Super Micro Computer, Inc. (“Super Micro Computer” or the “Company”) was incorporated in 1993. All references to “Super Micro Computer,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company” mean Super Micro Computer, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Super Micro Computer is a global leader in server technology and green computing innovation. Super Micro Computer develops and provides high performance server and storage solutions based upon an innovative, modular and open-standard architecture. Super Micro Computer has operations primarily in the United States, Taiwan, and the Netherlands.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of Super Micro Computer, Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiaries where we have controlling financial interests, and any variable interest entities for which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates form the basis for judgments we make about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. We base our estimates and judgments on historical information and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments in several areas, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, income taxes, inventory valuation, useful lives of property, plant and equipment, product warranty accruals, impairment of investments and fair value of financial instruments and leases. These estimates are based on management’s knowledge about current events, interpretation of regulations, and expectations about actions we may undertake in the future. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

We account for certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly arms-length transaction between market participants. When measuring fair value, we take into account the characteristics of the asset or liability that a market participant would consider when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. We consider one or more techniques for measuring fair value: market approach, income approach, and cost approach. The valuation techniques include inputs that are based on three different levels of observability to the market. We categorize each fair value measurements in one of these three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:

Accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. Cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, investment in an auction rate security, and marketable securities, included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, are carried at fair value. Non-current accounts receivable, included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, are carried at amortized cost, and bear interest at rates that approximate current market rates for similar credit. We believe the carrying amounts approximate fair value because there have been no significant changes in market rates or credit risk. Short-term and long-term debt, the 2029 Convertible Notes, 2028 Convertible Notes, and the 2030 Convertible Notes, included in lines of credit and current portion of term loans, term loans, non-current, and convertible notes, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets are all carried at amortized cost.

Our non-marketable equity securities, included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, are investments in privately-held companies without readily determinable fair values. We elected to account for substantially all of our non-marketable equity securities using the measurement alternative, which is cost, less any impairment. We periodically review our non-marketable equity securities for impairment. When indicators exist and the estimated fair value of an investment is below its carrying amount, we write down the investment to its estimated fair value. The change in carrying value, resulted from the remeasurements, is recognized in other income, net on our consolidated statements of operations. For additional information, see Note 3, “Non-marketable Equity Securities”.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with financial institutions globally and highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds and certificates of deposit with original maturities of less than three months. We classify certain restricted cash balances, consisting mostly of cash related to amounts held in bank accounts which are controlled by the lenders pursuant to the terms of certain debt agreements, certificates of deposit primarily related to leases and customs requirements, and money market accounts held in escrow pursuant to our workers’ compensation program, within other assets on our consolidated balance sheets, based upon the expected duration of the restrictions. For further details on our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, see Note 6, “Balance Sheet Components” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Inventories are stated at lower of cost, using weighted average cost method, or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price of our products in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Inventories consist of raw materials (principally electronic components), work in process (principally products being assembled) and finished goods. We evaluate inventory on a quarterly basis for excess and obsolescence and lower of cost or net realizable value and, as necessary, write down the valuation of inventories based upon our inventory aging, forecasted usage and sales, anticipated selling price, product obsolescence and other factors. Once inventory is written down, its new value is maintained until it is sold or scrapped.

We receive various rebate incentives from certain suppliers based on our contractual arrangements, including volume-based rebates. The rebates earned are recognized as a reduction of cost of inventories and reduce the cost of sales in the period when the related inventory is sold. For further details on our inventory, see Note 6, “Balance Sheet Components” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

We evaluate at least annually the recoverability of property, plant, and equipment for possible impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment assets is not recoverable, and the asset’s fair value is less than the carrying amount, an impairment charge is recognized. No impairment charges were recorded for property, plant, and equipment in any of the periods presented.

The useful lives of our property, plant, and equipment are management’s estimates when the assets are initially recognized and are routinely reviewed for the remaining estimated useful lives. Our estimate of useful lives represents the best estimate of the useful lives based on current facts and circumstances but may differ from the actual useful lives due to changes to the business operations, changes in the planned use of assets, and technological advancements. When we change the estimated useful life assumption for any asset, the remaining carrying amount of the asset is accounted for prospectively and depreciated or amortized over the revised estimated useful life.

