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Annual Report
for 2023
This document is a translation of the original Croatian version and is intended to be used for informational purposes only. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the translation, please note that the Croatian original is binding.
Note: The report in PDF format is an unofficial report, while the official version of the annual report, in accordance with the Capital Market Act, has been prepared and publicly available in accordance with the unique electronic reporting format (ESEF - European Single Electronic Format).
Contents
Management Report for 2023…………..……………………………………………………………………..……………………..…3
Corporate Governance Statement………………………….……………………………………………………………………..…10
Consolidated and separate financial statements for 2023………………………..…………….…………………….….16
Statements prescribed by the Ordinance of the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency.…..195
CROATIA osiguranje d.d.
Management Report for 2023
Operating results and financial position of the Company and the Group
Company
From the 1 January 2023, the new international financial reporting standard – Insurance contracts (IFRS 17) is applied. Standard affects a different way of calculating key business indicators such as revenue, combined ratio and net profit. The introduction of the standard is new for the entire insurance industry in the Republic of Croatia, consequently the calculation of the market size and market share according to the new standard is not available at the date of issuing these financial statements.
Due to positive market trends, better investment result had the greatest positive impact on the operations of CROATIA osiguranje d.d. Despite the inflationary pressures and devastating storms that hit Croatia and Slovenia in the summer of 2023, causing material damage in the amount of more than EUR 35 million, CROATIA osiguranje d.d. achieved an increase in profit before tax compared to last year.
Positive market trends due to the growth in interest rates as well as timely implemented measures regarding cost reduction in administration costs ultimately led to an increase in the Company's pre-tax profit to the amount of EUR 55.1 million, which is a growth of 2 percent, i.e. by EUR 1.1 million compared to last year. Net profit grew by a similar percentage and for 2023 it amounts to EUR 46.9 million.
Total income from insurance contracts amounted to EUR 395.4m and increased by 10.7 percent.
The total non-life insurance income amounted to EUR 388.9m and increased by 10.6 percent compared to the same period of the previous year.
Life insurance contracts and almost all types of non-life insurance contracts achieved nominal growth (except property).
Investment results in non-life and life segment achieved amount of EUR 52.2 million, which is 24.2 percent more compared to the previous year.
Claims amounted to EUR 257.7 million and have a growing trend compared to last year.
Other expenses from the insurance services amounted to EUR 60.3 million and increased by 4.9 percent compared to the previous year. Commissions and other expenses related to the sale of insurance amount to EUR 78.4 million and increased by 3.2 percent compared to the previous year.
Total assets of the Company as at 31 December 2023 amounted to EUR 1.5 billion, which represents an increase of 4.2 percent compared to 31 December 2022.
Liabilities from insurance contracts amounted to EUR 732 million and increased by 4.2 percent compared to the liabilities from insurance contracts as of 31 December 2022.
Group
In 2023, the CROATIA osiguranje d.d. group (hereinafter: the Group) generated consolidated profit after tax and non-controlling interest in the amount of EUR 58.4m.
In 2023, the total insurance income at the Group level amounted to EUR 476.4m, which represents an increase by 11.2 percent. The total non-life insurance income amounted EUR 464.1m and increased by 11.2 percent, while the total life insurance income amounted to EUR 12.2m and increased by 16.4 percent.
Investment results in non-life and life segment achieved a result in the amount of EUR 59.7 million, which is 22 percent more compared to the previous year.
Claims amounted to EUR 299.3 million and increased by 29.5 percent compared to the same period of the previous year.
Other expenses from the insurance services amounted to EUR 73 million and increased by 5.4 percent compared to the previous year. Commissions and other expenses related to the sale of insurance amount to EUR 94.4 million and increased by 5.4 percent compared to the previous year.
Total assets of the Group as at 31 December 2023 amounted to EUR 1.77 billion, which represents an increase of 5 percent compared to 31 December 2022.
Liabilities from insurance contracts amounted to EUR 862 million and increased by 4.7 percent compared to the liabilities from insurance contracts as of 31 December 2022.
Significant business events in the reporting period
CROATIA osiguranje continues with the process of raising operational excellence and expanding the network of polyclinics at the national level
CROATIA osiguranje d.d. remains the digital leader with investments exceeding EUR 7.5 million per year. The project of transition from the kuna to the euro was successfully completed, as well as the project of implementing the new accounting standard for insurance companies (IFRS 17). In May the Company launched Spektar, a unique package offer on the insurance market that enables savings and additional benefits for all household members by combining insurance policies within the household. In November, CROATIA osiguranje d.d., the first in Europe, presented the innovation of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the assessment of damage to motor vehicles. It is a sophisticated digital system that enables damage to be resolved in less than three minutes. The automated assessment system relies on the already implemented damage report via QR code, which allows clients to report damage in just a few minutes, without the need for physical documentation. More than EUR 400 thousand were invested in the new assessment center and the development of the AI platform.
The digital business segment recorded new positive results in the 2023. Realised premium from total digital business increased by 27 percent compared to the same period last year, while the number of clients using the Moja Croatia mobile application increased by 14 percent. LAQO, Croatia's digital brand, achieved premium growth of 64 percent compared to the same period last year. In March 2023, Laqo presented the world's first Insurance Museum in the metaverse.
CROATIA osiguranje d.d. investments in healthcare in the last three years amounts to around EUR 20m. In 2023 Croatia Poliklinika recorded an increase in revenue from its core business by 55 percent compared to the same period in 2022. In 2023, three new Croatia Polyclinics were opened in Osijek, Zadar and Varaždin, which achieved the strategic goal of providing top medical services to residents throughout Croatia. Patients are most satisfied with the friendliness and engagement of Croatia Poliklinika doctors, which was pointed out by 97 percent of patients who use the services of Croatia Poliklinika an average of 3.7 times a year. This is a confirmation that the high standard of modern medical services of Croatia Poliklinika is recognized by numerous patients.
In cooperation with the global IT company Liferay, a new innovative digital platform for sales representatives (advanced agent portal) is being developed and implemented, which will improve the user experience and increase the quality of service to the client.
The fourth generation of participants was enrolled in the postgraduate specialist study "Products, digital innovations and technologies in insurance - INSURTECH", which was launched by the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing in Zagreb in cooperation with CROATIA osiguranje d.d. CROATIA osiguranje d.d. and Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb signed an agreement on cooperation on the newly launched innovative educational module Economic Analytics. It is a four-semester module in which students will acquire a combination of knowledge and skills with the aim of increasing their own competitiveness on the labor market.
The employee volunteering campaign "Day for more" was launched. In the first semester it was focused on voluntary blood donation, and in the second semester on the afforestation campaign. CROATIA's employees collected 67 doses of blood, and then, through the afforestation campaign as part of the "Day for More", they restored 2,000 square meters of forest areas by planting 2,000 saplings of alder oak and beech.
In the area of improving the organizational culture, CROATIA osiguranje became the first insurance company in Croatia to become part of the MAMFORCE community. The MAMFORCE method is a strategic organizational management tool that provides support in creating a supportive workplace based on open communication, trust and respect for the diversity of employees.
Support for small local sports clubs and the Croatian national football team continued, and during the year the work of more than 70 sports associations throughout Croatia was supported. Croatia is still a proud sponsor of the Croatian national football team.
Four CROATIA osiguranje communication projects were awarded at the Communication Days, while Croatia's Brigometar, a unique interactive platform driven by artificial intelligence that aims to raise awareness of the importance of mental health care, was presented at the Venice Biennale of Architecture.
CROATIA osiguranje and LAQO won the first prize in the "Best user experience" category, which is traditionally awarded by the CX.hr portal. The awards are given to the best contact centers, but also to the employees themselves who show excellent results in the field of improving the user experience.
In November, CROATIA osiguranje won the prestigious annual Golden Kuna award for the most successful insurance company, which is awarded by the Croatian Chamber of Commerce to companies that have distinguished themselves with their business results and contribution to the Croatian economy.
Decision on the election of the member of Supervisory Board
On 14 March 2023, the General Assembly of CROATIA osiguranje d.d. was held at which the Decision was made on the election of Vitomir Palinec as a member of the Supervisory Board for a period of 4 years, with the beginning of the mandate on 20 June 2023, subject to the approval of HANFA. At the session held on 31 March 2023, the Administrative Council of HANFA passed resolution authorizing Vitomir Palinec to perform the function of member of the Supervisory Board of CROATIA osiguranje d.d., for a term of 20 June 2023 to 20 June 2027.
Geopolitical and macroeconomic situation, conflicts and challenges
The geopolitical situation in the world in 2023 is still without signs of calming down and significant improvement. There are no signs of a possible end to the war in Ukraine and the resulting sanctions against the Russian Federation. The company respects all introduced sanctions regulations and has no direct operations in insurance and reinsurance business with Russia and Ukraine, and reinsurance contracts through the Sanction & Embargo clause exempt reinsurance transactions with states under any sanctions. The insurance conditions on the direct side exclude damages caused by war. In October 2023, Hamas's attack on Israel caused new geopolitical stress, increasing tensions in a strategically sensitive, resource and traffic-extremely important area. Depending on the development of the situation, with the additional aggravating factor of the attacks carried out by the Houthis (members of the Yemeni Houthi tribe) on ships transporting cargo through the Red Sea, different scenarios and impacts on the world economy are possible. Even though inflation in the second half of 2023 in the EU and the USA began to show signs of weakening and prices grew at lower rates than before, primarily due to the restrictive measures of central banks, in the event of an escalation of the geopolitical situation different scenarios are possible, i.e. a new change in the inflationary trend and the risk of reduced economic growth.
The end of 2023 represented the end of the cycle of raising interest rates by the ECB and the FED, so if there are no new macroeconomic disturbances that would affect the growth of inflation rates, a slow lowering of the reference rates of central banks is expected from the second half of 2024 and the possible correction of interest curves that have been inverted recently. On the financial markets in December 2023 a drop in bond market yields was visible as a result of such expectations. Regardless of that, due to negative geopolitical events, there is considerable uncertainty in the macroeconomic sense. However, due to the high capitalization, i.e. the Company's solvency (SCR ratio of the Company as of 31 December 2023 was 308%), the results of the ORSA process show that the Group is resistant to various stressful circumstances and would continue to operate in accordance with the regulatory requirements.
Significant events after the end of the reporting date
