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Other comprehensive income - Schedule of changes in fair value of equity instruments that will not be reclassified (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | Dec. 31, 2025 | Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
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Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items] |  |  |  |
Net gains/losses by valuation | € (250) | € (432) | € (776) |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 74,612 | 89,898 | 83,308 |
Equity instruments |  |  |  |
Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items] |  |  |  |
Capital gains by valuation | 1,158 | 967 | 535 |
Capital losses by valuation | (1,408) | (1,399) | (1,311) |
Net gains/losses by valuation | (250) | (432) | (776) |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 2,281 | 2,193 | 1,761 | € 1,941
Domestic | Spain |  |  |  |
Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items] |  |  |  |
Capital gains by valuation | 47 | 39 | 32 |
Capital losses by valuation | (1,326) | (1,328) | (1,173) |
Net gains/losses by valuation | (1,279) | (1,289) | (1,141) |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 133 | 117 | 252 |
International | Rest of Europe |  |  |  |
Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items] |  |  |  |
Capital gains by valuation | 75 | 131 | 117 |
Capital losses by valuation | (81) | (71) | (71) |
Net gains/losses by valuation | (6) | 60 | 46 |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 186 | 299 | 267 |
International | US |  |  |  |
Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items] |  |  |  |
Capital gains by valuation | 23 | 22 | 16 |
Capital losses by valuation | (1) | 0 | 0 |
Net gains/losses by valuation | 22 | 22 | 16 |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 36 | 24 | 19 |
International | Latin America and rest |  |  |  |
Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items] |  |  |  |
Capital gains by valuation | 1,013 | 775 | 370 |
Capital losses by valuation | 0 | 0 | (67) |
Net gains/losses by valuation | 1,013 | 775 | 303 |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 1,926 | 1,753 | 1,223 |
Publicly listed |  |  |  |
Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items] |  |  |  |
Capital gains by valuation | 1,033 | 779 | 316 |
Capital losses by valuation | (49) | (51) | (118) |
Net gains/losses by valuation | 985 | 728 | 198 |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 1,993 | 1,780 | 1,225 |
Non publicly listed |  |  |  |
Disclosure of analysis of other comprehensive income by item [line items] |  |  |  |
Capital gains by valuation | 125 | 188 | 219 |
Capital losses by valuation | (1,359) | (1,348) | (1,193) |
Net gains/losses by valuation | (1,235) | (1,160) | (974) |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | € 288 | € 413 | € 536 |

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