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Segment information | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment information | 20. Segment information Effective January 1, 2023 the Company restructured into two Divisions, CRH Americas and CRH Europe. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company's reportable segments changed to the following four segments: Americas Materials Solutions; Americas Building Solutions; Europe Materials Solutions; and Europe Building Solutions The Americas Materials Solutions segment provides solutions for the construction and maintenance of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings in North America. The primary materials produced by this segment include aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete and asphalt. This segment also provides paving and construction services for customers. The Americas Building Solutions segment manufactures, supplies and delivers solutions for the built environment in communities across North America. Our subsidiaries within this segment offer building and infrastructure solutions serving complex critical utility infrastructure (such as water, energy, transportation and telecommunications projects) and outdoor living solutions for enhancing private and public spaces. The Europe Materials Solutions segment provides solutions for the construction of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings to customers in construction markets in Europe. The primary materials produced in this segment include aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete, asphalt and concrete products. The Europe Building Solutions segment combines materials, products and services to produce a wide range of architectural and infrastructural solutions for use in the building and renovation of critical utility infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings, and outdoor living spaces for the built environment. This business serves the growing demand across the construction value chain for innovative and value-added products and services. This realignment reflects the Company’s organizational structure in 2023 and the nature of the financial information reported to and assessed by the Chief Executive, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, who are together determined to fulfil the role of Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). Comparative segment information for 2022 and 2021 has been restated to reflect the change in segments. The principal factors employed in the identification of the four segments reflected in this note include: (i) the Company’s organizational structure in 2023 (during 2023 the Divisional President fulfilled the role of “segment manager”); (ii) the nature of the reporting lines to the CODM; and (iii) the structure of internal reporting documentation such as management accounts and budgets. The Company’s reportable segments are the same as the Company’s operating segments and correspond with how the CODM regularly reviews financial information to allocate resources and assess performance under the Company’s organizational structure in 2023. The CODM monitors the operating results of segments separately in order to allocate resources between segments and to assess performance. Segment performance is evaluated using Adjusted EBITDA. Given that Interest expense and Income tax expense are managed on a centralized basis, these items are not allocated between operating segments for the purposes of the information presented to the CODM and are accordingly omitted from the detailed segmental analysis below. There are no asymmetrical allocations to reporting segments which would require disclosure. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings from continuing operations before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, loss on impairments, gain/loss on divestitures, income/loss from equity method investments, substantial acquisition-related costs and pension expense/income excluding current service cost component. The key performance measures for the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 were:
| Revenues | Adjusted EBITDA
in $ millions | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021
Americas Materials Solutions | 15,435 | 14,324 | 12,407 | 3,059 | 2,638 | 2,543
Americas Building Solutions | 7,017 | 6,188 | 4,628 | 1,442 | 1,219 | 720
Europe Materials Solutions | 9,690 | 9,349 | 9,389 | 1,395 | 1,195 | 1,228
Europe Building Solutions | 2,807 | 2,862 | 2,782 | 280 | 336 | 315
Total revenues and Adjusted EBITDA | 34,949 | 32,723 | 29,206 | 6,176 | 5,388 | 4,806
in $ millions | 2023 | 2022 | 2021
Adjusted EBITDA | 6,176 | 5,388 | 4,806
Depreciation, depletion and amortization | (1,633) | (1,552) | (1,479)
Loss on impairments (i) | (357) | – | –
Interest income | 206 | 65 | –
Interest expense | (376) | (344) | (315)
(Loss) gain on divestitures (ii) | – | (99) | 78
Pension income excluding current service cost component (ii) | 3 | 30 | 9
Other interest, net (ii) | (5) | – | 3
Substantial acquisition-related costs | – | (27) | –
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments | 4,014 | 3,461 | 3,102
(i) For the year ended December 31, 2023, the total loss on impairments comprised of $62 million within Americas Materials Solutions and $295 million within Europe Materials Solutions. (ii) (Loss) gain on divestitures, pension income excluding current service cost component and other interest, net have been included in Other nonoperating (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Depreciation, depletion and amortization for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:
in $ millions | 2023 | 2022 | 2021
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  |
Americas Materials Solutions | 781 | 777 | 750
Americas Building Solutions | 299 | 236 | 155
Europe Materials Solutions | 464 | 466 | 490
Europe Building Solutions | 89 | 73 | 84
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization | 1,633 | 1,552 | 1,479
There was no (loss) gain on divestitures for the year ended December 31, 2023. The (loss) gain on divestitures for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:
in $ millions |  | 2022 | 2021
(Loss) gain on divestitures |  |  |
Americas Materials Solutions |  | – | 104
Americas Building Solutions |  | – | (25)
Europe Materials Solutions |  | (99) | 3
Europe Building Solutions |  | – | (4)
Total (loss) gain on divestitures |  | (99) | 78
The segment assets at December 31 were:
in $ millions | 2023 | 2022
Assets |  |
Americas Materials Solutions | 17,534 | 17,615
Americas Building Solutions | 7,961 | 7,749
Europe Materials Solutions | 10,983 | 10,947
Europe Building Solutions | 2,390 | 2,193
Total assets for reportable segments | 38,868 | 38,504
Cash and cash equivalents | 6,341 | 5,936
Other current assets, excluding segment assets | 193 | 134
Equity method investments | 620 | 649
Assets held for sale | 1,268 | –
Other noncurrent assets, excluding segment assets | 179 | 96
Total assets as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | 47,469 | 45,319
The segment liabilities at December 31 were:
in $ millions | 2023 | 2022
Liabilities |  |
Americas Materials Solutions | 3,349 | 2,908
Americas Building Solutions | 1,770 | 1,567
Europe Materials Solutions | 4,096 | 3,522
Europe Building Solutions | 954 | 886
Total liabilities for reportable segments | 10,169 | 8,883
Other current liabilities, excluding segment liabilities | 156 | 193
Total debt | 11,642 | 9,636
Deferred income tax liabilities | 2,738 | 2,885
Liabilities held for sale | 375 | –
Other noncurrent liabilities, excluding segment liabilities | 768 | 682
Total liabilities as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets | 25,848 | 22,279
Additions to property, plant and equipment for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:
in $ millions | 2023 | 2022 | 2021
Property, plant and equipment additions (i) |  |  |
Americas Materials Solutions | 854 | 715 | 727
Americas Building Solutions | 360 | 259 | 206
Europe Materials Solutions | 553 | 460 | 510
Europe Building Solutions | 111 | 99 | 97
Total property, plant and equipment additions | 1,878 | 1,533 | 1,540
(i) Property, plant and equipment additions exclude asset retirement cost additions. Long-lived assets by geographic area at December 31 were:
in $ millions | 2023 | 2022
Long-lived assets by geographical area (i) |  |
Republic of Ireland | 421 | 487
United Kingdom | 1,786 | 1,691
United States | 10,821 | 10,916
Other | 6,105 | 5,849
Total long-lived assets by geographical area | 19,133 | 18,943
(i) Long-lived assets comprise property, plant and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets. Information about major customers There are no material dependencies or concentrations of individual customers that require disclosure. The individual entities within the Company have a large number of customers spread across various activities, end-users and geographies.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 22 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-15 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 31 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 42 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (f) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 40 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//280/tableOfContent Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 26 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-26 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 34 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-34 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 41 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32 + Details
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