On 19 January 2024, the Management Board and the Supervisory Board proposed to the General Assembly the payment of a dividend in the total amount of EUR 65,000,265.19, or EUR 151.27 per share. The Company has been operating successfully in the past years, with a growing level of profit and high capital adequacy rates. The Company was continuously highly capitalized (SCR ratio of the Company is 308%, i.e. at the consolidated level 262%, and includes capital reduction for foreseeable dividends), despite geopolitical disturbances, a period of high inflation and natural disasters. The entry of the Republic of Croatia into the Eurozone additionally contributed positively to the above indicator. Considering all the above, the Management Board believes that it is able to pay the dividend to its shareholders without disrupting the stability of operations and while maintaining a high level of capital adequacy.
The Company announced that the member of the Management Board, Vančo Balen, will leave the company by 30 June 2024 on personal request, for private reasons.
Expected development in the future
In addition to the previously mentioned geopolitical situation, the further development of the insurance market in the Republic of Croatia will be greatly influenced by climate change, inflation and rising wages, and the movement of interest rates.
2023 was a record warm year, causing extremely high temperatures and fires in large parts of Asia, Australia and South America, as well as significantly stronger cyclones and floods in North America and Europe. Accordingly, further tightening of the insurance and reinsurance policy around catastrophic and climate risks can be expected. Locally in Croatia, the occurrence of African swine fever further worsens the situation regarding reinsurance.
Although inflation in the Republic of Croatia is slowing down, it is one of the highest in the EU. This especially refers to the prices of food and all services. Inflation expectations for the year 2024 for the Republic of Croatia are between 3 percent and 4 percent (depending on the source). A major driver of inflation should be further pressure on wage corrections (change in the minimum wage from 1 January 2024). In accordance with the above, there is a high probability that there will be corrections in the prices of most insurances, as well as changes in insurance conditions.
The growth of life insurance is greatly influenced by the movement of interest rates. Although interest rates have recovered from extremely low yields during the pandemic, current expectations are that these rates will start falling again (inverted curve). Due to all the above, it is difficult to predict whether life insurance will continue to decline as in previous years or whether the market will finally turn around.
Research and development activities
The Company continuously monitors environmental events and invests in market research, directs and supports the activities of affiliated companies that are in the function of organic growth and recognition of business opportunities and realization of new acquisitions.
Company branch
As at 31 December 2023, the Company has one registered branch (Branch Ljubljana). In its legal transactions, the branch operates under CROATIA osiguranje d.d. branch Ljubljana, in Croatian, and under CROATIA ZAVAROVANJE d.d. branch Ljubljana, in Slovenian.
In accordance with the Company's decision, for the purpose of more efficient operations, the Company plans to close the Ljubljana branch on 31 March 2024. The Company will continue to operate in Slovenia with cross-border distribution of insurance based on the freedom to provide services in accordance with legal regulations, which means that CROATIA osiguranje d.d. continues to provide insurance services in registered types of insurance based on the freedom to provide services to all current and future corporate clients in Slovenia.
Financial risk management
Financial risk management is described in Note 2.33. Financial risk management to the Consolidated and separate financial statements for 2023.
Other
In accordance with the statutory obligation and the permitted exemption pursuant to Art. 21.a of the Accounting Act, the Company has prepared a nonfinancial report to be published as part of the annual financial report of the parent company Adris Grupa d.d.
During 2023, PricewaterhouseCoopers d.o.o. (PwC) provided educational services while in 2022 it provided educational and advisory services. During 2023 and 2022, Deloitte d.o.o. provided permitted tax advisory services.
Corporate Governance Statement
CROATIA osiguranje d.d., PIN 26187994862, Vatroslava Jagića 33, Zagreb (hereinafter: the Company), applies the Corporate Governance Code, which was jointly adopted by the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency (HANFA) and Zagreb Stock Exchange and is available on their web sites.
By applying the provisions of the Corporate Governance Code, Rules of the Zagreb Stock Exchange (which are available Zagreb Stock Exchange’s website), the Companies Act (Official Gazette 111/93, 34/99, 121/99, 52/00, 118/03, 107/07, 146/08, 137/09, 125/11, 152/11, 111/12, 68/13, 110/15; 40/19, 34/22, 114/22, 18/23, 130/23) and the Capital Market Act (Official Gazette 65/18, 17/20, 83/21, 151/22), the Company makes its operations and operating results transparent and accessible to the public. All explanations and possible deviations from the above rules are going to be published in the Compliance Questionnaire, in accordance with the Corporate Governance Code.
In order to take the necessary measures to achieve its business objectives, the Company has established a system of internal controls as a totality of elements: an adequate organisational structure, an implemented management system with the establishment of key and control functions, prescribed control activities for portfolio management, administrative and accounting procedures, security and adequate information system including a reporting system at all levels of the Company.
The system of internal controls in financial reporting ensures that the Company’s financial statements present its financial results and financial position with reasonable accuracy and that they comply with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
The Company’s accounting policies represent the principles, rules and practices that the Company applies in preparing and presenting financial statements. The Company’s accounting policies are defined by a special Rulebook. A summary of significant accounting policies is disclosed in the Company’s financial statements.
The internal accounting control procedures include the control of formal, substantive and computational accuracy of an accounting document:
- Control of formal accuracy of an accounting document determines whether the document has been prepared in accordance with applicable regulations,
- Substantive control of an accounting document determines whether the business changes actually occurred and in the range as indicated,
- Control of computational accuracy of an accounting document means the control of mathematical operations (division, multiplication, addition and subtraction), based on which the results are obtained in the document.
The control of accounting documents is carried out in accordance with the Company’s organizational structure and internal regulations by a person holding authorisation to do so as defined in the internal documents of the Company. The organisational chart is located on the internal network and is available to all employees.
In accordance with the provisions of the Insurance Act, the Company has formed an internal audit function at the highest organizational level which structurally reports directly to the Management Board and functionally to the Audit Committee and the Supervisory Board. Activities of the internal audit function are based on the work plans adopted by the Supervisory Board following a positive opinion of the Management Board. The internal audit function analyses and evaluates the activities of the Company and provides expert advice, recommendations and advice on controls. Internal audit assists the Company in meeting the set goals by introducing a systematic and disciplined approach to assessing and improving the effectiveness of risk management, control and corporate governance.
The Company has established a risk management function in the form of an independent organisational unit directly responsible to the Management Board. This function established a risk management system consisting of a set of internal acts, procedures and methodologies to identify, estimate or measure, control and report risks. The risk management system is regularly being improved in line with best market practices and the requirements of external regulations. More detailed information on risk management can be found in the Notes to the financial statements.
In accordance with the Insurance Act, the Company has formed an effective compliance function which includes advising and reporting to the Management Board and Supervisory Board on Company compliance with the Insurance Act and other regulations governing the operation of an insurance company, carrying out an assessment of the possible impact of changes in the legal environment on Company operations, and determining and assessing compliance risk.
The Company has established an effective actuarial function that according to the Insurance Act coordinates calculation of technical reserves, ensures the appropriateness of methodologies and models, evaluates the adequacy and quality of data needed to evaluate technical reserves, compares the assumptions and experience, and gives its opinion to the Management Board and Supervisory Board about calculating technical reserves, insurance risk takeovers, the appropriateness of the reinsurance program and participation of actuarial function in the implementation of the Company’s risk management system.
In accordance with the Insurance Act, the Company has appointed a certified actuary who verifies data, methods and underlying documents for the calculation of technical provisions according to accounting regulations, and whether the technical provisions and premiums are designed to enable a permanent fulfilment of all Company obligations under the insurance or reinsurance contract regarding which the actuary provides an Opinion and Report to the Management Board and Supervisory Board.
Under the Insurance Act, the Company applies internal control systems to Group companies involved in the insurance part of business, while the companies concerned apply systems of internal controls in accordance with its legal framework.
As at 31 December 2023, significant direct holders of shares in the Company are:
ADRIS GRUPA d.d. with a share of 66.96% and
Restructuring and Sales Centre, for the Republic of Croatia, with a share of 30.1%.
The data on the 10 largest shareholders is available on the website of the Central Depository and Clearing Company.
According to the Company’s applicable Articles of Association, the limitation of voting rights of shareholders or partial restriction of voting rights does not exist.
The members of the Management Board and the Supervisory Board are not shareholders of the Company.
The Company does not own treasury shares, and the General Assembly did not authorise the Company to acquire treasury shares.
The bodies of the Company are the General Assembly, the Supervisory Board and the Management Board.
General Assembly
The General Assembly of the Company consists of all shareholders of the Company.
The General Assembly of the Company, in accordance with the provisions of the Articles of Association, makes decisions by public voting at sessions, convened usually by the Management Board and the Supervisory Board only when it deemed this necessary for the benefit of the Company. The powers of the General Assembly are regulated by the Company’s Articles of Association and do not deviate from the powers which General Assembly of a public limited company has under the Companies Acts. A shareholder has the right to participate and vote at the General Assembly only if he / she has registered his / her participation in writing to the Management Board no later than six days before the General Assembly.
The Company's Articles of Association may be amended at the General Assembly in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, and the Supervisory Board is authorized to amend the provisions of the Articles of Association based on the decision of the General Assembly to the extent of editorial changes.
Supervisory Board
The right to appoint individual members of the Supervisory Board are set out in Article 24 of the Articles of Association in favour of the Republic of Croatia and employees of the Company. In accordance with the provisions of the Articles of Association, and in connection with the provision of Article 256, paragraph 3 of the Companies Act, the Republic of Croatia has the right to directly appoint two members of the Supervisory Board, as long as it holds at least 25% of the Company’s ordinary shares plus one ordinary share; however, as long as it holds at least 10% of ordinary shares of the Company, pursuant to the same statutory provisions, and in connection with the provision of Article 256 paragraph 3 of the Companies Act, the Republic of Croatia has the right to directly appoint one member of the Supervisory Board. One member of the Supervisory Board is appointed by the work council of the Company, i.e. by employees, through direct and secret elections in the manner prescribed for the election by the work council, and they are entitled to this right as long as the conditions prescribed by the Labour Act are met. The remaining 4 (four) members, ie the remaining 5 (five) members of the Supervisory Board are elected by the General Assembly of the Company.
The Supervisory Board has competencies prescribed by law and the Company's Articles of Association.
In the period from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023, the Supervisory Board of the Company consisted of:

 Roberto Škopac | President
 Željko Lovrinčević, PhD | Vice President
 Vitomir Palinec* | Member
 Hrvoje Patajac | Member
 Zoran Barac, PhD | Member
 Hrvoje Šimović, PhD | Member
 Pero Kovačić | Member

* The previous mandate of Vitomir Palinec ended on 19 June 2023 and was re-elected as a member of the Supervisory Board at the General Assembly of the Company held on 14 March 2023, with the beginning of the mandate from 20 June 2023.
During 2023, the Supervisory Board held a total of 13 meetings, and all members of the Supervisory Board attended all meetings of the Supervisory Board during 2023.
The Supervisory Board formed the Audit Committee and the Nomination and Remuneration Committee.
The Audit Committee consists of three members appointed by the Supervisory Board from among its members.
In the period from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023, the Audit Committee consisted of:

 Hrvoje Patajac | President
 Željko Lovrinčević, PhD | Member
 Vitomir Palinec* | Member

* By the decision of the Supervisory Board on the appointment of a member of the Audit Committee of CROATIA osiguranje d.d. from 16 June 2023, Vitomir Palinec was appointed as a member of the Audit Committee for a new mandate, from 20 June 2023 to 20 June 2027.
Report on the work of the Audit Committee for the period from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.
The Audit Committee is an expert body that provides support to the Supervisory Board in terms of improving the quality of supervision that the Supervisory Board is obliged to conduct in accordance with the prescribed competencies.
The Audit Committee performs the tasks determined by the Audit Committee’s Rules and Procedures, and in accordance with the provisions of the Audit Act, Regulation (EU) no. 537/2014, Code of Corporate Governance of the Zagreb Stock Exchange d.d. and the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency and other applicable regulations. The task description of the Audit Committee is publicly available, free of charge, on the website of CROATIA osiguranje d.d.
The organization and manner of work of the Audit Committee are regulated in more detail by the Audit Committee’s Rules and Procedures.
During 2023, the Audit Committee held a total of 6 sessions and all members of the Audit Committee attended all sessions of the Audit Committee during 2023.
At its sessions during 2023, the Audit Committee discussed the following:
–Report on own risk and solvency assessment for 2022;
–Report on the adequacy of the procedures and effectiveness of the internal control system;
–strategic and annual internal audit plan;
–internal audit reports;
–actuarial function reports;
–consolidated and non-consolidated financial statements;
–Solvency and financial condition report of the CROATIA osiguranje Group;
–Related party report of CROATIA osiguranje d.d;,
–audit engagement for 2023;
–Quality Assurance and Improvement Program (QAIP) and Reports on the results of the Quality Assurance and Improvement Program (QAIP);
–Charter of Internal Audit CROATIA osiguranje d.d.;
–annual risk management report;
–Internal control system policy;
–Investment limits of CROATIA osiguranje d.d.;
–Risk management strategies;
–Policy of self-assessment of risk and solvency;
–Risk management policy;
–Report on the solvency and financial condition of CROATIA osiguranje d.d. for the year 2022;
–Auditor’s report on the audit status of financial statements;
–the effectiveness of procedures for approving and publishing transactions of members of the Management Board or the Supervisory Board of the Company with the Company (or persons related to any party).
The Audit Committee regularly reported to the Supervisory Board on the recommendations made at its meetings in form of the submitted minutes of the Committee meetings.
The Nomination and Remuneration Committee consists of three members appointed by the Supervisory Board from among its members.
In the period from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023, Nomination and Remuneration Committee consisted of:

Roberto Škopac | President
Vitomir Palinec* | Member
Hrvoje Patajac | Member

*By decision of the Supervisory Board on the appointment of members of the Appointments and Remuneration Committee of CROATIA osiguranje d.d.as of 16 June 2023, Vitomir Palinec were appointed member of the Appointments and Remuneration Committee for a new mandate, as of 20 June 2023 until 20 June 2027.
Report on the work of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee for the period from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023.
The Nomination and Remuneration Committee is an expert body that provides support to the Supervisory Board in terms of improving the quality of supervision that the Supervisory Board is obliged to carry out in accordance with the prescribed competencies.
The Nomination and Remuneration Committee performs tasks determined by the Decision of the Supervisory Board on the establishment of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee and the appointment of the members of the Committee, and in accordance with the provisions of the Corporate Governance Code of the Zagreb Stock Exchange and the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency applicable to the role of the Board. The task description of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee is publicly available, free of charge, on the website of CROATIA osiguranje d.d.
The Committee on Appointments and Remuneration shall apply the Rules of Procedure of the Supervisory Board to the manner of work, as well as to other issues that are important for the work of the Committee.
During 2023, the Nomination and Remuneration Committee held a total of 7 sessions, and all members of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee attended all sessions of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee in 2023.
At its sessions during 2023, the Nomination and Receipts Committee performed the following tasks:
–consideration of the initial assessment and assessment of the existence of conditions for performing the function of a member of the Supervisory Board;
–consideration of the proposed Decision on compensation for the work of members of the Supervisory Board of CROATIA osiguranje d.d.;
–consideration of annual assessments of the existence of conditions for performing the function of a member of the Management Board of CROATIA osiguranje d.d.;
–consideration of the proposal of the Decision on the adoption of the Report on renumeration for 2022 and determination of the proposal of the Decision of the General Assembly on the approval of the Report on remuneration for 2022;
–consideration of the proposal of the Decision on payment of bonuses for 2022 to the members of the Management Board of CROATIA osiguranje d.d.;
–consideration of the Remuneration Policy;
–revaluation of the balance of remuneration of CROATIA osiguranje d.d.;
–consideration of the analysis of compensation packages in relation to the data from the relevant Remuneration reports in Croatia in 2022.
The Nomination and Remuneration Committee regularly reported to the Supervisory Board on the recommendations made at its meetings, in form of the submitted minutes from the Committee meetings.
Management Board
According to the Company’s Articles of Association, the Management Board consists of a minimum of three and a maximum of seven members, one of whom is the President of the Management Board. As of 31 December 2023, the Management Board consisted of four members.
The Management Board of the Company manages all the affairs of the Company jointly, and the Company is represented jointly by at least two members of the Management Board. Members of the Management Board, in conducting the Company’s affairs, must adhere to the restrictions prescribed by positive legal regulations, the Company’s Articles of Association, decisions of the Supervisory Board and the General Assembly of the Company.
In the period from 1 January 2023 to 8 April 2024, the Management Board of the Company operated as follows:

 Davor Tomašković | President
 Robert Vučković | Member
 Luka Babić | Member
 Vančo Balen | Member

During 2023, the Company actively implemented measures to promote gender equality at the Company’s overall level. The focus was placed on equal terms in terms of sex and age in the implementation of the recruitment process as well as internal redistribution of workers. Equal criteria applied to the recruitment of employees for management positions of the Company. There are also no differences in salaries for the same type of work or work of equal value. On all levels we are recording equal representation of experts regardless of sex and age parameters. With respect to the professional criteria, the Company applies the strategy of recruiting and developing the management functions of the appropriate profession and level of education in relation to the nature of the function and its requirements. The Company also continuously carries out education and training of employees for the purpose of further improvement and development of competencies.
Consolidated and separate financial statements
for 2023
Responsibility for the Annual report
The Management Board of the Company is required to prepare separate and consolidated financial statements for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company and the Group and the results of their operations and cash flow, in accordance with applicable accounting standards, and is responsible for keeping proper accounting records so that it can, at any time, enable the preparation of financial statements. The Management Board has a general responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably available to safeguard the assets of the Company and Group and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities.
The Management Board is responsible for selecting suitable accounting policies that are in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted in the European Union and then applying them consistently; adopting reasonable and prudent judgments and estimates; and preparing the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company and the Group will continue in business.
In accordance with Accounting Act, the Management Board is obliged to prepare an Annual report of the Company and the Group comprising the Annual financial statements, Management Report and Corporate Governance Statement. Management Report and Corporate Governance Statement have been prepared in line with the requirements of Article 21, 22 and 24 of the Accounting Act.
The Management Board is responsible for submitting the Annual report of the Company and the Group, which includes the Annual financial statements, to the Supervisory Board, following which the Supervisory Board should approve these for submitting to the General Assembly for acceptance.
The separate and consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted in the European Union and which are presented on the following pages, as well as the forms, prepared in accordance with the Ordinance on the structure and content of financial statements and additional reports of insurance and reinsurance companies (Official Gazette 20/23) adopted by the Croatian Financial Services Supervision Agency were approved by the Management Board on 8 April 2024 and submitted for issue to the Supervisory Board. In acknowledgment, the financial statements have been signed by the Company’s authorized persons, as follows.
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT
To the Shareholders of CROATIA osiguranje d.d., Zagreb
Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements
Opinion
We have audited the separate financial statements of Croatia osiguranje d.d. (the Company) and consolidated financial statements of the Croatia osiguranje d.d. and its subsidiaries (the Group) which comprise the separate and the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 st December 2023, the separate and the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the separate and the consolidated statement of changes in equity and the separate and the consolidated cash flow statement for the year then ended, and notes to the separate and the consolidated financial statements, including material accounting policy information.
In our opinion, the accompanying separate and consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and the Group as at 31 st December 2023, and its financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union (“I FRS”).
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and Regulation (EU) 537/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council, dated 16 April 2014, on specific requirements regarding statutory audit of public-interest entities. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate and the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company and the Group in accordance with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants’ International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, including International Independence Standards (IESBA Code) and we have fulfilled our ethical responsibilities in accordance with the IESBA Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Key Audit Matter
Key audit matter is that matter that, in our professional judgment, was of most significance in our audit of the separate and the consolidated financial statements of the current period. This matter was addressed in the context of our audit of the separate and the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on this matter.
This version of the auditor`s report is translation from the original, which was prepared in the Croatian language. All possible care has been taken to ensure that the translation is an accurate representation of the original. However, in all matters of interpretation of information, views or opinions, the original language version of the report takes precedence over this translation.
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT (continued)
Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements (continued)
Key audit matter (continued)

Valuation of assets and liabilities from insurance contracts
For accounting policies please see description of key assumptions, methodologies and models used in the measurement of assets and liabilities from insurance contract presented in Note 2.22. Insurance contracts that have a material effect on the amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows of the financial statements.
Key audit matter
Insurance contracts represent a significant component of financial statements, reflecting the financial obligations and uncertainties arising from the Company's and Group's insurance activities. The valuation of assets and liabilities from insurance contracts is crucial as it directly impacts the financial position, performance, and overall risk profile of the Company and the Group. The adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard (‘IFRS’) 17 Insurance Contracts, effective from 1 st January 2023, has introduced a fundamental change in how assets and liabilities arising from insurance contracts are measured and presented. As IFRS 17 replaced the previous standard IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts, it also introduced a new comprehensive framework for the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of insurance contracts aiming to provide users of financial statements with improved transparency and comparability regarding the financial performance and risk exposure of insurance activities. The implementation of IFRS 17 has presented significant changes and complexities to the measurement of assets and liabilities from insurance contracts, impacting various account balances and classes of transactions. Under IFRS 17, insurance contracts, that meet the scoping criteria of the Standard, are required to be valued using specific measurement models such as the General Measurement Model (‘GMM’), the Variable Fee Approach (‘VFA’), or the Premium Allocation Approach (‘PAA’). The valuation process involves estimating the present value of expected future cash flows, incorporating both financial and non-financial risks, with a particular focus on the contractual service margin (‘CSM’) in GMM and VFA. The transition to IFRS 17 required substantial changes to internal systems, processes, and controls, introducing a heightened level of management judgment and discretion in estimating insurance assets and liabilities. In its financial statements, the Company and the Group have presented the transition effect of the IFRS 17 adoption that comprises a positive effect on the shareholders’ equity in the amount of 41,110 thousand EUR and 37,406 thousand EUR respectively as at transition date 1 st January 2022, and a positive effect on the income statement in the amount of 4,086 thousand EUR and 8,018 thousand EUR respectively for the year ending 31 st December 2022. The process of valuation of assets and liabilities from insurance contracts involves significant management judgment in developing and using input data within the actuarial calculation models. This judgement is reliant on various factors, including historical trends, future expectations, internal and external variables, any of which could significantly impact the value of these assets and liabilities. There is also a high degree of complexity due to the numerous assumptions and actuarial valuation models applied with key assumptions including but not limited to estimation of risk adjustment return on investment, interest rates, costs, mortality, longevity, withdrawal assumptions, damage quotas and cost quotas being integral to the valuation. Considering the pervasive complexities of the overall valuation process and the specific challenges associated with the transition to IFRS 17, we consider the valuation of assets and liabilities from insurance contracts in accordance with IFRS 17 a key audit matter for our audit of the financial statements.