Product sales. We recognize revenue from sales of products as control is transferred to customers, which generally happens at the point of shipment or upon delivery, unless customer acceptance is required. Determining the point in time that control transfers to the customer requires judgment. Products sold by us are shipped from our facilities or drop shipped from our vendors. We may use distributors to sell products to end customers. Revenue from distributors is recognized when the distributor obtains control of the product, which generally happens at the point of shipment or upon delivery.

We apply judgment in determining the transaction price as we may be required to estimate variable consideration when determining the amount of revenue to recognize. Variable consideration is estimated using either the expected value or most likely amount method, depending on which method better predicts the amount of consideration to which we may be entitled. As part of determining the transaction price in contracts with customers, we estimate reserves for future sales returns based on a review of our history of actual returns for each major product order and return type. Based upon historical experience, a refund liability is recorded at the time of sale for estimated product returns and an asset is recognized for the amount expected to be recorded in inventory upon product return, less the expected recovery costs.

Services sales. Our sale of services mainly consists of extended warranty and on-site services as well as system rack installation and integration services. Revenue related to extended warranty commences upon the expiration of the standard warranty period and is recognized ratably over the contractual period as we stand ready to perform any required warranty service. Revenue related to on-site services commences upon recognition of the product sale and is recognized ratably over the contractual period as the on-site services are made available to the customer. These service contracts are typically one to five years in length. Revenue related to system rack installation and integration services is recognized when we perform the services and the customer receives and consumes the benefits.

Contracts with multiple promised goods and services. Certain of our contracts contain multiple promised goods and services. We assess whether each promised good or service is distinct for the purpose of identifying the performance obligations in the contract. This assessment requires management to make judgments about the individual promised goods or services and whether such goods or services are separable from the other aspects of the contractual relationship. Performance obligations in a contract are identified based on the promised goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised goods and services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price for each customer contract to each performance obligation based on the relative Stand-alone Selling Price (“SSP”) for each performance obligation within each contract. We recognize the amount of transaction price allocated to each performance obligation within a customer contract as revenue at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the promised good or service to a customer. Determining the relative SSP for contracts that contain multiple performance obligations requires significant judgment. We determine SSP based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the SSP is not observable through past transactions, we apply judgment to estimate the SSP. For all performance obligations, we are able to establish the SSP by maximizing the use of observable inputs. We typically establish an SSP range for our products and services, which is reassessed on a periodic basis or when facts and circumstances change. SSP for our products and services can evolve over time due to changes in our pricing practices, internally approved pricing guidelines with respect to geographies, customer type, internal costs, and gross margin objectives for the related performance obligations which can also be influenced by intense competition, changes in demand for our products and services, economic and other factors.

Our credit terms are predominantly short-term in nature, however, we also grant extended payment terms for certain customers. For the contracts with the extended payment terms in which the financing component is determined to be significant to the contract, the contract transaction price is adjusted for the effect of a financing component.

When we receive consideration from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer, we record a contract liability (deferred revenue). We also recognize deferred revenue when we have an unconditional right to consideration (i.e., a receivable) before transfer of control of goods or services to a customer.

Shipping and handling fees collected from customers are included in net sales when control of the product is transferred to the customer, and the related shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales. We have elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control of a good as a fulfillment cost rather than as an additional promised service. Taxes imposed by governmental authorities on our revenue producing activities with customers, such as sales taxes and value added taxes, are excluded from net sales.

Accounts receivable are recorded and carried at the original invoiced amount less an allowance for any potential uncollectible amounts. We make estimates of expected credit and collectability trends for the allowance for credit losses and allowance for unbilled receivables based upon our assessment of various factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of our customers, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect our ability to collect from customers. Expected credit losses are recorded as general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. All receivables due beyond the 12 month period are classified as a non-current receivable within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Cost of sales primarily consists of the costs of materials, contract manufacturing, in-bound shipping, personnel and related expenses including stock-based compensation, tariffs, equipment and facility expenses, warranty costs and write down adjustments for lower of cost or net realizable value and excess and obsolete inventory.

