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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes consisted of the following:

(Millions)						2024						2023						2022
United States						$	2,300					$	(13,272)					$	2,173
International						2,519						2,001						2,031
Total						$	4,819					$	(11,271)					$	4,204

Schedule of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

Provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:

(Millions)						2024						2023						2022
Currently payable
Federal						$	(75)					$	302					$	295
State						(6)						38						55
International						583						494						503
Deferred
Federal						328						(3,084)						(593)
State						1						(495)						(76)
International						(27)						(122)						4
Total						$	804					$	(2,867)					$	188

Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Components of deferred tax assets and (liabilities) are comprised of the following:

(Millions)						2024						2023
Deferred tax assets:
Employee benefit costs						$	241					$	202
Product and other claims						3,154						3,977
Investments						333						—
Miscellaneous accruals						143						116
Stock-based compensation						267						249
Advanced payments						14						76
Net operating/capital loss/tax credit carryforwards						130						91
Foreign tax credits						143						117
Research and experimentation capitalization						720						595
Lease liabilities						150						176
Intangible amortization						104						99
Other						56						55
Gross deferred tax assets						5,455						5,753
Valuation allowance						(1,061)						(689)
Total deferred tax assets						4,394						5,064
Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated depreciation						(263)						(422)
Right-of-use asset						(151)						(178)
Other						(188)						—
Total deferred tax liabilities						(602)						(600)
Net deferred tax assets						$	3,792					$	4,464

Schedule of Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to 3M's worldwide effective income tax rate is provided below:

Note: A positive rate reconciliation percent for the year ended 2023 is a tax benefit on a pretax loss.

						2024						2023						2022
Statutory U.S. tax rate						21.0		%				21.0		%				21.0		%
Food Safety divestiture						—						—						(12.8)
State income taxes - net of federal benefit						0.6						3.2						(0.5)
International income taxes - net3						2.1						0.6						(0.2)
Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI)						0.6						(0.3)						0.9
Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII)						(0.3)						0.6						(2.2)
U.S. research and development credit						(0.7)						0.4						(0.9)
Reserves for tax contingencies						0.6						(0.4)						(0.1)
Employee share-based payments						0.4						—						(0.3)
Change in valuation allowance on Solventum ownership						(7.7)						—						—
All other - net						0.1						0.3						(0.4)
Effective worldwide tax rate						16.7		%				25.4		%				4.5		%

3 International income taxes includes tax expense associated with international earnings no longer considered permanently reinvested.

Schedule of Reconciliation of Federal, State and Foreign Tax Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (UTB) is as follows:

(Millions)						2024						2023						2022
Gross UTB Balance at January 1						$	590					$	632					$	770
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year						13						11						114
Additions for tax positions of prior years						57						63						36
Reductions for tax positions of prior years						(16)						(42)						(132)
Settlements						(17)						(33)						(118)
Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations						(36)						(42)						(32)
Foreign currency translation						(17)						1						(6)
Gross UTB Balance at December 31						$	574					$	590					$	632

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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Tabular disclosure of the change in unrecognized tax benefits.

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