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT (continued)
Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements (continued)
Key audit matter (continued)

Key audit matter (continued)
How we addressed the key audit matter:
To address the risks associated with the valuation of assets and liabilities from insurance contracts identified as a key audit matter, we designed audit procedures that enabled us to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence for our conclusion on that matter. For the valuation of the assets and liabilities from insurance contracts, we performed the following audit procedures with the use of our own actuarial experts: Review of the IFRS 17 Adoption Process Gaining an understanding of the processes to estimate the transition effect and understanding relevant controls over the transition process; Assessing the first-time adoption of IFRS 17, including identification of groups of contracts, determination of the appropriate measurement models, establishment of specific levels of aggregation and methodology elections to ensure conformity with requirements of IFRS 17; Analyzing documentation supporting application choices for the identification of the group of contracts and consequent valuation models adopted at the transition date. Evaluation of internal controls Gaining an understanding of the control environment and relevant internal controls by the Management in the valuation process of assets and liabilities from insurance contracts, including the applications and information technology tools used; Evaluating the adequacy of the design and verifying the implementation of identified relevant internal controls; Testing the operating effectiveness of identified relevant internal controls. Test of actuarial models Testing the reliability and accuracy of relevant actuarial models used for the valuation of assets and liabilities from insurance contracts; Verifying mathematical calculations, logic, and appropriateness of relevant actuarial model’s inputs; Reviewing and verifying projected cash flows and assumptions used in the actuarial models on a sample basis. Assessment of management assumptions Reviewing key technical and accounting decisions, judgments and assumptions made by the Management; Reviewing sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of changes in key assumptions on the valuation of assets and liabilities from insurance contracts and CSM. Review of disclosures in the financial statements Verifying completeness and accuracy of the disclosures made in the financial statements in accordance with the requirements of the IFRS.

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT (continued)
Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements (continued)
Other Information
Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report, but does not include the separate and the consolidated financial statements and our auditor’s report.
Our opinion on the separate and the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information.
In connection with our audit of the separate and the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the separate and the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. With respect to the Management Report and the Corporate Governance Statement, which is included in the Annual Report, we have also performed the procedures prescribed by the Accounting Act. These procedures include examination of whether the Management Report include required disclosures as set out in the Articles 21 and 24 of the Accounting Act and whether the Corporate Governance Statement includes the information specified in the Articles 22 and 24 of the Accounting Act.
Based on the procedures performed during our audit, to the extent we are able to assess it, we report that:

- 1) Information included in the other information is, in all material respects, consistent with the attached separate and consolidated financial statements.
- 2) Management Report has been prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the Articles 21 and 24 of the Accounting Act.
- 3) Corporate Governance Statement has been prepared, in all material aspects, in accordance with the Articles 22 and 24 of the Accounting Act.

Based on the knowledge and understanding of the Company and the Group and its environment, which we gained during our audit of the separate and the consolidated financial statements, we have not identified material misstatements in the other information.
Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Separate and the Consolidated Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the separate and the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRSs and for such internal control as Management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of separate and consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the separate and the consolidated financial statements, Management is responsible for assessing the Company’s and the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless Management either intends to liquidate the Company or the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company’s and the Group’s financial reporting process.
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate and the Consolidated Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the separate and the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT (continued)
Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements (continued)
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate and the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these separate and consolidated financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

- Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the separate and the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
- Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s and the Group's internal controls.
- Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by Management.
- Conclude on the appropriateness of Management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s and the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the separate and the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company and the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.
- Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the separate and the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the separate and the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
- Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, actions taken to eliminate threats or safeguards applied.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the separate and the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (continued)
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
Report based on the requirements of Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 2018/815 amending Directive No. 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards regulatory technical standards for the specification of the uniform electronic format for reporting (ESEF)
Auditor’s reasonable assurance report on the compliance of separate and consolidated financial statements (financial statements), prepared based on the provision of Article 462 (5) of the Capital Market Act by applying the requirements of the Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/815 specifying for the issuers a single electronic reporting format (“ESEF Regulation”). We conducted a reasonable assurance engagement on whether the financial statements of the Company the Group for the financial year ended 31 st December 2023 prepared to be made public pursuant to Article 462 (5) of the Capital Market Act, contained in the electronic file croatiaosiguranjedd-2023-12-31-en, have been prepared in all material aspects in accordance with the requirements of the ESEF Regulation.
Responsibilities of the Management and Those Charged with Governance
Management is responsible for the preparation and content of the financial statements in line with the ESEF Regulation.
In addition, Management is responsible for maintaining the internal controls system that reasonably ensures the preparation of financial statements without material differences with the reporting requirements from the ESEF Regulation, whether due to fraud or error.
Furthermore, Company Management is responsible for the following:

- public reporting of financial statements presented in the annual report in valid XHTML format
- selection and use of XBRL markups in line with the requirements of the ESEF Regulation.

Those charged with governance are responsible for supervising the preparation of financial statements in ESEF format as part of the financial reporting process.
Auditor’s Responsibilities
It is our responsibility to carry out a reasonable assurance engagement and, based on the audit evidence obtained, give our conclusion on whether the financial statements have been prepared without material differences with the requirements from the ESEF Regulation. We conducted our reasonable assurance engagement in accordance with the International Standard on Assurance Engagements 3000 (Revised) – Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information (ISAE 3000). This standard requires that we plan and perform the engagement to obtain reasonable assurance for providing a conclusion.
Quality management
We have conducted the engagement in compliance with independence and ethical requirements as provided by the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) issued by the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants. The code is based on the principles of integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due diligence, confidentiality, and professional conduct. We comply with the International Standard on Quality Management 1, Quality Management for Firms that Perform Audits and Reviews of Financial Statements, and Other Assurance and Related Services Engagements (ISQM 1) and accordingly maintain an overall management control system, including documented policies and procedures regarding compliance with ethical requirements, professional standards, and applicable legal and statutory requirements.
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (continued)
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements (continued)
Report based on the requirements of Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 2018/815 amending Directive No. 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards regulatory technical standards for the specification of the uniform electronic format for reporting (ESEF) (continued)
Procedures performed
As part of the selected procedures, we have conducted the following activities:

- We have read the requirements of the ESEF Regulation;
- We have gained an understanding of internal controls of the Company and the Group, relevant for the application of the ESEF Regulation requirements;
- We have identified and assessed the risks of material differences with the ESEF Regulation due to fraud or error;
- We have devised and designed procedures for responding to estimated risks and obtaining reasonable assurance in order to give our conclusion.

Our procedures focused on assessing whether:

- Financial statements included in the separate and the consolidated report have been prepared in valid XHTML format;
- Data included in the separate and the consolidated financial statements required by the ESEF Regulation have been marked up and meet all of the following requirements:
  - XBRL has been used for markups.
  - Core taxonomy elements stipulated in the ESEF Regulation with the closest accounting meaning were used unless an extension taxonomy element was created in line with the Annex IV of the ESEF Regulation;
  - Markups comply with the common rules on markups in line with the ESEF Regulation.

We believe the evidence we obtained to be sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our conclusion.
Conclusion
We believe that, based on the procedures performed and evidence obtained, the financial statements of the Company and the Group presented in the ESEF format, contained in the aforementioned electronic file, and based on the provision of Article 462 (5) of the Capital Market Act, have been prepared to be published for public, in all material aspects in accordance with the requirements of articles 3, 4 and 6 of the ESEF Regulation for the year ended 31 st December 2023.
In addition to this conclusion, as well as the audit opinion contained in this Independent Auditor's Report for the accompanying financial statements and annual report for the year ended 31 st December 2023, we do not express any opinion on the information contained in these documents or other information contained in the above mentioned file.
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT (continued)
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements (continued)
Other reporting obligations as required by Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council and the Audit Act
We were appointed as the statutory auditor of the Company and the Group by the shareholders on General Shareholders’ Meeting held on 31 st May 2023 to perform audit of accompanying separate and consolidated financial statements. Our total uninterrupted engagement has lasted three years and covers period 1 st January 2021 to 31 st December 2023.
We confirm that:

- our audit opinion on the accompanying separate and consolidated financial statements is consistent with the additional report issued to the Audit Committee of the Company on 5 th April 2024 in accordance with the Article 11 of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council;

- no prohibited non-audit services referred to in the Article 5(1) of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council were provided.

T here are no services, in addition to the statutory audit, which we provided to the Company and its controlled undertakings, and which have not been disclosed in the Annual Report.
The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Goran Končar.
Statement of comprehensive income
for 2023

|  | Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| Note | 2023 | Restated 2022 |  | 2023 | Restated 2022
|  | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 |  | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000
Insurance revenue | 4 | 395,384 | 357,229 |  | 476,396 | 428,583
Insurance service expenses | 5 | (375,931) | (325,508) |  | (442,601) | (382,491)
Net result of (passive) reinsurance contracts |  | (7,677) | (11,308) |  | (8,542) | (13,433)
Result from insurance contracts |  | 11,776 | 20,413 |  | 25,253 | 32,659
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 6 | 27,224 | 23,128 |  | 30,793 | 25,686
Net gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 6 | 6,050 | (1,045) |  | 6,237 | (1,166)
Net impairment/release of impairment of financial assets | 6 | 2,019 | 1,103 |  | 1,493 | 1,161
Income from investment property | 6 | 4,691 | 4,943 |  | 16,780 | 13,927
Net exchange rate differences | 6 | (964) | 3,020 |  | (1,012) | 2,902
Other income/expenditure from investments | 6 | 13,193 | 10,890 |  | 5,470 | 6,538
Net investment income | 6 | 52,213 | 42,039 |  | 59,761 | 49,048
Net financial result from insurance contracts | 7 | (4,723) | 2,439 |  | (6,907) | 2,475
Net financial result from (passive) reinsurance contracts | 7 | 673 | 46 |  | 790 | 48
Net financial result from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts | 7 | (4,050) | 2,485 |  | (6,117) | 2,523
Other income | 8 | 5,653 | 7,250 |  | 30,629 | 28,603
Other financial expenses | 9 | (1,418) | (1,441) |  | (1,815) | (1,737)
Other operating expenses | 10 | (9,021) | (16,698) |  | (40,319) | (42,952)
Share of profit of companies consolidated using equity method, net of tax |  | - | - |  | 1,781 | 1,395
Profit before tax |  | 55,153 | 54,048 |  | 69,173 | 69,539
Income tax | 11 | (8,274) | (8,423) |  | (10,722) | (11,262)
Profit for the year |  | 46,879 | 45,625 |  | 58,451 | 58,277

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Statement of comprehensive income (continued)
for 2023

|  | Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| Note | 2023 | Restated 2022 |  | 2023 | Restated 2022
|  | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 |  | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000
Other comprehensive income for the year |  |  |  |  |  |
Items that will not be subsequently recognised in profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in fair value of equity securities (OCI) | 22.3/i/ | 19,096 | - |  | 19,096 | -
Change in fair value of property for own use, net of deferred tax |  | (112) | (128) |  | 38 | (53)
|  | 18,984 | (128) |  | 19,134 | (53)
Items that can be subsequently recognised in profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in fair value of debt securities (OCI) | 22.3/ii/ | 15,039 | (77,596) |  | 15,513 | (89,022)
Net change in fair value of equity securities classified as available-for-sale | 22.3/ii/ | - | 13,180 |  | - | 13,180
Foreign exchange differences | 22.3/ii/ | - | (9) |  | (6) | 155
Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts |  | (39,310) | 69,759 |  | (40,420) | 83,777
Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts |  | 945 | (2,214) |  | 965 | (2,329)
|  | (23,326) | 3,120 |  | (23,948) | 5,761
Other comprehensive (loss)/income for the year |  | (4,342) | 2,992 |  | (4,814) | 5,708
Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the year |  | 42,537 | 48,617 |  | 53,637 | 63,985
Profit attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Company shareholders |  | 46,879 | 45,625 |  | 58,380 | 58,199
- Non-controlling interest |  | - | - |  | 71 | 78
|  | 46,879 | 45,625 |  | 58,451 | 58,277
Total comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Company shareholders |  | 42,537 | 48,617 |  | 53,596 | 63,841
- Non-controlling interest |  | - | - |  | 41 | 144
|  | 42,537 | 48,617 |  | 53,637 | 63,985
Earnings per share attributable to the Company's shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted earnings per share (EUR) | 12 | - | - |  | 138.69 | 138.26