We offer a limited warranty to end-users ranging from 15 to 39 months for products to repair or replace products for manufacturing defects or hardware component failures. Cost of sales includes the estimated cost of product warranties that are calculated at the point of revenue recognition. Under limited circumstances, we may offer an extended limited warranty to customers for certain products. We also accrue for known warranty and indemnification issues if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated. Warranty accruals are based on estimates that are updated on an ongoing basis taking into consideration inputs such as new product introductions, changes in the volume of claims compared with our historical experience, and the changes in the cost of servicing warranty claims. For further details on our product warranties, see Note 6, “Balance Sheet Components” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Research and development expenses consist of personnel expenses including salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation and incentive bonuses, and related expenses for our research and development personnel, as well as materials and supplies, consulting services, third-party testing services, and equipment and facility expenses related to our research and development activities. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. We occasionally receive funding from certain suppliers and customers towards our development efforts and such amounts are recorded as a reduction of research and development expenses and were $32.6 million, $21.5 million, and $20.0 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Software development costs, including costs to develop software sold, leased, or otherwise marketed, that are incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility are capitalized if significant. Costs incurred during the application development stage for internal-use software are capitalized if significant. Capitalized software development costs are amortized using the straight-line amortization method over the estimated useful life of the applicable software. Such software development costs required to be capitalized have not been material to date.

Advertising costs net of reimbursements received under the cooperative marketing arrangements with our vendors, are expensed when incurred and are included in sales and marketing expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. We incurred advertising expenses of $38.1 million, $10.7 million and $2.0 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We recognize compensation expense for share-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance-based RSUs (“PRSUs”), based on their grant date fair values over the requisite service period. Stock options and RSUs are expensed on a straight-line basis, while PRSUs are expensed using an accelerated method if performance conditions are likely to be met. If not, no expense is recognized, and previously recognized expense is reversed. For market condition awards, which are typically performance-based, the fair value is amortized over the service period based on the probability of meeting performance criteria. The fair value of RSUs and PRSUs is based on our stock price at grant, while stock options are valued using the Black-Scholes model or Monte Carlo simulation for market-condition awards. The fair value is amortized straight-line over the service period. We recognize stock option and RSU forfeitures when they occur, without estimating forfeiture rates for new grants, while continuing to assess performance conditions.

Operating and finance leases are recorded as Right-of-use ("ROU") assets in other assets, and as lease liabilities in accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating and finance lease ROU assets and liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In determining the present value of lease payments, we use the implicit interest rate if readily determinable. When the implicit interest rate is not readily determinable, we use the incremental borrowing rate, which is based on our collateralized borrowing capabilities over a similar term of the lease payments. When using the incremental borrowing rate, we utilize the consolidated group incremental borrowing rate. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have elected the accounting policy to not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities that arise from short-term (12 months or less) leases for any class of underlying asset. We account for fixed payments for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component from both a lessee and lessor perspective. Non-lease components that have variable costs, such as common area maintenance, are expensed as incurred and not included in the ROU assets and lease liabilities. Our finance leases are immaterial.

We account for income taxes under an asset and liability approach. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for income tax reporting purposes, net of operating loss carry-forwards and other tax credits measured by applying enacted tax laws related to the financial statement periods. Valuation allowances are provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

We recognize tax liabilities for uncertain income tax positions on the income tax return based on the two-step process. The first step is to determine whether it is more likely than not that each income tax position would be sustained upon audit. The second step is to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority. Estimating these amounts requires us to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. We evaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on the consideration of several factors, including changes in facts or circumstances, changes in applicable tax law, settlement of issues under audit and new exposures. If we later determine that our exposure is lower, or that the liability is insufficient to cover revised expectations, we adjust the liability and record a related charge in our tax provision during the period in which we make this determination.

For non-US earnings in our foreign subsidiaries, we plan to indefinitely reinvest such earnings except for Netherlands. For the earnings we intend to indefinitely reinvest, no deferred tax liabilities for foreign withholding or other taxes have been recorded. The tax impact associated with the potential repatriation related to Netherlands, is estimated to be immaterial.

When we obtain an economic interest in an entity, we evaluate whether the entity should be deemed a VIE, and, if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary and therefore required to consolidate the VIE, based on significant judgment whether we (i) have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and (ii) have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

We use the U.S. dollar as our functional currency for all our international subsidiaries, except for Super Micro Asia and Technology Park, Inc., a consolidated variable interest entity. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured into United States dollars at end-of-period exchange rates. Non-monetary assets and liabilities such as property, plant, and equipment and equity are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at exchange rates in effect during each period, except for those expenses related to non-monetary balance sheet amounts, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurement are included in other income, net in our consolidated statements of operations and, to date, have not been significant. Realized and unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain for fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $(11.6) million, $6.3 million, and $0.2 million, respectively.

