millions) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Change in benefit obligation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year |  | $ | 19,376 |  |  | $ | 17,935 |  |  | $ | 8,770 |  |  | $ | 7,931 |  |  | $ | 2,397 |  |  | $ | 2,242 |
Acquisitions/Transfers |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Service cost |  | 286 |  |  | 261 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 43 |
Interest cost |  | 360 |  |  | 499 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 62 |
Participant contributions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange rate changes |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (325) |  |  | 427 |  |  | (4) |  |  | (14) |
Plan amendments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Actuarial (gain) loss |  | (588) |  |  | 1,785 |  |  | (433) |  |  | 464 |  |  | (89) |  |  | 176 |
Benefit payments |  | (1,330) |  |  | (1,104) |  |  | (298) |  |  | (274) |  |  | (113) |  |  | (107) |
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (45) |  |  | (57) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (5) |
Benefit obligation at end of year |  | $ | 18,104 |  |  | $ | 19,376 |  |  | $ | 7,942 |  |  | $ | 8,770 |  |  | $ | 2,281 |  |  | $ | 2,397 |
Change in plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year |  | 17,127 |  |  | 16,099 |  |  | 8,194 |  |  | 6,923 |  |  | 1,376 |  |  | 1,338 |
Acquisitions/Transfers |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Actual return on plan assets |  | 1,079 |  |  | 2,071 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 1,102 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 147 |
Company contributions |  | 77 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Participant contributions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange rate changes |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (265) |  |  | 376 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefit payments |  | (1,330) |  |  | (1,104) |  |  | (298) |  |  | (274) |  |  | (113) |  |  | (107) |
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (46) |  |  | (34) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (5) |
Fair value of plan assets at end of year |  | $ | 16,953 |  |  | $ | 17,127 |  |  | $ | 8,016 |  |  | $ | 8,194 |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 1,376 |
Funded status at end of year |  | $ | (1,151) |  |  | $ | (2,249) |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | (576) |  |  | $ | (928) |  |  | $ | (1,021) |
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, (Millions) |  | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
| United States |  | International |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Non-current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 943 |  |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued benefit cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  | (59) |  |  | (52) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (4) |
Non-current liabilities |  | (1,092) |  |  | (2,197) |  |  | (855) |  |  | (1,191) |  |  | (923) |  |  | (1,017) |
Ending balance |  | $ | (1,151) |  |  | $ | (2,249) |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | (576) |  |  | $ | (928) |  |  | $ | (1,021) |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31, (Millions) |  | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
| United States |  | International |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net transition obligation (asset) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net actuarial loss (gain) |  | 4,991 |  |  | 6,157 |  |  | 960 |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 702 |
Prior service cost (credit) |  | (80) |  |  | (104) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (197) |  |  | (230) |
Ending balance |  | $ | 4,911 |  |  | $ | 6,053 |  |  | $ | 969 |  |  | $ | 1,577 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  | $ | 472 |
Amounts relating to pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets | The following table summarizes the total accumulated benefit obligations, the accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, and the projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans with projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31:
|  | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Plans
|  | United States |  | International
(Millions) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Accumulated benefit obligation |  | $ | 17,305 |  |  | $ | 18,441 |  |  | $ | 7,484 |  |  | $ | 8,181 |
Plans with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated benefit obligation |  | $ | 514 |  |  | $ | 18,441 |  |  | $ | 2,843 |  |  | $ | 3,119 |
Fair value of plan assets |  | — |  |  | 17,127 |  |  | 2,194 |  |  | 2,199 |
Plans with projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Projected benefit obligation |  | $ | 18,104 |  |  | $ | 19,376 |  |  | $ | 3,204 |  |  | $ | 3,528 |
Fair value of plan assets |  | 16,953 |  |  | 17,127 |  |  | 2,335 |  |  | 2,322 |
Components of net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | Components of net periodic benefit cost and other supplemental information for the years ended December 31 follow:
|  | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
|  | United States |  | International |
(Millions) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 261 |  |  | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 43 |
Non-operating expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost |  | 360 |  |  | 499 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 82 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (1,055) |  |  | (1,046) |  |  | (1,024) |  |  | (326) |  |  | (306) |  |  | (295) |  |  | (78) |  |  | (80) |  |  | (78) |
Amortization of transition asset |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of prior service benefit |  | (24) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (33) |  |  | (33) |  |  | (33) |
Amortization of net actuarial loss |  | 529 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 37 |
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other |  | 24 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |
Total non-operating expense (benefit) |  | (166) |  |  | (64) |  |  | 40 |  |  | (122) |  |  | (70) |  |  | (52) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 13 |
Total net periodic benefit cost (benefit) |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 56 |
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of transition asset |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Prior service cost (benefit) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (171) |
Amortization of prior service benefit |  | 24 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |
Net actuarial (gain) loss |  | (614) |  |  | 760 |  |  | 910 |  |  | (434) |  |  | (358) |  |  | 340 |  |  | (104) |  |  | 108 |  |  | 117 |
Amortization of net actuarial loss |  | (529) |  |  | (491) |  |  | (398) |  |  | (104) |  |  | (121) |  |  | (89) |  |  | (56) |  |  | (47) |  |  | (37) |