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Statement of financial position
as at 31 December 2023

|  | Company | Company | Company |  | Group | Group | Group
| Note | 31 Dec 2023 | Restated 31 Dec 2022 | Restated 1 Jan 2022 |  | 31 Dec 2023 | Restated 31 Dec 2022 | Restated 1 Jan 2022
|  | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 |  | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets | 13 | 15,767 | 15,418 | 17,747 |  | 19,391 | 17,784 | 19,157
Property at revaluation model | 14 | 25,693 | 25,929 | 26,831 |  | 58,548 | 57,681 | 56,191
Property and equipment at cost model | 14.1 | 36,954 | 38,244 | 39,047 |  | 61,942 | 52,986 | 51,967
Investment property | 15 | 67,926 | 69,394 | 69,561 |  | 138,689 | 138,440 | 142,272
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures | 16 | 54,531 | 51,512 | 50,992 |  | 10,123 | 9,659 | 9,611
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 17 | 49,917 | 41,205 | 34,601 |  | 54,438 | 42,917 | 36,495
Assets from insurance contracts | 17 | 16,997 | 22,924 | 19,718 |  | 16,997 | 22,924 | 19,718
Financial assets | 18 | 1,159,780 | 1,037,345 | 1,126,211 |  | 1,296,815 | 1,157,987 | 1,248,226
Financial assets at amortised cost | 18 | 351,439 | - | - |  | 394,241 | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 18 | 672,698 | - | - |  | 756,730 | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | 18 | 135,643 | 30,513 | 50,976 |  | 145,844 | 39,416 | 57,340
Held-to-maturity investments | 18 | - | 291,628 | 308,711 |  | - | 303,834 | 319,582
Available-for-sale financial assets | 18 | - | 647,933 | 685,806 |  | - | 726,177 | 772,574
Loans and receivables | 18 | - | 67,271 | 80,718 |  | - | 88,560 | 98,730
Deferred tax assets | 19 | - | - | - |  | 907 | 350 | 893
Current income tax assets |  | - | - | - |  | - | 418 | 462
Trade receivables and other receivables | 20 | 29,211 | 24,963 | 32,771 |  | 42,102 | 33,197 | 41,244
Cash and cash equivalents | 21 | 45,289 | 114,589 | 80,833 |  | 66,823 | 143,097 | 105,815
Total assets |  | 1,502,065 | 1,441,523 | 1,498,312 |  | 1,766,775 | 1,677,440 | 1,732,051
Capital and reserves |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscribed share capital | 22 | 78,296 | 78,217 | 78,217 |  | 78,296 | 78,217 | 78,217
Premium on issued shares |  | 90,448 | 90,448 | 90,448 |  | 90,448 | 90,448 | 90,448
Reserves | 22 | 53,279 | 53,360 | 53,360 |  | 53,279 | 53,360 | 53,360
Revaluation reserve | 22 | 78,275 | 87,141 | 84,221 |  | 91,431 | 100,690 | 94,605
Retained earnings |  | 364,136 | 313,565 | 267,851 |  | 450,957 | 389,141 | 331,543
Equity attributable to shareholders of the Company |  | 664,434 | 622,731 | 574,097 |  | 764,411 | 711,856 | 648,173
Non-controlling interests |  | - | - | - |  | 747 | 1,370 | 1,261
Total capital and reserves |  | 664,434 | 622,731 | 574,097 |  | 765,158 | 713,226 | 649,434
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities from insurance contracts | 17 | 732,122 | 702,494 | 802,750 |  | 861,986 | 823,665 | 937,833
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts | 17 | 1,910 | 1,961 | 2,695 |  | 4,025 | 2,158 | 3,274
Financial liabilities ate fair value through profit and loss account | 23 | 91 | 82 | 795 |  | 91 | 82 | 795
Financial liabilities at amortized cost | 24 | 37,058 | 48,117 | 48,291 |  | 48,149 | 53,954 | 54,768
Provisions | 25 | 6,767 | 6,537 | 7,705 |  | 8,085 | 7,690 | 8,971
Deferred tax liability | 19 | 8,275 | 19,120 | 17,638 |  | 15,200 | 25,542 | 23,512
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 26 | 40,470 | 39,154 | 41,337 |  | 52,015 | 49,061 | 49,460
Current income tax liability |  | 10,938 | 1,327 | 3,004 |  | 12,066 | 2,062 | 4,004
Total liabilities |  | 837,631 | 818,792 | 924,215 |  | 1,001,617 | 964,214 | 1,082,617
Total capital, reserves and liabilities |  | 1,502,065 | 1,441,523 | 1,498,312 |  | 1,766,775 | 1,677,440 | 1,732,051

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Statement of changes in equity
for 2023

Company | Subscribed share capital | Premium on issued shares | Reserves | Revaluation reserve | Retained earnings | Total capital and reserves
| In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000
Balance at 1 January 2022 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 82,048 | 228,915 | 532,988
Adjustment on initial recognition of IFRS 17 | - | - | - | 2,173 | 38,937 | 41,110
Restated balance at 1 January 2022 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 84,221 | 267,852 | 574,098
Total comprehensive income for the year |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of property for own use (Note 14) | - | - | - | (156) | - | (156)
Deferred tax on change in fair value of property for own use (Note 19) | - | - | - | 28 | - | 28
Change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of amounts realised | - | - | - | (78,556) | - | (78,556)
Deferred tax on change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of amounts realised (Note 19) | - | - | - | 14,140 | - | 14,140
Financial income from insurance contracts | - | - | - | 85,061 | - | 85,061
Deferred taxes on financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts (Note 19) | - | - | - | (15,302) | - | (15,302)
Financial expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | - | - | (2,700) | - | (2,700)
Deferred taxes on financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts (Note 19) | - | - | - | 486 | - | 486
Foreign exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | - | - | - | (9) | - | (9)
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | 2,992 | - | 2,992
Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 45,625 | 45,625
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | 2,992 | 45,625 | 48,617
Transactions with owners, recognised directly in equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer due to depreciation and sale of revalued property for own use | - | - | - | (88) | 88 | -
Deferred tax on transfer due to depreciation and sale of revalued property for own use (Note 19) | - | - | - | 16 | - | 16
Restated balance at 31 December 2022 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 87,141 | 313,565 | 622,731

Statement of changes in equity (continued)
for 2023

Company | Subscribed share capital | Premium on issued shares | Reserves | Revaluation reserve | Retained earnings | Total capital and reserves
| In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000
Restated balance at 1 January 2023 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 87,141 | 313,565 | 622,731
Adjustment on initial recognition of IFRS 9 | - | - | - | (3,333) | 2,490 | (843)
Restated balance at 1 January 2023 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 83,808 | 316,055 | 621,888
Total comprehensive income for the year |  |  |  |  |  | -
Change in fair value of property for own use (Note 14) | - | - | - | (137) | - | (137)
Deferred tax on change in fair value of property for own use (Note 19) | - | - | - | 25 | - | 25
Change in fair value of financial assets at fair value through OCI, net of amounts realised | - | - | - | 41,628 | - | 41,628
Deferred tax on change in fair value of financial assets at fair value through OCI, net of amounts realised (Note 19) | - | - | - | (7,493) | - | (7,493)
Financial expenditure from insurance contracts | - | - | - | (47,933) | - | (47,933)
Deferred taxes on financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts (Note 19) | - | - | - | 8,623 | - | 8,623
Financial income from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | - | - | 1,152 | - | 1,152
Deferred taxes on financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts (Note 19) | - | - | - | (207) | - | (207)
Foreign exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | - | - | - | - | - | -
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | (4,342) | - | (4,342)
Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 46,879 | 46,879
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | (4,342) | 46,879 | 42,537
Transactions with owners, recognised directly in equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion of share capital | 79 | - | (81) | - | - | (2)
Other transfers | - | - | - | - | 11 | 11
Transfer of revaluation reserve based on realization of equity securities at fair value through OCI | - | - | - | (1,093) | 1,093 | -
Deferred tax on the transfer of revaluation reserve based on the realization of equity securities at fair value through OCI (note 19) | - | - | - | 197 | (197) | -
Transfer due to depreciation and sale of revalued property for own use | - | - | - | (360) | 360 | -
Deferred tax on transfer due to depreciation and sale of revalued property for own use (Note 19) | - | - | - | 65 | (65) | -
Balance at 31 December 2023 | 78,296 | 90,448 | 53,279 | 78,275 | 364,136 | 664,434

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Statement of changes in equity (continued)
for 2023

Group | Subscribed share capital | Premium on issued shares | Reserves | Revaluation reserve | Retained earnings | Total | Non-controlling interest | Total capital and reserves
| In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000
Balance at 1 January 2022 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 92,433 | 296,220 | 610,678 | 1,350 | 612,028
Adjustment on initial recognition of IFRS 17 | - | - | - | 2,172 | 35,323 | 37,495 | (89) | 37,406
Restated balance at 1 January 2022 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 94,605 | 331,543 | 648,173 | 1,261 | 649,434
Total comprehensive income for the year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of property for own use (Note 14) | - | - | - | (84) | - | (84) | 1 | (83)
Deferred tax on change in fair value of property for own use (Note 19) | - | - | - | 30 | - | 30 | - | 30
Change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of amounts realised | - | - | - | (91,501) | - | (91,501) | (3) | (91,504)
Deferred tax on change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of amounts realised (Note 19) | - | - | - | 15,662 | - | 15,662 | - | 15,662
Financial income from insurance contracts | - | - | - | 100,630 | - | 100,630 | 80 | 100,710
Deferred taxes on financial income from insurance contracts (Note 19) | - | - | - | (16,925) | - | (16,925) | (8) | (16,933)
Financial expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | - | - | (2,836) | - | (2,836) | (6) | (2,842)
Deferred taxes on financial expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts (Note 19) | - | - | - | 512 | - | 512 | 1 | 513
Foreign exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | - | - | - | 154 | - | 154 | 1 | 155
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | 5,642 | - | 5,642 | 66 | 5,708
Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 58,199 | 58,199 | 78 | 58,277
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | 5,642 | 58,199 | 63,841 | 144 | 63,985
Transactions with owners, recognised directly in equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends paid | - | - | - | - | - | - | (33) | (33)
Purchase of minority interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | (2) | (2)
Transfer due to depreciation and sale of revalued property for own use | - | - | - | 601 | (601) | - | - | -
Deferred tax on transfer due to depreciation and sale of revalued property for own use (Note 19) | - | - | - | (158) | - | (158) | - | (158)
Balance at 31 December 2022 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 100,690 | 389,141 | 711,856 | 1,370 | 713,226

