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Fair Value Measurements | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 are classified using the fair value hierarchy in the table below:
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2
| (In millions)
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |
Term deposits | 184 |  |  | — |  |  | 184 |
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |
Cross-currency interest rate swaps | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |
Term deposits | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |
Equity investments | 486 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 431 |
Total assets | $ | 794 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 735 |
Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 are classified using the fair value hierarchy in the table below:
| Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
| (In millions)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual funds | 23 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Term deposits | 153 |  |  | — |  |  | 153 |  |  | — |
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term deposits | 200 |  |  | — |  |  | 200 |  |  | — |
Equity investments | 909 |  |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | 815 |
Total assets | $ | 1,335 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 356 |  |  | $ | 815 |
We classify our cash equivalents and investments within Level 1 and Level 2 as we value our cash equivalents and investments using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. Valuation of the foreign currency forward contracts is based on foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, a Level 2 input. Valuation of the cross-currency interest rate swaps is based on foreign currency exchange rates and the current interest rate curve, Level 2 inputs. We hold term deposit investments with financial institutions. Term deposits with original maturities of less than three months are classified as cash equivalents, those with remaining maturities of less than one year are classified within short-term investments and those with remaining maturities of greater than one year are classified within long-term investments and other assets. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of term deposits, money market funds and mutual funds with maturities of three months or less and bank account balances. We use foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures, foreign denominated liabilities related to certain of our loyalty programs and our other foreign currency-denominated operating liabilities. Our goal in managing our foreign exchange risk is to reduce, to the extent practicable, our potential exposure to the changes that exchange rates might have on our earnings, cash flows and financial position. Our foreign currency forward contracts are typically short-term and, as they do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, we classify the changes in their fair value in other, net. As of September 30, 2022, we were party to outstanding forward contracts hedging our liability exposures with a total net notional value of $2.3 billion. We had a net forward asset of $29 million ($47 million gross asset) as of September 30, 2022 and a net forward asset of $3 million ($12 million gross asset) as of December 31, 2021 recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. We recorded $(60) million and $15 million in net gains (losses) from foreign currency forward contracts during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 as well as $144 million and $8 million in net losses from foreign currency forward contracts during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. On March 2, 2022, we entered into two fixed-to-fixed cross-currency interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of €300 million. The swaps were designated as net investment hedges of Euro assets with the objective to protect the U.S. dollar value of our net investments in the Euro foreign operations due to movements in foreign currency. Hedge effectiveness is assessed each quarter based on the net investment in the foreign subsidiaries designated as the hedged item and the changes in the fair value of designated interest rate swaps based on spot rates. For hedges that meet the effectiveness requirements, changes in fair value are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) within the foreign currency translation adjustment. Amounts excluded from hedge effectiveness at inception are recognized as interest accrues within interest expense. The maturity date of both swaps is February 2026, whereby, we will receive U.S. dollars from and pay Euros to the contract counterparties. During the term of each contract, we receive interest payments in U.S. dollars at a fixed rate of 5% and make interest payments in Euros at an average fixed rate of 3.38% based on a notional amount and fixed interest rates determined at contract inception. The fair value of the cross-currency interest rate swaps was a $42 million asset as of September 30, 2022 recorded in long-term investments and other assets, and the gain recognized in interest expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $4 million. Our equity investments include our marketable equity investment in Despegar, a publicly traded company, which is included in long-term investments and other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized a loss of approximately $39 million and approximately $7 million within other, net in our consolidated statements of operations related to the fair value changes of this equity investment. In connection with our disposition of Egencia (our former corporate travel arm) in November 2021, we became an indirect holder of an approximately 19% interest in GBT JerseyCo Ltd. (“GBT”), doing business as American Express Global Business Travel, with an initial fair value of $815 million. As we elected the fair value option for our investment, during the first quarter of 2022, we recorded a downward adjustment of approximately $2 million based on an updated valuation. In May 2022, GBT completed a deSPAC business combination with Apollo Strategic Growth Capital. This combination resulted in a newly publicly traded company, Global Business Travel Group, Inc (“GBTG”), which together with GBT’s pre-combination shareholders owned all of GBT. Post combination and as of September 30, 2022, we had an approximately 16% ownership interest in GBT and a commensurate voting interest in GBTG. Our shares in GBT are exchangeable on a 1:1 basis for GBTG shares, and as such, we valued our investment based on the GBTG’s share price at the end of the third quarter of 2022, which resulted in a loss of $48 million within other, net in our consolidated statements of operations during the three months ended September 30, 2022. The loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $384 million. We are subject to a lockup period on sales of these equity securities until November 23, 2022. The following table reconciles, in millions, the beginning and ending balances of our Level 3 assets. With the May 2022 business combination of GBTG, we reclassified our equity investment from a Level 3 asset to a Level 2 asset.
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 815 |
Upward (downward) adjustment to valuation | (335) |
Reclassification to Level 2 | (480) |
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | — |
Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis Our non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment, as well as equity method investments for which we have not elected the fair value option, are adjusted to fair value when an impairment charge is recognized or the underlying investment is sold. Such fair value measurements are based predominately on Level 3 inputs. We measure our minority investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment, adjusted by observable price changes with changes recorded within other, net on our consolidated statements of operations. Intangible Assets. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized intangible impairment charges of $52 million and $81 million related to an indefinite-lived trade name within our trivago segment that primarily resulted from changes in the weighted average cost of capital. The indefinite-lived trade name asset, classified as Level 3 measurements, was valued using the relief-from-royalty method, which includes unobservable inputs, including projected revenues, royalty rates and weighted average cost of capital. As noted above, trivago is subject to its own reporting and filing requirements and, therefore, assesses goodwill at a lower level, which could result in possible differences in the ultimate amount or timing of impairments recognized. Minority Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Values. As of both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying values of our minority investments without readily determinable fair values totaled $330 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we had no material gains or losses recognized related to these minority investments. As of September 30, 2022, total cumulative adjustments made to the initial cost basis of these investments included $2 million in unrealized upward adjustments and $105 million in unrealized downward adjustments (including impairments).

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- Definition The entire disclosure of the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities, which includes financial instruments measured at fair value that are classified in shareholders' equity, which may be measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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