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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Analysis Of Other Comprehensive Income By Item [Abstract]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table provides a reconciliation by risk category of the accumulated other comprehensive income and analysis of OCI items resulting from hedge accounting:
For the years ended December 31,20242023
Cash flow hedges:
Balance, beginning of year$(1)$(18)
Effective portion of changes in fair value:
Foreign currency risk(1)
69 (17)
Equity price risk57 
Net amount reclassified to income (loss):
Foreign currency risk(1)
(76)37 
Equity price risk(41)(3)
Related tax(4)(7)
Balance, end of year$4 $(1)

(1)    Cross-currency swap may be used to hedge foreign exchange risk, or a combination of interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk in a single hedge relationship. Cross-currency swaps in both type of hedge relationships are disclosed in the above risk category (foreign exchange risk).
26. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes, are as follows:
For the years ended December 31, 20242023
Balance,
beginning
of year
Other
comprehensive income (loss)
Balance,
end of
year
Balance,
beginning
of year
Other
comprehensive
income (loss)
Other
Balance,
end of
year
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to income:
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses), net of hedging activities$1,350 $1,346 $2,696 $1,689 $(339)$— $1,350 
Unrealized gains (losses) on FVOCI assets(354)104 (250)(839)485 — (354)
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges(1)5 4 (18)17 — (1)
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) in joint ventures and associates(151)201 50 (107)(44)— (151)
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to income:
Remeasurement of defined benefit plans(217)19 (198)(149)(105)37 
(1)
(217)
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) in joint ventures and associates2 (7)(5)(5)— 
Revaluation surplus on transfers to investment properties143 1 144 143 — — 143 
Total$772 $1,669 $2,441 $714 $21 $37 $772 
Total attributable to:
Participating account$6 $(3)$3 $(3)$$— $
Non-controlling interests1 10 11 (3)— 
Shareholders765 1,662 2,427 713 15 37 765 
Total$772 $1,669 $2,441 $714 $21 $37 $772 

(1)    During 2023, the Company transferred cumulative remeasurement losses of $37 from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to Retained earnings due to the sale of Sun Life UK.