Statement of changes in equity (continued)
for 2023

Group | Subscribed share capital | Premium on issued shares | Reserves | Revaluation reserve | Retained earnings | Total | Non-controlling interest | Total capital and reserves
| In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000 | In EUR'000
Balance at 1 January 2023 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 100,690 | 389,141 | 711,856 | 1,370 | 713,226
Adjustment on initial recognition of IFRS 9 | - | - | - | (3,088) | 1,712 | (1,376) | (10) | (1,386)
Restated balance at 1 January 2023 | 78,217 | 90,448 | 53,360 | 97,602 | 390,853 | 710,480 | 1,360 | 711,840
Total comprehensive income for the year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of property for own use (Note 14) | - | - | - | (1) | - | (1) | 2 | 1
Deferred tax on change in fair value of property for own use (Note 19) | - | - | - | 37 | - | 37 | - | 37
Change in fair value of financial assets at fair value through OCI, net of amounts realised | - | - | - | 42,255 | - | 42,255 | - | 42,255
Deferred tax on change in fair value of financial assets at fair value through OCI, net of amounts realised (Note 19) | - | - | - | (7,646) | - | (7,646) | - | (7,646)
Financial expenditure from insurance contracts | - | - | - | (49,176) | - | (49,176) | (37) | (49,213)
Deferred taxes on financial expenditure from insurance contracts (Note 19) | - | - | - | 8,789 | - | 8,789 | 4 | 8,793
Financial income from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | - | - | 1,184 | - | 1,184 | 1 | 1,185
Deferred taxes on financial income from (passive) reinsurance contracts (Note 19) | - | - | - | (220) | - | (220) | - | (220)
Foreign exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | - | - | - | (6) | - | (6) | - | (6)
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | (4,784) | - | (4,784) | (30) | (4,814)
Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 58,380 | 58,380 | 71 | 58,451
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | (4,784) | 58,380 | 53,596 | 41 | 53,637
Transactions with owners, recognised directly in equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion of share capital | 79 | - | (81) | - | - | (2) | - | (2)
Other transfers | - | - | - | - | 22 | 22 | - | 22
Dividends paid | - | - | - | - | - | - | (32) | (32)
Purchase of non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | 315 | 315 | (622) | (307)
Transfer of revaluation reserve based on realization of equity securities at fair value through OCI | - | - | - | (1,093) | 1,093 | - | - | -
Deferred tax on the transfer of revaluation reserve based on the realization of equity securities at fair value through OCI (note 19) | - | - | - | 197 | (197) | - | - | -
Transfer due to depreciation and sale of revalued property for own use | - | - | - | (600) | 600 | - | - | -
Deferred tax on transfer due to depreciation and sale of revalued property for own use (Note 19) | - | - | - | 109 | (109) | - | - | -
Balance at 31 December 2023 | 78,296 | 90,448 | 53,279 | 91,431 | 450,957 | 764,411 | 747 | 765,158

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Cash flow statement
for 2023

|  | Company | Company | Group | Group
| Note | 2023 | Restated 2022 | 2023 | Restated 2022
|  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |
Profit after tax |  | 46,879 | 45,625 | 58,451 | 58,277
Adjustments for: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortisation | 13,14, 14.1 | 8,897 | 8,073 | 14,035 | 12,310
Impairment of property and equipment and intangible assets | 10 | 71 | 6,280 | 74 | 6,396
Impairment of shares in subsidiaries and associates | 6.5 | (519) | 71 | - | -
Interest expense | 9 | 1,418 | 1,441 | 1,815 | 1,737
Interest income | 6.1, 6.3 | (28,339) | (23,153) | (31,908) | (25,711)
Dividend income and share in profit of associates and joint ventures | 6.2 | (14,672) | (9,693) | (9,565) | (8,114)
(Gains)/losses on sale of intangible asset and property and equipment |  | (460) | (7) | (562) | (15)
Income tax expense | 11 | 8,274 | 8,423 | 10,722 | 11,262
Net foreign exchange differences on cash and cash equivalents |  | (12) | (333) | (11) | (323)
Other adjustments |  | (1,053) | (318) | (1,942) | (405)
Cash flows before changes in operating assets and liabilities |  | 20,484 | 36,409 | 41,109 | 55,414
Changes in available-for-sale financial assets |  | - | (43,348) | - | (45,081)
Changes in financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | 17,509 | - | 14,349 | -
Changes in financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | (105,256) | 20,319 | (106,554) | 17,779
Changes in held-to-maturity financial assets |  | - | 16,471 | - | 15,117
Changes in loans and receivables |  | - | 13,592 | - | 10,317
Changes in financial assets at amortised cost |  | 5,517 | - | (3,882) | -
Changes in assets/liabilities from insurance contract |  | (13,351) | (35,918) | (4,927) | (35,994)
Changes in assets/liabilities from reinsurance contract |  | (7,611) | (7,337) | (8,471) | (7,538)
Changes in trade receivables and other receivables |  | (877) | 7,910 | (5,403) | 9,908
Changes in investment property |  | 1,468 | 166 | (249) | 3,832
Changes in financial liabilities |  | (10,417) | (694) | (9,794) | (462)
Changes in provisions |  | 210 | (1,178) | 399 | (1,281)
Changes in tax liabilities |  | (548) | 16,379 | (927) | 16,879
Changes in a ccounts payable and other liabilities |  | 2,650 | (2,058) | 3,292 | (1,196)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  | (110,706) | (15,696) | (122,167) | (17,720)
Income tax paid |  | (7,831) | (9,933) | (9,043) | (11,718)
Interest income |  | 25,659 | 26,320 | 26,731 | 24,471
Dividends income |  | 14,339 | 9,624 | 7,562 | 6,625
Net cash flows (used in)/from operating activities |  | (58,055) | 46,724 | (55,808) | 57,072

Cash flow statement (continued)
for 2023
Continued:

|  | Company | Company | Group | Group
| Note | 2023 | Restated 2022 | 2023 | Restated 2022
|  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of tangible assets |  | 909 | 62 | 990 | 132
Purchase of tangible assets |  | (1,783) | (2,423) | (9,799) | (7,024)
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets |  | - | - | - | -
Purchase of intangible assets |  | (4,379) | (6,867) | (5,943) | (8,118)
Proceeds from investment in subsidiaries |  | (2,500) | (591) | - | -
Net cash flows from investing activities |  | (7,753) | (9,819) | (14,752) | (15,010)
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |
Cash outflows from loan repayments |  | - | - | (138) | (106)
Cash outflows for repayment of principal element of lease liabilities |  | (3,362) | (3,019) | (5,106) | (4,509)
Cash outflows for payment of share in profit (dividend) |  | (130) | (130) | (162) | (163)
Acquisition of minority interest |  | - | - | (308) | (2)
Net cash flows from financing activities |  | (3,492) | (3,149) | (5,714) | (4,780)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 21 | 114,589 | 80,833 | 143,097 | 105,815
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | 21 | 45,289 | 114,589 | 66,823 | 143,097
Net (decrease)/ increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | (69,300) | 33,756 | (76,274) | 37,282

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Notes to the financial statements
1. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
1.1. Legal framework, activities and employees
CROATIA osiguranje d.d., Zagreb, Vatroslava Jagića 33 (the “Company”), in Republic of Croatia is registered in the Court Register of the Commercial Court in Zagreb, Republic of Croatia, under the Company’s Court Reg. No. (“MBS”) 080051022 and PIN (“OIB”) 26187994862 as a joint stock company.
The Company's principal activity is non-life and life insurance business and reinsurance business in the non-life insurance group in the territory of Republic of Croatia and Slovenia, while the Group also operates in the territory of Northern Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. Since 2004 the Company’s shares have been listed at Official Market of the Zagreb Stock Exchange, Zagreb.
The Company is the parent company of the CROATIA osiguranje d.d. Group (the "Group").
Company is majorly owned by ADRIS GRUPA d.d., Rovinj (Adris is also an ultimate parent of the Company) and is included in the consolidated financial statements of ADRIS GRUPA d.d. which are available on the ADRIS GRUPA d.d.’s website, Zagreb Stock Exchange and the Officially appointed mechanism for the central storage of regulated information.
Average number of employees of the Company is 2,436 (2022: 2,424), and of the Group 3,786 (2022: 3,708).
1.2. Company bodies
The Company's bodies are the General Assembly, the Supervisory Board and the Management Board.
Members of the Supervisory Board:

Roberto Škopac | President
Željko Lovrinčević, PhD | Vice President
Vitomir Palinec | Member
Hrvoje Patajac | Member
Zoran Barac, PhD | Member
Pero Kovačić | Member
Hrvoje Šimović, PhD | Member

Members of the Management Board:

Davor Tomašković | President
Robert Vučković | Member
Luka Babić | Member
Vančo Balen | Member

1.3. Subsidiaries
The Group consolidated the following entities as at 31 December 2023:

|  | 31 December 2023
| Principal activity | Shares directly held by parent | Shares held by the Group | Shares held by non-controlling interests
Group | (%) | (%) | (%)
Subsidiaries registered in Croatia which are consolidated: |  |  |  |
Croatia premium d.o.o., Zagreb | Real estate business | 100 | 100 | -
M teh d.o.o. | Equipment rental | 100 | 100 | -
Core 1 d.o.o., Zagreb | Real estate business | 100 | 100 | -
Razne usluge d.o.o. (currently being wound up), Zagreb | - | 100 | 100 | -
Auto Maksimir Vozila d.o.o., Zagreb | Insurance agency | 100 | 100 | -
Koreqt d.o.o. | Real estate business | 100 | 100 | -
Strmec projekt d.o.o. | Real estate business | 100 | 100 | -
CO Zdravlje d.o.o., Zagreb | Consulting and services | 100 | 100 | -
CROATIA Poliklinika Zagreb | Healthcare | - | 100 | -
Croatia-Tehnički pregledi d.o.o., Zagreb | MOT* | 100 | 100 | -
Herz d.d., Požega | MOT | - | 100 | -
Slavonijatrans-Tehnički pregledi d.o.o., Sl. Brod | MOT | - | 76 | 24
STP Pitomača, Pitomača | MOT | - | 100 | -
STP Blato | MOT | - | 100 | -
Autoprijevoz d.d. | MOT | - | 79.12 | 20.88
Crotehna d.o.o., Ljubuški | MOT | - | 100 | -
Croatia osiguranje mirovinsko društvo d.o.o., Zagreb | Fund management | 100 | 100 | -
ASTORIA d.o.o. | Real estate | 100 | 100 | -
Subsidiaries registered abroad which are consolidated: |  |  |  |
Milenijum osiguranje a.d.o., Belgrade | Insurance | 100 | 100 | -
Croatia osiguranje d.d., Mostar | Insurance | 97.12 | 97.12 | 2.88
Croatia remont d.d., Čapljina** | MOT | - | 83.48 | 16.52
Croauto d.o.o., Mostar | MOT | - | 93.80 | 6.20
Tia auto d.o.o. | Technical examination and analysis of motor vehicles | - | 100 | -
Skadenca d.o.o. | Insurance agency | - | 100 | -
Croatia osiguranje d.d., društvo za osiguranje neživota, Skopje | Insurance | 100 | 100 | -
Croatia osiguranje d.d., društvo za osiguranje života, Skopje | Insurance | 95 | 100 | -

