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Share-based compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Share-based Compensation Expense
The share-based compensation for these plans for the years ended December 31 was:

in $ millions202320222021
Performance Share Plan expense 12097106
Share Option expense 332
Total share-based compensation123100108
Schedule of Details of Awards Granted Under Performance Share Plan
The details of the awards granted under the PSP for the year ended December 31, 2023 were:

Number of sharesWeighted average grant date fair value
Shares in whole numbersAmounts in $Amounts in €
Outstanding at beginning of year10,178,94036.2532.52
Granted2,979,81848.5545.57
Forfeited(356,840)37.4533.97
Vested(2,985,299)30.9527.70
Outstanding at end of year9,816,61941.5637.90
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions
The fair value assigned to the portion of awards subject to a TSR performance metric was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation model, at the grant date, taking account of peer group TSR, volatilities and correlations together with the following assumptions:
202320222021
Risk-free interest rate (%)3.16 0.51 (0.56)
Expected volatility (%)28.9 36.9 35.1 
Schedule of Valuation Assumptions
The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the options issued under the Share Options Schemes with three-year and five-year savings periods at December 31 were:

20222021
3-year5-year3-year5-year
Risk-free interest rate (%)2.08 2.24 (0.61)(0.43)
Expected dividend payments over the expected life (€)4.067.053.255.65
Expected volatility (%)26.4 24.2 23.5 21.2 
Expected life term (years)3535