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Loans and advances to customers - Schedule of movement of gross exposure by impairment stage (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025 | Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of financial assets that are either past due or impaired [line items] |  |  |
Impairment at beginning of year | € (283,497) | € (243,203) |
Impairment at end of year | (300,026) | (283,497) | € (243,203)
Accumulated impairment |  |  |
Disclosure of financial assets that are either past due or impaired [line items] |  |  |
Impairment at beginning of year | 349 | 286 |
Impairment at end of year | 520 | 349 | 286
Customers |  |  |
Disclosure of financial assets that are either past due or impaired [line items] |  |  |
Impairment at beginning of year | (1,054,069) | (1,036,349) |
Impairment at end of year | (1,037,288) | (1,054,069) | (1,036,349)
Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired |  |  |
Disclosure of financial assets that are either past due or impaired [line items] |  |  |
Write-offs | 13,266 | 13,212 | 13,847
Exchange differences and other changes | 2,536 | 947 | (168)
Customers | Accumulated impairment |  |  |
Disclosure of financial assets that are either past due or impaired [line items] |  |  |
Impairment at beginning of year | 22,125 | 22,788 |
Impairment at end of year | 21,158 | 22,125 | 22,788
Customers | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost | Accumulated impairment |  |  |
Disclosure of financial assets that are either past due or impaired [line items] |  |  |
Impairment at beginning of year | 1,043,436 | 1,039,608 | 1,042,174
Net changes on financial assets | 52,443 | 26,776 | 14,805
Write-offs | (13,266) | (13,212) | (13,847)
Exchange differences and other changes | (63,680) | (9,736) | (3,524)
Impairment at end of year | 1,018,933 | 1,043,436 | 1,039,608
Customers | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost | Accumulated impairment | Financial instruments not credit-impaired | Stage 1 |  |  |
Disclosure of financial assets that are either past due or impaired [line items] |  |  |
Impairment at beginning of year | 925,413 | 929,133 | 942,861
To stage 2 from stage 1 | (39,015) | (49,316) | (43,278)
To stage 3 from stage 1 | (12,097) | (11,517) | (12,636)
To stage 1 from stage 2 | 16,079 | 21,475 | 15,180
To stage 1 from stage 3 | 441 | 447 | 488
Net changes on financial assets | 69,819 | 43,281 | 29,696
Exchange differences and other changes | (54,818) | (8,090) | (3,178)
Impairment at end of year | 905,822 | 925,413 | 929,133
Customers | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost | Accumulated impairment | Financial instruments not credit-impaired | Stage 2 and 3 |  |  |
Disclosure of financial assets that are either past due or impaired [line items] |  |  |
Impairment at beginning of year | 84,455 | 76,654 | 66,696
To stage 2 from stage 1 | 39,015 | 49,316 | 43,278
To stage 3 from stage 2 | (8,266) | (10,083) | (9,915)
To stage 1 from stage 2 | (16,079) | (21,475) | (15,180)
To stage 2 from stage 3 | 1,764 | 2,358 | 2,899
Net changes on financial assets | (12,940) | (11,616) | (10,673)
Exchange differences and other changes | (6,369) | (699) | (451)
Impairment at end of year | 81,580 | 84,455 | 76,654
Customers | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost | Accumulated impairment | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Stage 2 and 3 |  |  |
Disclosure of financial assets that are either past due or impaired [line items] |  |  |
Impairment at beginning of year | 33,568 | 33,821 | 32,617
To stage 3 from stage 1 | 12,097 | 11,517 | 12,636
To stage 3 from stage 2 | 8,266 | 10,083 | 9,915
To stage 2 from stage 3 | (1,764) | (2,358) | (2,899)
To stage 1 from stage 3 | (441) | (447) | (488)
Net changes on financial assets | (4,436) | (4,889) | (4,218)
Write-offs | (13,266) | (13,212) | (13,847)
Exchange differences and other changes | (2,493) | (947) | 105
Impairment at end of year | € 31,531 | € 33,568 | € 33,821

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