* MOT - Motor vehicle examination stations
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A summary of significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements is set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
Hereinafter, the policies applied by the Group also mean the policies applied by the Company, unless otherwise stated.
2.1. Statement of compliance
In accordance with Accounting Act (Official Gazette 78/15, 134/15, 120/16, 116/18, 42/20, 47/20, 114/22, 82/23), the financial statements for 2023 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ('IFRS') as adopted in the European Union and in accordance with the Ordinance on the structure and content of the financial statements for insurance or reinsurance companies (Official Gazette 20/23).
These are consolidated financial statements of the Group that also include separate financial statements of the Company (“Parent” of the Group) as defined in International Accounting Standard 27 “Separate Financial Statements” and International Financial Reporting Standard 10 “Consolidated financial statements”.
2.2. Basis of preparation
The consolidated and separate financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified by the revaluation of land and buildings, investment property, available-for-sale financial assets i.e. financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account, and by evaluating the estimated cash flows and contractual service margin when valuing insurance and reinsurance contracts.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS as adopted in the EU requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires the Management Board to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated and separate financial statements, are disclosed in Note 2.31.
2.3. Adoption of new and amended International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs")
The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year, unless otherwise stated and disclosed.
The Group has adopted the following new and amended IFRS and IFRIC interpretations during the year which were endorsed by the EU. When the adoption of the standard or interpretation is deemed to have an impact on the financial statements or performance of the Group, its impact is described below.
(a) New and amended standards adopted by the Group:
Amendments to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” - Disclosure of Accounting Policies
The amendments provide guidance on the application of materiality judgements to accounting policy disclosures. In particular, the amendments to IAS 1 replace the requirement to disclose ‘significant’ accounting policies with a requirement to disclose ‘material’ accounting policies. Also, guidance and illustrative examples are added in the Practice Statement to assist in the application of the materiality concept when making judgements about accounting policy disclosures. Management has assessed that these amendments won’t have significant influence on financial reports of the Company and the Group.

- Amendments to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023)

These narrow scope amendments clarify that liabilities are classified as either current or non-current, depending on the rights that exist at the end of the reporting period. Liabilities are non-current if the entity has a substantive right, at the end of the reporting period, to defer settlement for at least twelve months. The guidance no longer requires such a right to be unconditional. Management’s expectations whether they will subsequently exercise the right to defer settlement do not affect classification of liabilities. The right to defer only exists if the entity complies with any relevant conditions as of the end of the reporting period. A liability is classified as current if a condition is breached at or before the reporting date even if a waiver of that condition is obtained from the lender after the end of the reporting period. Conversely, a loan is classified as non-current if a loan covenant is breached only after the reporting date. In addition, the amendments include clarifying the classification requirements for debt a company might settle by converting it into equity. ‘Settlement’ is defined as the extinguishment of a liability with cash, other resources embodying economic benefits or an entity’s own equity instruments. There is an exception for convertible instruments that might be converted into equity, but only for those instruments where the conversion option is classified as an equity instrument as a separate component of a compound financial instrument. The European Union has not yet approved the amendments. The Company and the Group are currently assessing the impact of the amendments on its consolidated financial statements.
The amendment to IAS 1 on classification of liabilities as current or non-current was issued in January 2020 with an original effective date 1 January 2022. However, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the effective date was deferred by one year to provide companies with more time to implement classification changes resulting from the amended guidance.
 Amendments to IAS 8 “Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors” – Definition of Accounting Estimates (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023)
The Amendments become effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 with earlier application permitted and apply to changes in accounting policies and changes in accounting estimates that occur on or after the start of that period. The amendments introduce a new definition of accounting estimates, defined as monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty. Also, the amendments clarify what changes in accounting estimates are and how these differ from changes in accounting policies and corrections of errors. Management has assessed that these amendments won’t have significant influence on financial reports of the Company and the Group.
 Amendments to IAS 12 “Income Taxes” - Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction
In May 2021, the Board issued amendments to IAS 12, which narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under IAS 12 and specify how companies should account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. Under the amendments, the initial recognition exception does not apply to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. It only applies if the recognition of a lease asset and lease liability (or decommissioning liability and decommissioning asset component) give rise to taxable and deductible temporary differences that are not equal. Management has assessed that these amendments won’t have significant influence on financial reports of the Company and the Group.
Their adoption did not have any significant impact on the disclosures or on the amounts shown in these financial statements.
 IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts
The Group initially applied IFRS 17, including all subsequent amendments to other standards, from 1 January 2023. IFRS 17 significantly affected changes in accounting for insurance and reinsurance contracts, and as a result, the Group applied a retrospective approach and restated the comparative amounts and presented an additional report on the financial position as of 1 January 2022.
Recognition, measurement and presentation of insurance contracts
IFRS 17 establishes principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts, reinsurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participation features and introduced a model that measures groups of contracts based on the Group's estimates of the present value of future cash flows that are expected to arise as the Group fulfills contracts, risk adjustment for non-financial risk and contractual service margin ("CSM"). According to IFRS 17, for premium allocation approach, insurance revenue in each reporting period represents the change in liabilities for remaining coverage related to services for which the Group expects to receive compensation and an allocation of part of premiums that relate to recovering insurance acquisition cash flows. In addition, investment components are no longer included in insurance revenue and insurance service expenses.
Insurance and reinsurance finance income and expenses, disaggregated between profit or loss and OCI, are presented separately from insurance revenue and insurance service expenses.
The Group applies the premium allocation approach ("PAA") to simplify the measurement of contracts in the non-life segment, except for groups of acquired contracts that do not qualify for the PAA. When measuring liabilities for remaining coverage, the PAA is similar to the Group’s previous accounting treatment in accordance with IFRS 4. However, when measuring liabilities for incurred claims, the Group now discounts the future cash flows and includes an explicit risk adjustment for non-financial risk.
The new accounting policies adopted by the Group are set out in note 2.22 Insurance contracts, while the nature and key effects of the changes resulting from the adoption of IFRS 17 are set out below.
Transition
Changes in accounting policies resulting from the adoption of IFRS 17 have been applied using a full retrospective approach to the extent practicable. The Group applied the full retroactive approach for groups of contracts measured using the premium allocation approach.
Under the full retrospective approach, as at 1 January 2022 the Group:
o identified, recognized and measured each group of insurance contracts as if IFRS 17 had always been applied;
o derecognised previously reported balances that would not have existed if IFRS 17 had always been applied. This includes deferred acquisition costs for insurance contracts, insurance receivables and liabilities, etc. According to IFRS 17, they are included in the measurement of insurance contracts;
o recognised all the resulting net effects in equity
Where retroactive application for a group of insurance contracts is impractical, the Group will use two alternative transition methods - modified retroactive approach and fair value approach.
The Group considers the that full retrospective approach was impracticable under any of the following circumstances:
o the effects of retroactive application could not be determined because the necessary information was not collected (or was not collected with sufficient precision) or was not available due to system migrations, data archiving requirements or other reasons. Such information include for certain contracts: expectations of contract cost-effectiveness and risks of becoming onerous, which are required to identify a group of contracts; information on historical cash flows and discount rates required to determine estimates of cash flows at initial recognition and subsequent changes to retroactive basis; information necessary to allocate fixed and variable general overheads to contract groups, as the Group's previous accounting policies did not require such information.
o the full retrospective approach requires assumptions about what Group management’s intentions would have been in previous periods or significant accounting estimates that cannot be made without the use of hindsight.
The modified retroactive approach allows certain simplifications and modifications over full retroactive application. This approach allows insurers who lack certain information to calculate initial balances as close as possible to the conditions that would be obtained by applying full retroactive approach, using information that is available, verifiable and appropriate to the insurer. The Group will apply this approach to groups of insurance contracts relating to loan insurance against inability to repay and include contracts issued with a difference of more than one year.
Under the fair value approach, the CSM (or the loss component) as at 1 January 2022 was determined as the difference between the fair value of a group of contracts at that date and the fulfilment cash flows at that date. The Group measured the fair value of the contracts in accordance with the principles of IFRS 13, using the discounted cash flow method, as the sum of present value of the best estimate of the net cash flows expected to be generated by the contracts and additional elements that represent a justified cost, i.e. compensation that would potential market participants require to undertake the servicing of the insurance contract in the transaction under market conditions (margin for associated risks and uncertainty, cost of capital). The cash flows considered in the fair value measurement are consistent with those that are within the contract boundary. For all contracts measured by fair value approach, the Group used reasonable and reliable information available on 1 January 2022 to determine how to identify groups of contracts. Some groups of contracts measured under the fair value approach contain contracts issued more than one year apart. Discount rates on initial recognition were determined on 1 January 2022 instead of at the date of initial recognition regardless of the length of the specified time gap. For all contracts measured under the fair value approach, the net amount of insurance financial income or expenses accumulated in the insurance contract financial reserve at 1 January 2022 is determined to be zero. The Group applied a fair value approach to life insurance contracts and for groups of insurance contracts relating to loan beneficiaries' insurance against the inability to repay the loan.
The Group applied the transitional provisions from IFRS 17 and did not disclose the impact of the adoption of IFRS 17 on each item in the financial statements and earnings per share. The effects of the adoption of IFRS 17 on the separate and consolidated financial statements as of 1 January 2022 are presented in the statement of changes in equity.
IFRS 9 Financial instruments and related annexes to various other standards (effective for annual periods beginning after 1 January 2023)
IFRS 9 replaced IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement regulates the classification, measurement and derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities, introduces new rules for hedging accounting and a new model of impairment of financial assets and other categories in accordance with IFRS 9. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods starting on or after 1 January 2018, with early application permitted. However, the Group has met the relevant criteria and has applied the temporary exemption from IFRS 9 for annual periods before 1 January 2023. Consequently, the Group applied IFRS 9 for the first time on 1 January 2023.
Classification of financial assets and liabilities
Financial assets are distributed in the following categories with respect to the valuation method: valuation according to the amortised cost method, valuation at fair value through profit and loss, and valuation at fair value through other comprehensive income. The classification of financial assets depends on the business model used to manage financial assets and contracted cash flows.
The adoption of IFRS 9 did not have an effect on financial liabilities.
Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with IFRS 9, the impairment model required the recognition of impairment provisions based on expected credit losses (so-called 'ECL'), not just on the basis of incurred credit losses as is the case with IAS 39 and applies to financial assets classified at amortised cost and debt instruments measured in other comprehensive income.
Details related to the classification, measurement of financial assets, recognition of income and expenses based on IFRS 9 and impairment are provided in note 2.17 Financial instruments.
Transition
For the purposes of the first application of IFRS 9, the Group decided on a simplified method based on which it will not change comparative data and will recognize adjustments to the carrying amount of financial assets in initial retained earnings from the date of the first application of the standard, i.e. from 1 January 2023.
The following tables and accompanying notes below explain the original measurement categories under IAS 39 and the new measurement categories under IFRS 9 for each class of financial assets and financial liabilities of the Company and the Group as of 1 January 2023:
a) Equity financial instruments (shares) that were previously classified at fair value through the profit and loss according to IAS 39 and are part of the portfolio related to asset and liability management activities, are reclassified into the category of fair value through other comprehensive income according to IFRS 9, i.e. the option of valuation through other comprehensive income was chosen for them since they are not held for trading.
b) Debt financial instruments (bonds) that were previously classified at amortised cost or as available for sale (fair value through other comprehensive income) according to IAS 39, are reclassified into the category of fair value through the profit and loss according to IFRS 9 due to the business model of holding assets for the purpose of sale. The aforementioned reclassification was carried out considering the fact that with the entry into force of IFRS 17, due to the decrease in the value of a part of insurance liabilities significantly increased the coverage of insurance liabilities (so-called statutory technical reserves) with assets, and the Group determined the need and additional space for optimizing the management of this part investment portfolio. Since the Group's plans for the stated part of debt instruments are aligned with the business model of holding assets for the purpose of sale, the stated reclassification was carried out for overall compliance with the requirements of IFRS 17 and optimization of portfolio management.
c) Equity financial instruments (investment funds) are reclassified from the category of assets available for sale (fair value through other comprehensive income) according to IAS 39 to the category of assets that are mandatorily fair value through the profit and loss according to IFRS 9 since they refer to financial assets whose cash flows do not contain only principal and interest.
The items of financial assets and liabilities and the related items of the statement of comprehensive income for the comparative period of 2022 are presented applying IAS 39.

