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Business Segments and Geographic Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Business Segments and Geographic Information
NOTE 22. Business Segments and Geographic Information
3M’s businesses are organized, managed and internally grouped into segments based on differences in markets, products, technologies and services. 3M manages its continuing operations in three business segments: Safety and Industrial; Transportation and Electronics; and Consumer. 3M’s three business segments bring together common or related 3M technologies, enhancing the development of innovative products and services and providing for efficient sharing of business resources. On April 1, 2024, 3M completed the previously announced separation of its Health Care business as a separate public company, Solventum (see Note 2 for additional information). 3M is an integrated enterprise characterized by substantial intersegment cooperation, cost allocations and inventory transfers. Therefore, management does not represent that these segments, if operated independently, would report the operating income information shown.
3M discloses business segment operating income (loss) as its measure of segment profit/loss, reconciled to both total 3M operating income (loss) and income before taxes. Business segment operating income (loss) excludes certain expenses and income that are not allocated to business segments (as described below in “Corporate and Unallocated and Other”). Business segment disclosures consider information used by/provided to 3M's chief operating decision maker (CODM). For 3M, the CODM is the chief executive officer. The CODM uses business segment operating income (loss) to allocate resources to segments in the planning and forecasting process along with periodic ongoing reviews of results and overall market activity.
3M made certain changes to the composition of segment information reviewed by 3M's CODM effective in the second quarter of 2024 largely as a result of the separation of Solventum and changes within its business segments effective in the first quarter of 2024. Accordingly, information provided herein reflects the impact of these changes for all applicable periods presented.
Effective in the second quarter of 2024, this change included the following:
Elimination of former Health Care business segment
•The former Health Care business segment was eliminated in the second quarter of 2024 in connection with the separation of Solventum and reflection of its historical net income and applicable assets and liabilities included in the Separation as discontinued operations within 3M's financial statements.
Addition of ‘Other’ and update to ‘Corporate and Unallocated’
•3M added the “Other” category of information as a result of the Separation. It principally reflects:
◦Transition arrangement agreements (e.g. fees charged by 3M, net of underlying costs) related to divested businesses, including those related to the Separation, as well as other applicable divestitures.
◦Operations of businesses of the former Health Care segment divested prior to the Separation and therefore not reflected as discontinued operations within 3M's financial statements, along with limited-duration supply agreements with those previous divestitures.
•Activity included in 3M’s existing “Corporate and Unallocated” was updated primarily to additionally reflect:
◦Removal of costs related to separating and divesting Solventum that were eligible to be part of discontinued operations.
◦Commercial activity with Solventum post-Separation and certain operations of the former Health Care business segment retained by 3M.
◦Costs previously allocated to Solventum prior to the Separation that were not eligible to be part of discontinued operations other than those beginning in the first quarter of 2024 included in “Other” associated with transition arrangement activity for which 3M began to charge fees in April 2024.
In addition, effective in the first quarter of 2024, 3M made certain changes within its business segments as described below. While they impacted the composition of certain divisions within business segments, they did not change the overall composition of segments or the measure of segment operating performance used by 3M’s CODM.
Creation of Industrial Specialties division (within Safety and Industrial business segment) and Commercial Branding and Transportation division (within Transportation and Electronics business segment)
•3M created the Industrial Specialties division within the Safety and Industrial business segment, which consists of the former Closure and Masking Systems division along with certain products formerly within the Industrial Adhesive and Tapes division and the Personal Safety division. Further, 3M created the Commercial Branding and Transportation division within the Transportation and Electronics business segment, which consists of the former Commercial Solutions division and the Transportation Safety division.
Re-alignment of divisions within Consumer business segment
•Within the Consumer business segment, the business re-aligned to the following four divisions: Consumer Safety and Well-Being, Home and Auto Care, Home Improvement, and Packaging and Expression.
