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Supplemental Equity and Comprehensive Income Information - AOCI Rollforward (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2025
Jun. 30, 2024
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward        
Balance at the beginning of the period $ 4,523 $ 4,933 $ 3,894 $ 4,868
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:        
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 305 674 505 627
Solventum spin-off (3) (2,169) (3) (2,169)
Balance at the end of the period 4,351 3,988 4,351 3,988
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)        
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward        
Balance at the beginning of the period (5,531) (6,826) (5,731) (6,778)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:        
Amounts before reclassifications 189 93 324 (32)
Amounts reclassified out 57 857 110 983
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax 246 950 434 951
Tax effect 59 (275) 71 (324)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 305 675 505 627
Solventum spin-off 11 584 11 584
Balance at the end of the period (5,215) (5,567) (5,215) (5,567)
Cumulative translation adjustment        
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward        
Balance at the beginning of the period (2,782) (2,715) (2,953) (2,506)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:        
Amounts before reclassifications 287 (148) 436 (401)
Amounts reclassified out 0 11 0 68
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax 287 (137) 436 (333)
Tax effect 52 (7) 74 (20)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 339 (144) 510 (353)
Solventum spin-off 0 64 0 64
Balance at the end of the period (2,443) (2,795) (2,443) (2,795)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans adjustment        
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward        
Balance at the beginning of the period (2,705) (4,083) (2,763) (4,218)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:        
Amounts before reclassifications (7) 218 (7) 285
Amounts reclassified out 71 876 147 972
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax 64 1,094 140 1,257
Tax effect (15) (268) (33) (296)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 49 826 107 961
Solventum spin-off 11 520 11 520
Balance at the end of the period (2,645) (2,737) (2,645) (2,737)
Cash flow hedging instruments, unrealized gain (loss)        
AOCI Attributable to 3M, Net of Tax Roll Forward        
Balance at the beginning of the period (44) (28) (15) (54)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:        
Amounts before reclassifications (91) 23 (105) 84
Amounts reclassified out (14) (30) (37) (57)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax (105) (7) (142) 27
Tax effect 22 0 30 (8)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (83) (7) (112) 19
Solventum spin-off 0 0 0 0
Balance at the end of the period $ (127) $ (35) $ (127) $ (35)