Foreign currency |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (71) |  |  | 79 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (1) |
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other |  | (23) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (35) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (5) |
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss |  | $ | (1,142) |  |  | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | (608) |  |  | $ | (398) |  |  | $ | 265 |  |  | $ | (131) |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | (64) |
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (benefit) and other comprehensive (income) loss |  | $ | (1,022) |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 792 |  |  | $ | (566) |  |  | $ | (316) |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | (87) |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (8) |
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations and net cost | Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31
|  | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
|  | United States |  | International |
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Discount rate |  | 2.89 | % |  | 2.55 | % |  | 3.25 | % |  | 1.80 | % |  | 1.38 | % |  | 1.81 | % |  | 2.88 | % |  | 2.50 | % |  | 3.27 | %
Compensation rate increase |  | 3.21 | % |  | 3.21 | % |  | 3.21 | % |  | 2.86 | % |  | 2.88 | % |  | 2.88 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost for years ended December 31
|  | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
|  | United States |  | International |
|  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Discount rate - service cost |  | 2.81 | % |  | 3.41 | % |  | 4.44 | % |  | 1.23 | % |  | 1.61 | % |  | 2.39 | % |  | 3.21 | % |  | 3.45 | % |  | 4.53 | %
Discount rate - interest cost |  | 1.92 | % |  | 2.87 | % |  | 4.02 | % |  | 1.13 | % |  | 1.61 | % |  | 2.26 | % |  | 2.20 | % |  | 3.00 | % |  | 4.15 | %
Expected return on assets |  | 6.50 | % |  | 6.75 | % |  | 7.00 | % |  | 4.36 | % |  | 4.70 | % |  | 4.90 | % |  | 6.15 | % |  | 6.32 | % |  | 6.43 | %
Compensation rate increase |  | 3.21 | % |  | 3.21 | % |  | 4.10 | % |  | 2.88 | % |  | 2.88 | % |  | 2.89 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Estimated future pension and postretirement benefit payments | The following table provides the estimated pension and postretirement benefit payments that are payable from the plans to participants.
|  | Qualified and Non-qualified Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
(Millions) |  | United States |  | International |
2022 Benefit Payments |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 131 |
2023 Benefit Payments |  | 1,123 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 137 |
2024 Benefit Payments |  | 1,122 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 144 |
2025 Benefit Payments |  | 1,119 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 149 |
2026 Benefit Payments |  | 1,118 |  |  | 320 |  |  | 155 |
Next five years |  | 5,461 |  |  | 1,724 |  |  | 796 |
Fair values of the assets held by the plans by asset category | The fair values of the assets held by the U.S. pension plans by asset class are as follows:
|  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as |  | Fair Value at December 31,
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Asset Class (Millions) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Equities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. equities |  | $ | 1,875 |  |  | $ | 2,082 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,875 |  |  | $ | 2,082 |
Non-U.S. equities |  | 1,465 |  |  | 2,041 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,465 |  |  | 2,041 |
Index and long/short equity funds* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 404 |  |  | 433 |
Total Equities |  | 3,340 |  |  | 4,123 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,744 |  |  | 4,556 |
Fixed Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government securities |  | 1,417 |  |  | 1,301 |  |  | 716 |  |  | 978 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,133 |  |  | 2,279 |
Non-U.S. government securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 89 |  |  | 71 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 89 |  |  | 71 |
Preferred and convertible securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |  |  | 55 |
U.S. corporate bonds |  | 11 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 4,620 |  |  | 4,501 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,631 |  |  | 4,511 |
Non-U.S. corporate bonds |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 883 |  |  | 820 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 883 |  |  | 820 |
Derivative instruments |  | 11 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 3 |
Other* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 132 |  |  | 71 |
Total Fixed Income |  | 1,439 |  |  | 1,307 |  |  | 6,368 |  |  | 6,432 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,939 |  |  | 7,810 |
Private Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Growth equity |  | 58 |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | 70 |
Partnership investments* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,003 |  |  | 1,801 |
Total Private Equity |  | 58 |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,061 |  |  | 1,871 |
Absolute Return |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income and other |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 166 |  |  | 134 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 167 |  |  | 134 |
Hedge fund/fund of funds* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,943 |  |  | 2,046 |
Partnership investments* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 617 |  |  | 567 |
Total Absolute Return |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 166 |  |  | 134 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,727 |  |  | 2,747 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 11 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 37 |
Repurchase agreements and derivative margin activity |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |
Cash and cash equivalents, valued at net asset value* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 678 |  |  | 475 |
Total Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | 11 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 698 |  |  | 506 |
Total |  | $ | 4,849 |  |  | $ | 5,525 |  |  | $ | 6,543 |  |  | $ | 6,572 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,169 |  |  | $ | 17,490 |
Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (216) |  |  | (363) |
Fair value of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 16,953 |  |  | $ | 17,127 |
* In accordance with ASC 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value (NAV) per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus its liabilities then divided by the number of units outstanding and is determined by the investment manager or custodian of the fund. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the fair value of plan assets. The fair values of the assets held by the postretirement benefit plans by asset class are as follows:
|  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as |  | Fair Value at December 31,
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Asset Class (Millions) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Equities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. equities |  | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 347 |
Non-U.S. equities |  | 80 |  |  | 103 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |  |  | 103 |
Index and long/short equity funds* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28 |  |  | 31 |
Total Equities |  | 372 |  |  | 450 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 400 |  |  | 481 |
Fixed Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government securities |  | 109 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 289 |  |  | 309 |
Non-U.S. government securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |
U.S. corporate bonds |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 267 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 292 |  |  | 268 |
Non-U.S. corporate bonds |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | 52 |
Derivative instruments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 3 |
Total Fixed Income |  | 110 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 537 |  |  | 539 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 654 |  |  | 638 |
Private Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Growth equity |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Partnership investments* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 107 |  |  | 95 |
Total Private Equity |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |  |  | 98 |
Absolute Return |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income and other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7 |
Hedge fund/fund of funds* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 102 |  |  | 100 |
Partnership investments* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32 |  |  | 28 |
Total Absolute Return |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 143 |  |  | 135 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 20 |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 26 |
Cash and cash equivalents, valued at net asset value* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 36 |  |  | 23 |
Total Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | 20 |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | 49 |
Total |  | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 574 |  |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 547 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,363 |  |  | $ | 1,401 |
Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10) |  |  | (25) |
Fair value of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 1,376 |
*In accordance with ASC 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus its liabilities then divided by the number of units outstanding and is determined by the investment manager or custodian of the fund. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the fair value of plan assets. The fair values of the assets held by the international pension plans by asset class are as follows:
|  | Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as |  | Fair Value at December 31,
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Asset Class (Millions) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Equities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Growth equities |  | $ | 315 |  |  | $ | 547 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 756 |
Value equities |  | 328 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 396 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 343 |  |  | 1,055 |
Core equities |  | 107 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 547 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 149 |
Equities, valued at net asset value* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 74 |
Total Equities |  | 750 |  |  | 1,252 |  |  | 743 |  |  | 704 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | 2,034 |
Fixed Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic government |  | 73 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 1,039 |  |  | 1,045 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,116 |  |  | 1,121 |
Foreign government |  | 22 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 458 |  |  | 476 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 480 |  |  | 509 |
Corporate debt securities |  | 32 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 2,389 |  |  | 2,470 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2,431 |  |  | 2,515 |
Fixed income securities, valued at net asset value* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 893 |  |  | 563 |
Total Fixed Income |  | 127 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 3,886 |  |  | 3,991 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 4,920 |  |  | 4,708 |
Private Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate |  | 2 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 219 |
Real estate, valued at net asset value* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 163 |  |  | 92 |
Partnership investments* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 226 |  |  | 116 |
Total Private Equity |  | 2 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 427 |
Absolute Return |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |
Insurance |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 504 |  |  | 555 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 555 |
Other |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 14 |
Other, valued at net asset value* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Hedge funds* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 535 |  |  | 410 |
Total Absolute Return |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 561 |  |  | 1,072 |  |  | 981 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 145 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 191 |  |  | 200 |
Cash and cash equivalents, valued at net asset value* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Total Cash and Cash Equivalents |  | 145 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 192 |  |  | 201 |
Total |  | $ | 1,031 |  |  | $ | 1,675 |  |  | $ | 4,753 |  |  | $ | 4,833 |  |  | $ | 534 |  |  | $ | 586 |  |  | $ | 8,138 |  |  | $ | 8,351 |
Other items to reconcile to fair value of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (122) |  |  | (157) |
Fair value of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,016 |  |  | $ | 8,194 |
*In accordance with ASC 820-10, certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus its liabilities then divided by the number of units outstanding and is determined by the investment manager or custodian of the fund. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the fair value of plan assets.

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