2. Segment Information

As outlined in note 1, the Group has three operating segments. The segments reflect the Group’s organisational structure and the nature of the financial information reported to and assessed by the Group Chief Executive and Finance Director, who are together determined to fulfil the role of Chief Operating Decision Maker (as defined in IFRS 8). No operating segments have been aggregated to form these reportable segments.

The principal factors employed in the identification of the three segments reflected in this note include:

•

the Group’s organisational structure in 2021 (during 2021 each divisional President fulfilled the role of “segment manager” as outlined in IFRS 8);

•

the nature of the reporting lines to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (as defined in IFRS 8);

•

the structure of internal reporting documentation such as management accounts and budgets; and

•

the degree of homogeneity of products and services within each of the segments from which revenue is derived

The Chief Operating Decision Maker monitors the operating results of segments separately in order to allocate resources between segments and to assess performance. Segment performance is evaluated using EBITDA (as defined)*. Given that net finance costs and income tax are managed on a centralised basis, these items are not allocated between operating segments for the purposes of the information presented to the Chief Operating Decision Maker and are accordingly omitted from the detailed segmental analysis below. There are no asymmetrical allocations to reporting segments which would require disclosure.

A. Operating segments disclosures—Consolidated Income Statement data


	Year ended 31 December
	Revenue						EBITDA (as defined)*
	2021 $m		2020 $m		2019 $m		2021 $m		2020 $m		2019 $m
Continuing operations
Americas Materials		12,407		11,273		11,626		2,588		2,405		2,194
Europe Materials		10,581		9,141		9,509		1,410		1,055		1,208
Building Products		7,993		7,173		6,997		1,352		1,170		1,076
Total Group from continuing operations		30,981		27,587		28,132		5,350		4,630		4,478

Discontinued operations
Europe Distribution		-		-		3,557		-		-		224

Total Group		30,981		27,587		31,689		5,350		4,630		4,702



Continuing operations
EBITDA (as defined)*	5,350	4,630	4,478
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment (i)	(1,765)	(2,367)	(1,685)
Group operating profit	3,585	2,263	2,793
Profit/(loss) on disposals (i i )	119	9	(189)
Finance costs less income	(311)	(389)	(365)
Other financial expense	(106)	(101)	(125)
Share of equity accounted investments’ profit/(loss) (ii i )	55	(118)	67
Profit before tax from continuing operations	3,342	1,664	2,181


	(i) Depreciation, amortisation and impairment						(ii) Profit/(loss) on disposals (note 6)						(iii) Share of equity accounted investments’ profit/(loss)
	2021 $m		2020 $m		2019 $m		2021 $m		2020 $m		2019 $m		2021 $m		2020 $m		2019 $m
Americas Materials		(800)		(774)		(771)		126		8		(2)		17		34		43
Europe Materials		(596)		(1,245)		(586)		17		(12)		(283)		21		(148)		14
Building Products		(369)		(348)		(328)		(24)		13		96		17		(4)		10
Total Group from continuing operations		(1,765)		(2,367)		(1,685)		119		9		(189)		55		(118)		67

B. Operating segments disclosures - Consolidated Balance Sheet data


	As at 31 December
	Total assets				Total liabilities
	2021 $m		2020 $m		2021 $m		2020 $m
Americas Materials		17,064		16,172		3,292		2,897
Europe Materials		12,367		12,730		4,100		3,971
Building Products		8,504		7,316		2,579		2,268
Total Group		37,935		36,218		9,971		9,136

Reconciliation to total assets as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Investments accounted for using the equity method		653		626
Other financial assets		12		13
Derivative financial instruments (current and non-current)		136		201
Income tax assets (current and deferred)		151		165
Cash and cash equivalents		5,783		7,721
Total assets as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		44,670		44,944

Reconciliation to total liabilities as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Interest-bearing loans and borrowings (current and non-current)						10,487		12,215
Derivative financial instruments (current and non-current)						14		13
Income tax liabilities (current and deferred)						3,284		3,232
Total liabilities as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet						23,756		24,596

C. Operating segments disclosures - other items

Additions to

non-current

assets


	Year ended 31 December
	Property, plant and equipment (i) (note 13, 20)						Financial assets (note 15)						Total Group
	2021 $m		2020 $m		2019 $m		2021 $m		2020 $m		2019 $m		2021 $m		2020 $m		2019 $m
Continuing operations
Americas Materials		750		527		750		4		1		30		754		528		780
Europe Materials		607		384		549		-		-		1		607		384		550
Building Products		417		265		353		-		-		-		417		265		353
Total Group from continuing operations		1,774		1,176		1,652		4		1		31		1,778		1,177		1,683

Discontinued operations
Europe Distribution		-		-		-		-		-		1		-		-		1

Total Group		1,774		1,176		1,652		4		1		32		1,778		1,177		1,684

(i)	Additions to property, plant and equipment include $10 million (2020: $14 million; 2019: $96 million) relating to leased mineral reserves which fall outside the scope of IFRS 16.

D. Information about geographical areas

The

non-current

assets (as defined in IFRS 8) attributable to the country of domicile and all foreign countries of operation, for which revenue exceeds 10% of total external Group revenue, are set out below.


	As at 31 December
	Non-current assets*

	2021		2020
		$m		$m
Republic of Ireland (country of domicile)		544		603
United Kingdom		2,595		2,594
United States		17,304		15,990
Other		9,560		10,129
Total Group		30,003		29,316