Operating Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Analysis of income and expense [abstract]

Operating expenses for the years ended December 31 consist of the following:



	2018		2017
Employee expenses⁽¹⁾	$	3,707	$	3,672
Premises and equipment	268		263
Capital asset depreciation	107		97
Service fees	870		799
Amortization of intangible assets (Note 9)	119		112
Other expenses⁽²⁾	1,361		1,467
Total operating expenses	$	6,432	$	6,410

⁽¹⁾ See table below for further details.

⁽²⁾Includes restructuring costs of $60 recorded in 2017 for the Company's plan to enhance business processes and organizational structures and capabilities.

Employee expenses for the years ended December 31 consist of the following:



	2018		2017
Salaries, bonus, employee benefits	$	3,322	$	3,155
Share-based payments (Note 19)	346		476
Other personnel costs	39		41
Total employee expenses	$	3,707	$	3,672