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Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information - AOCI Rollforward (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward    
Balance at the beginning of the period $ 3,894 $ 4,868
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:    
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 200 (47)
Balance at the end of the period 4,523 4,933
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)    
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward    
Balance at the beginning of the period (5,731) (6,778)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:    
Amounts before reclassifications 135 (125)
Amounts reclassified out 53 126
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax 188 1
Tax effect 12 (49)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 200 (48)
Balance at the end of the period (5,531) (6,826)
Cumulative translation adjustment    
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward    
Balance at the beginning of the period (2,953) (2,506)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:    
Amounts before reclassifications 149 (253)
Amounts reclassified out 0 57
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax 149 (196)
Tax effect 22 (13)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 171 (209)
Balance at the end of the period (2,782) (2,715)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment    
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward    
Balance at the beginning of the period (2,763) (4,218)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:    
Amounts before reclassifications 0 67
Amounts reclassified out 76 96
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax 76 163
Tax effect (18) (28)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 58 135
Balance at the end of the period (2,705) (4,083)
Cash flow hedging instruments, unrealized gain (loss)    
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward    
Balance at the beginning of the period (15) (54)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:    
Amounts before reclassifications (14) 61
Amounts reclassified out (23) (27)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax (37) 34
Tax effect 8 (8)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (29) 26
Balance at the end of the period $ (44) $ (28)