Business Segment Products
Business SegmentRepresentative revenue-generating activities, products or services
Safety and Industrial
•Industrial abrasives and finishing for metalworking applications
•Autobody repair solutions
•Industrial specialty products such as personal hygiene products, masking, and packaging materials
•Electrical products and materials for construction and maintenance, power distribution and electrical original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)
•Structural adhesives and tapes
•Respiratory, hearing, eye and fall protection solutions
•Natural and color-coated mineral granules for shingles
Transportation and Electronics
•Advanced ceramic solutions
•Attachment/bonding, films, sound and temperature management for transportation vehicles
•Premium large format graphic films for advertising and fleet signage
•Reflective signage for highway, and vehicle safety
•Light management films and electronics assembly solutions
•Chip packaging and interconnection solutions
•Semiconductor production materials
•Solutions for data centers
Consumer
•Cleaning products for the home
•Consumer air quality products
•Picture hanging accessories
•Retail abrasives, paint accessories and safety products
•Stationery and office products
•Automotive appearance products
•Consumer bandages, tapes, braces and supports

Some seasonality impacts this business segment, for example back-to-school and holiday
Business Segment Information
Net Sales (Millions)
202420232022
Safety and Industrial$10,961 $10,956 $11,604 
Transportation and Electronics8,380 8,501 8,902 
Consumer4,931 5,026 5,292 
Total reportable business segment net sales24,272 24,483 25,798 
Corporate and Unallocated271 90 82 
Other
32 37 281 
Total Company$24,575 $24,610 $26,161 
Significant Segment Expenses and Operating Performance (Millions)
202420232022
Safety and Industrial
 Cost of sales$5,965 $6,137 $6,510 
 Selling, general and administrative expenses2,020 2,023 3,467 
 Research, development and related expenses 485 472 492 
Safety and Industrial operating income (loss)2,491 2,324 1,135 
Transportation and Electronics
 Cost of sales5,106 5,524 5,413 
 Selling, general, administrative and goodwill impairment expenses
1,236 1,207 2,042 
 Research, development and related expenses460 458 474 
Transportation and Electronics operating income (loss)1,578 1,312 973 
Consumer
 Cost of sales2,912 3,064 3,252 
 Selling, general and administrative expenses955 933 943 
 Research, development and related expenses 132 125 119 
Consumer operating income (loss)932 904 978 
Total reportable business segment operating income (loss)5,001 4,540 3,086 
Corporate and Unallocated
Corporate special items:
Net costs for significant litigation(45)(14,785)(877)
Divestiture costs (20)(13)(8)
Gain on business divestitures — 36 2,724 
Divestiture-related restructuring actions— — (41)
Russia exit (charges) benefits— 18 (101)
Total corporate special items(65)(14,744)1,697 
Other corporate (expense) income - net
(108)(540)(484)
Total Corporate and Unallocated(173)(15,284)1,213 
Other
(6)55 70 
Total Company operating income (loss)4,822 (10,689)4,369 
Other expense/(income), net3 582 165 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$4,819 $(11,271)$4,204 
AssetsDepreciation & AmortizationCapital Expenditures
(Millions)20242023202420232022202420232022
Safety and Industrial$10,877 $11,212 $556 $530 $566 $373 $285 $512 
Transportation and Electronics6,531 6,826 458 537 410 468 723 562 
Consumer2,518 2,625 157 160 148 80 105 146 
Corporate and Unallocated and Other
19,942 16,195 53 206 130 183 275 257 
Total continuing operations$39,868 $36,858 $1,224 $1,433 $1,254 $1,104 $1,388 $1,477 
Assets subject to attribution to business segments largely include accounts receivable; inventories; property, plant and equipment; goodwill; intangible assets; and certain limited other assets. All other items are reflected in Corporate and Unallocated and Other. Accounts receivable and inventory are attributed based on underlying sales or activity. Property, plant and equipment are attributed to a particular business segment based on that item’s primary user while certain items such as corporate-shared headquarters/administrative centers, laboratories, distribution centers and enterprise software systems are reflected in Corporate and Unallocated and Other. Intangible assets and goodwill are largely directly associated with a particular reporting unit and attributed on that basis. Business segment depreciation reflected above is based on the underlying usage of assets (while the particular asset itself may be entirely reflected within a different business segment’s asset balance as its primary user). This depreciation also includes allocated depreciation associated with a number of the assets reflected in Corporate and Unallocated and Other as described above.
Corporate and Unallocated and Other: Outside of 3M's reportable operating segments, 3M has Corporate and Unallocated and Other which are not reportable business segments as they do not meet the segment reporting criteria. Because Corporate and Unallocated and Other includes a variety of miscellaneous items, it is subject to fluctuation on a quarterly and annual basis.
•Corporate and Unallocated operating income (loss) includes “corporate special items” and “other corporate expense-net”.
◦Corporate special items include net costs for significant litigation impacting operating income (loss) associated with PFAS-related other environmental and Combat Arms Earplugs matters. In addition, during the voluntary chapter 11 bankruptcy period (which began in July 2022 and ended in June 2023), costs associated with the Aearo portion of respirator mask/asbestos matters were also included in corporate special items. Prior to the bankruptcy, costs associated with Combat Arms Earplugs matters were not included in the Corporate net costs for significant litigation special item, instead being reflected in the Safety and Industrial business segment. Corporate special items for the periods presented also include divestiture costs, gain on business divestitures, divestiture-related restructuring actions and Russia exit charges/benefits. Divestiture costs include costs that were not eligible to be part of discontinued operations related to separating and divesting substantially an entire business segment of 3M following public announcement of its intended divestiture.
◦Other corporate expense-net includes certain enterprise and governance activities resulting in unallocated corporate costs and other activity and net costs that 3M may choose not to allocate directly to its business segments. Other corporate expense-net also includes costs previously allocated to Solventum prior to the Separation that were not eligible to be part of discontinued operations, commercial activity with Solventum post-Separation, and certain operations of the former Health Care business segment retained by 3M.
•Other principally reflects activity associated with:
◦Operations of businesses of the former Health Care segment divested prior to the Separation and therefore not reflected as discontinued operations within 3M's financial statements, along with limited-duration supply agreements with those previous divestitures.
◦Transition arrangement agreements (e.g. fees charged by 3M, net of underlying costs) related to divested businesses, including those related to the Separation, as well as other applicable divestitures.
Geographic Information: Geographic area information is used by the Company as a secondary performance measure to manage its businesses. Export sales and certain income and expense items are generally reported within the geographic area where the final sales to 3M customers are made. Refer to Note 3 for geographic net sales.
Property, Plant and Equipment - net
(Millions)20242023
Americas$5,284 $5,370 
Asia Pacific1,053 1,176 
Europe, Middle East and Africa1,051 1,144 
Total continuing operations$7,388 $7,690 
United States net property, plant and equipment (PPE) was $5.0 billion and $5.0 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. China/Hong Kong net PPE was $0.4 billion and $0.4 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.