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Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans | Note 13. Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans The service cost component of defined benefit net periodic benefit cost is recorded in cost of sales; selling, general and administrative expenses; and research, development and related expenses. The other components of net periodic benefit cost are reflected in other expense (income), net. Effective April 1, 2024, approximately $2.7 billion of benefit obligations and $2.4 billion of plan assets for certain pension and postretirement benefit plans, were transferred to Solventum, which is treated as a discontinued operation. Components of net periodic benefit cost and other supplemental information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 follow:
|  | Qualified and non-qualified pension benefits |  | Postretirement benefits
|  | United States | International |
|  | Three months ended June 30,
Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) (millions) |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Operating expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Non-operating expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost |  | 109 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 21 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (142) |  |  | (196) |  |  | (66) |  |  | (80) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (15) |
Amortization of transition asset |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of prior service benefit |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | (6) |
Amortization of net actuarial loss |  | 69 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other |  | — |  |  | 795 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total non-operating expense (benefit) |  | 36 |  |  | 819 |  |  | (18) |  |  | (27) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |
Total net periodic benefit cost (benefit) |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 848 |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 9 |
|  | Six months ended June 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Operating expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Non-operating expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost |  | 217 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 43 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (284) |  |  | (433) |  |  | (131) |  |  | (167) |  |  | (28) |  |  | (34) |
Amortization of transition asset |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of prior service benefit |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (4) |  |  | (12) |
Amortization of net actuarial loss |  | 138 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 10 |
Settlements, curtailments, special termination benefits and other |  | — |  |  | 795 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total non-operating expense (benefit) |  | 71 |  |  | 833 |  |  | (34) |  |  | (55) |  |  | 14 |  |  | 7 |
Total net periodic benefit cost (benefit) |  | 122 |  |  | 899 |  |  | (10) |  |  | (20) |  |  | 23 |  |  | 19 |
Service cost - continuing operations |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Service cost - discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total service cost |  | 51 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 12 |
Non-operating expense (benefit) - continuing operations |  | 71 |  |  | 833 |  |  | (34) |  |  | (55) |  |  | 14 |  |  | 7 |
Non-operating expense (benefit) - discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total non-operating expense (benefit) |  | 71 |  |  | 833 |  |  | (34) |  |  | (55) |  |  | 14 |  |  | 7 |
Total net periodic benefit cost (benefit) - continuing operations |  | 122 |  |  | 892 |  |  | (10) |  |  | (25) |  |  | 23 |  |  | 18 |
Total net periodic benefit cost (benefit) - discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total net periodic benefit cost (benefit) |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 899 |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | (20) |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 19 |
For the six months ended June 30, 2025 contributions totaling $55 million were made to the Company’s U.S. and international pension plans and $6 million to its postretirement plans. Future contributions will depend on market conditions, interest rates and other factors. 3M’s annual measurement date for pension and postretirement assets and liabilities is December 31 each year, which is also the date used for the related annual measurement assumptions. As of March 31, 2024, 3M transferred eligible U.S. Solventum employees and retirees to new U.S. defined benefit pension and postretirement plans with the same benefits of their current plans. The transfer required remeasurement of the plans prior to the calculation of this split. There were also several small international pension plans remeasured for purposes of transferring Solventum employees to new pension plans. Additionally in 2024, primarily in the second quarter, 3M recorded a non-cash pension settlement charge of approximately $0.8 billion reflected in other expense (income), net as a result of transferring approximately $2.5 billion of its U.S. pension payment obligations and related plan assets to an insurance company. The pension risk transfer required remeasurement of the plan prior to the calculation of the settlement charge. Refer to Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in 3M's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding these remeasurements.

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