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Risk management - Disclosure of main credit risk aggregates arising on customer business (Details) - EUR (€) € in Millions | 12 Months Ended |  |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2025 | Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 300,026 | € 283,497 | € 243,203
Recoveries on loans previously written off | € 1,791 |  |
Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 2.91% | 3.03% | 3.11%
NPL coverage ratio | 66.00% | 64.00% | 66.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 12,128 | € 11,822 | € 11,784
Cost of risk (in percent) | 1.14% | 1.12% | 1.13%
Accumulated impairment |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € (520) | € (349) | € (286)
Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | 1,159,180 | 1,134,418 | 1,115,288
Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 33,739 | € 34,383 | € 34,671
Spain |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 1.94% |  |
NPL coverage ratio | 55.00% |  |
Cost of risk (in percent) | 0.43% |  |
Spain | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 1.94% | 2.66% | 3.04%
NPL coverage ratio | 55.00% | 53.00% | 49.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 1,142 | € 1,259 | € 1,522
Cost of risk (in percent) | 0.43% | 0.50% | 0.61%
Spain | Accumulated impairment |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € (1,086) |  |
Spain | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | 305,156 | € 288,162 | € 280,629
Spain | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 5,915 | € 7,677 | € 8,531
United Kingdom | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 1.08% | 1.33% | 1.42%
NPL coverage ratio | 33.00% | 29.00% | 30.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 177 | € 64 | € 247
Cost of risk (in percent) | 0.07% | 0.03% | 0.10%
United Kingdom | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 244,303 | € 248,061 | € 247,360
United Kingdom | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 2,645 | € 3,299 | € 3,518
Portugal | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 1.99% | 2.27% | 2.41%
NPL coverage ratio | 81.00% | 78.00% | 83.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € (8) | € 11 | € 77
Cost of risk (in percent) | (0.02%) | 0.03% | 0.19%
Portugal | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 47,760 | € 44,573 | € 42,455
Portugal | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 948 | € 1,014 | € 1,024
US | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 4.82% | 4.68% | 4.57%
NPL coverage ratio | 55.00% | 64.00% | 68.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 2,244 | € 2,507 | € 2,593
Cost of risk (in percent) | 1.62% | 1.82% | 1.92%
US | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 148,488 | € 149,907 | € 137,894
US | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 7,150 | € 7,012 | € 6,303
Mexico | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 2.65% | 2.71% | 2.82%
NPL coverage ratio | 105.00% | 100.00% | 100.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 1,239 | € 1,277 | € 1,135
Cost of risk (in percent) | 2.69% | 2.64% | 2.43%
Mexico | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 53,476 | € 49,927 | € 52,785
Mexico | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 1,420 | € 1,352 | € 1,489
Brazil | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 6.76% | 6.10% | 6.25%
NPL coverage ratio | 81.00% | 79.00% | 83.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 4,409 | € 4,487 | € 4,701
Cost of risk (in percent) | 4.17% | 4.03% | 4.27%
Brazil | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 118,546 | € 116,247 | € 126,722
Brazil | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 8,010 | € 7,090 | € 7,923
Chile | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 5.73% | 5.37% | 5.01%
NPL coverage ratio | 48.00% | 50.00% | 53.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 531 | € 497 | € 365
Cost of risk (in percent) | 1.32% | 1.19% | 0.80%
Chile | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 44,146 | € 44,590 | € 46,565
Chile | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 2,528 | € 2,394 | € 2,332
Argentina | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 7.68% | 2.06% | 1.99%
NPL coverage ratio | 90.00% | 177.00% | 166.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 574 | € 284 | € 150
Cost of risk (in percent) | 7.34% | 4.59% | 6.64%
Argentina | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 8,813 | € 8,411 | € 3,903
Argentina | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 677 | € 173 | € 78
Openbank Europe | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 2.53% | 2.50% | 2.12%
NPL coverage ratio | 87.00% | 83.00% | 88.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 1,363 | € 1,209 | € 792
Cost of risk (in percent) | 0.97% | 0.88% | 0.62%
Openbank Europe | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 144,039 | € 141,312 | € 135,608
Openbank Europe | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 3,642 | € 3,527 | € 2,877
Corporate Centre | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
NPL ratio | 3.50% | 3.89% | 3.67%
NPL coverage ratio | 24.00% | 25.00% | 34.00%
Net loan-loss provisions | € 198 | € (3) | € (2)
Cost of risk (in percent) | 2.79% | (0.05%) | (0.04%)
Corporate Centre | Customers | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 9,340 | € 9,256 | € 8,206
Corporate Centre | Customers | Financial instruments credit-impaired | Accumulated impairment | Credit risk |  |  |
Disclosure of credit risk exposure [line items] |  |  |
Credit impaired loans | € 327 | € 360 | € 302

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