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive shares outstanding include the dilutive effect of equity awards, as well as convertible notes. Potentially dilutive shares whose effect would have been antidilutive are excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share. The dilutive effect of equity awards is calculated based on the average stock price for each fiscal period, using the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of convertible notes is calculated using the if-converted method. Contingently issuable shares are included in computing basic net income per common share as of the date that all necessary conditions, including service vesting conditions have been satisfied. Contingently issuable shares are considered for computing diluted net income per common share as of the beginning of the period in which all necessary conditions have been satisfied and the only remaining vesting condition is a service vesting condition.

We currently are, and will likely continue to be, subject to claims, litigation, and other actions, including potential regulatory proceedings, involving patent and other intellectual property matters, taxes, labor and employment, competition and antitrust, commercial disputes, goods and services offered by us and by third parties, and other matters. There are many uncertainties associated with any litigation or investigation, and we cannot be certain that these actions or other third party claims against us will be resolved without litigation, fines and/or substantial settlement payments or judgments. If information becomes available that causes us to determine that a loss in any of our pending litigation, investigations or settlements is probable, and we can reasonably estimate the loss associated with such events, we will record the loss. However, the actual liability in any such litigation or investigation may be materially different from our estimates, which could require us to record additional costs. If we determine that a loss is reasonably possible and the loss or range of loss can be estimated, we disclose the reasonably possible loss. We accrue legal fees for litigation as the legal services are provided.

Purchases from Ablecom and Compuware, our related parties, as shown in Note 10, “Related Party Transactions” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, accounted for a combined 3.3%, 4.3%, and 6.6% of cost of sales on our consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Financial instruments, potentially subject to our concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and accounts receivable. We deposit cash with high-quality financial institutions. These deposits are guaranteed by the federal deposit insurance corporation up to an insurance limit.

The concentration of customer risk refers to the potential adverse impact on a business due to a high dependency on a limited number of customers. This risk arises when a significant portion of our revenue is generated from a small group of customers. If any of these key customers reduce their orders, delay payments, or terminate their contracts, the business could face substantial financial instability.

We account for treasury stock under the cost method. Upon the retirement of treasury shares, we deduct the par value of the retired treasury shares from common stock and allocate the excess of cost over par as a deduction to additional paid-in capital based on the pro-rata portion of additional paid-in-capital, and the remaining excess as a deduction to retained earnings. Retired treasury shares revert to the status of authorized but unissued shares.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU requires that a public entity provide additional segment disclosures on an interim and annual basis. The amendments in this ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements unless impracticable. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU is effective for our fiscal year beginning July 1, 2024, and for the interim period beginning July 1, 2025. We noted that the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, other than enhanced disclosures. Please refer to Note 15, “Segment Reporting” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures, primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted and should be applied prospectively, with retrospective application permitted. The ASU is effective for our fiscal year beginning July 1, 2025. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements other than additional disclosures.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, Codification Improvements—Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements, which contains amendments to the Codification that remove references to various FASB Concepts Statements. The ASU affects a variety of Topics in the Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance. The ASU may be applied prospectively or retrospectively and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU is effective for our fiscal year beginning July 1, 2025. We do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. The ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement, but it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which was issued to clarify the initial effective date for entities that do not have an annual reporting period that ends on December 31 (referred to as non-calendar year-end entities). The update clarified that ASU 2024-03 shall be effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU is effective for our fiscal year beginning July 1, 2027. We do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements other than additional disclosures.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity, which revises current guidance for determining the accounting acquirer for a transaction effected primarily by exchanging equity interests in which the legal acquiree is a variable interest entity that meets the definition of a business. The amendments require that an entity consider the same factors that are currently required for determining which entity is the accounting acquirer in other acquisition transactions. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU is effective for our fiscal year beginning July 1, 2027. We do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, which provides all entities with a practical expedient and entities other than public business entities with an accounting policy election when applying the guidance in Topic 326, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses, to current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU is effective for our fiscal year beginning July 1, 2026. We do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.