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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
9. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is based upon the estimated annual effective tax rates for the year applied to the current period income before tax plus the tax effect of any significant or unusual items, discrete events, or changes in tax law. Our operating subsidiaries are exposed to statutory effective tax rates ranging from zero to approximately 35%. Fluctuations in the distribution of pre-tax income among our operating subsidiaries can lead to fluctuations of the effective tax rate in the consolidated financial statements. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the actual effective tax rates were 15.0% and 36.8%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the actual effective tax rates were (168.9)% and (0.9)%, respectively. The change in the effective tax rates for each period as compared to the same period in the prior year were primarily due to a near pre-tax break-even position in 2025.

As of September 30, 2025, our net unrecognized tax benefits totaled $7.8 million, which if recognized would result in no net effect on the effective tax rate due to a valuation allowance. The amount of reasonably possible unrecognized tax benefits that could decrease over the next 12 months due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitations or settlements of tax audits is not material to our consolidated financial statements.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and foreign jurisdictions. Due to our net operating loss carryforwards, the tax years 2016 through 2024 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject. There are no open examinations that would have a meaningful impact on our consolidated financial statements.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was signed into law, which makes permanent key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, including 100% bonus depreciation, domestic research cost expensing, and the business interest expense limitation. We have analyzed the impact of the provisions of the OBBBA and determined there was no material impact to our consolidated financial statements in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 nor do we anticipate the provisions of OBBBA to materially impact our current year effective income tax rate.