|  |  | Company | Company
in EUR'000 | Original classification in accordance with IAS 39 | Revised classification in accordance with IFRS 9 | Net book value in accordance with IAS 39 as of 31 December 2022 | Net book value in accordance with IFRS 9 as of 1 January 2023
Financial investments |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |
Debt financial instruments |  |  |  |
Government bonds | Held-to-maturity investments | Amortised cost | 283,141 | 282,625
Government bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through profit and loss account | 45,385 | 45,385
Government bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through other comprehensive income | 386,808 | 386,808
Corporate bonds | Held-to-maturity investments | Fair value through profit and loss account | 5,842 | 5,742
Corporate bonds | Held-to-maturity investments | Amortised cost | 2,645 | 2,637
Corporate bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through profit and loss account | 21,315 | 21,315
Corporate bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Amortised cost | 236 | 236
Corporate bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through other comprehensive income | 39,348 | 39,348
Deposits | Loans and receivables | Amortised cost | 9,048 | 8,967
Loans | Loans and receivables | Amortised cost | 58,223 | 58,059
Equity financial instruments and units in investment funds |  |  |  |
Shares | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through other comprehensive income | 102,747 | 102,747
Shares | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through other comprehensive income | 2,974 | 2,974
Open-ended investment funds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through profit and loss account | 52,094 | 52,094
Open-ended investment funds - assets for coverage of unit-linked products | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through profit and loss account | 25,733 | 25,733
Derivative financial instruments |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through profit and loss account | 1,806 | 1,806
Receivables (other assets) | Loans and receivables | Amortised cost | 24,963 | 24,936
Cash and cash equivalents | Loans and receivables | Amortised cost | 114,589 | 114,433
Total financial investments |  |  | 1,176,897 | 1,175,872
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |
Financial liabilities at amortized cost, except lease liabilities | Amortised cost | Amortised cost | 11,915 | 11,915
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss account | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through profit and loss account | 82 | 82
Total financial liabilities |  |  | 11,997 | 11,997

|  |  | Group | Group
in EUR'000 | Original classification in accordance with IAS 39 | Revised classification in accordance with IFRS 9 | Net book value in accordance with IAS 39 as of 31 December 2022 | Net book value in accordance with IFRS 9 as of 1 January 2023
Financial investments |  |  |  |
Financial assets |  |  |  |
Debt financial instruments |  |  |  |
Government bonds | Held-to-maturity investments | Amortised cost | 295,315 | 294,724
Government bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through profit and loss account | 45,385 | 45,385
Government bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through other comprehensive income | 465,051 | 465,051
Corporate bonds | Held-to-maturity investments | Fair value through profit and loss account | 5,842 | 5,742
Corporate bonds | Held-to-maturity investments | Amortised cost | 2,677 | 2,668
Corporate bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through profit and loss account | 21,315 | 21,315
Corporate bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Amortised cost | 236 | 236
Corporate bonds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through other comprehensive income | 39,348 | 39,348
Deposits | Loans and receivables | Amortised cost | 64,028 | 63,341
Loans | Loans and receivables | Amortised cost | 24,532 | 24,506
Equity financial instruments and units in investment funds |  |  |  |
Shares | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through other comprehensive income | 102,747 | 102,747
Shares | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through other comprehensive income | 2,974 | 2,974
Open-ended investment funds | Available-for-sale financial assets | Fair value through profit and loss account | 52,095 | 52,095
Open-ended investment funds | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through profit and loss account | 5,600 | 5,600
Open-ended investment funds - assets for coverage of unit-linked products | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through profit and loss account | 29,036 | 29,036
Derivative financial instruments |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through profit and loss account | 1,806 | 1,806
Receivables (other assets) | Loans and receivables | Amortised cost | 33,197 | 33,197
Cash and cash equivalents | Loans and receivables | Amortised cost | 143,097 | 142,860
Total financial investments |  |  | 1,334,281 | 1,332,631
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |
Financial liabilities at amortized cost, except lease liabilities | Amortised cost | Amortised cost | 12,131 | 12,131
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss account | Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | Fair value through profit and loss account | 82 | 82
Total financial liabilities |  |  | 12,213 | 12,213

The following tables present the reconciliation of the present values of each category of financial assets previously measured in accordance with IAS 39 and the new amounts determined according to IFRS 9 for the Company and the Group.

Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
in EUR'000 | Note | Net book value in accordance with IAS 39 as of 31 December 2022 | Reclassification | Valuation impact | Net book value in accordance with IFRS 9 as of 1 January 2023 | Impact on retained earnings (before tax) | Impact on revaluation reserve (before tax)
ECL impact (expected credit loss) | Reassessment due to reclassification
Fair value through profit and loss account |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares | a) | 2,974 | (2,974) |  |  | - |  |
Open-ended investment funds - assets for coverage of unit-linked products |  | 25,733 |  |  |  | 25,733 |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | 1,806 |  |  |  | 1,806 |  |
Reclassification from Available-for-sale financial assets in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government bonds | b) |  | 45,385 |  |  | 45,385 |  |
Corporate bonds | b) |  | 21,315 |  |  | 21,315 |  |
Open-ended investment funds | c) |  | 52,094 |  |  | 52,094 |  |
Reclassification from Held-to-maturity investments in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | b) |  | 5,842 |  | (100) | 5,742 | (100) |
Reclassification from Loans and receivables in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total fair value through profit and loss account |  | 30,513 | 121,662 | - | (100) | 152,075 | (100) | -
Fair value through other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from Available-for-sale financial assets in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government bonds | b) | 45,385 | (45,385) |  |  | - | (428) | 428
Government bonds |  | 386,808 | - |  |  | 386,808 | (741) | 741
Corporate bonds | b) | 21,315 | (21,315) |  |  | - | (1,307) | 1,307
Corporate bonds |  | 236 | (236) |  |  | - | (24) | 24
Corporate bonds |  | 39,348 | - |  |  | 39,348 | (74) | 74
Shares |  | 102,747 | - |  |  | 102,747 | - | -
Open-ended investment funds | c) | 52,094 | (52,095) |  |  | - | 6,639 | (6,639)
Reclassification from Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares | a) |  | 2,974 |  |  | 2,974 | - | -
Total fair value through other comprehensive income |  | 647,933 | (116,057) | - | - | 531,878 | 4,065 | (4,065)
Amortised cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from Held-to-maturity investments in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government bonds |  | 283,141 |  | (516) |  | 282,625 | (516) |
Corporate bonds | b) | 5,842 | (5,842) |  |  | - | - |
Corporate bonds |  | 2,645 | - | (8) |  | 2,637 | (8) |
Reclassification from Available-for-sale financial assets in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds |  | - | 236 | - |  | 236 | - |
Transfer from Loans and receivables in accordance with IAS 39 |  | - | - | - |  | - | - |
Deposits |  | 9,048 | - | (81) |  | 8,967 | (81) |
Loans |  | 58,223 | - | (164) |  | 58,059 | (164) |
Receivables |  | 24,963 | - | - |  | 24,963 | - |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 114,589 | - | (156) |  | 114,433 | (156) |
Total amortised cost |  | 498,451 | (5,606) | (925) | - | 491,920 | (925) | -

Deferred tax effects after transition to IFRS 9:

Company |  | Net book value in accordance with IAS 39 as of 31 December 2022 | Valuation impact | Net book value in accordance with IFRS 9 as of 1 January 2023 | Impact on retained earnings | Impact on revaluation reserve
|  | ECL impact (expected credit loss) | Reassessment due to reclassification
Deferred tax assets |  | 12,342 | 310 | 18 | 12,670 | 328 |
Deferred tax liability |  | 31,465 | 146 |  | 31,611 | (878) | 732

Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
in EUR'000 | Note | Net book value in accordance with IAS 39 as of 31 December 2022 | Reclassification | Valuation impact | Net book value in accordance with IFRS 9 as of 1 January 2023 | Impact on retained earnings (before tax) | Impact on revaluation reserve (before tax)
ECL impact (expected credit loss) | Reassessment due to reclassification
Fair value through profit and loss account |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares | a) | 2,974 | (2,974) |  |  | - |  |
Open-ended investment funds |  | 5,600 |  |  |  | 5,600 |  |
Open-ended investment funds - assets for coverage of unit-linked products |  | 29,036 |  |  |  | 29,036 |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts |  | 1,806 |  |  |  | 1,806 |  |
Reclassification from Available-for-sale financial assets in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government bonds | b) |  | 45,385 |  |  | 45,385 |  |
Corporate bonds | b) |  | 21,315 |  |  | 21,315 |  |
Open-ended investment funds | c) |  | 52,095 |  |  | 52,095 |  |
Reclassification from Held-to-maturity investments in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | b) |  | 5,842 |  | (100) | 5,742 | (100) |
Total fair value through profit and loss account |  | 39,416 | 121,663 | - | (100) | 160,979 | (100) | -
Fair value through other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from Available-for-sale financial assets in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government bonds | b) | 45,385 | (45,385) |  |  | - | (411) | 411
Government bonds |  | 465,051 |  |  |  | 465,051 | (1,022) | 1,022
Corporate bonds | b) | 21,315 | (21,315) |  |  | - | (1,307) | 1,307
Corporate bonds |  | 236 | (236) |  |  | - | (24) | 24
Corporate bonds |  | 39,348 |  |  |  | 39,348 | (74) | 74
Shares |  | 102,747 | - |  |  | 102,747 |  |
Open-ended investment funds | c) | 52,095 | (52,095) |  |  | - | 6,639 | (6,639)
Reclassification from Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares | a) |  | 2,974 |  |  | 2,974 |  |
Total fair value through other comprehensive income |  | 726,177 | (116,057) | - | - | 610,120 | 3,801 | (3,801)
Amortised cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from Held-to-maturity investments in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government bonds |  | 295,315 |  | (591) |  | 294,724 | (591) |
Corporate bonds | b) | 5,842 | (5,842) |  |  | - |  |
Corporate bonds |  | 2,677 |  | (9) |  | 2,668 | (9) |
Reclassification from Available-for-sale financial assets in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 236 |  |  | 236 |  |
Transfer from Loans and receivables in accordance with IAS 39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 64,028 |  | (687) |  | 63,341 | (687) |
Loans |  | 24,532 |  | (26) |  | 24,506 | (26) |
Receivables |  | 33,197 |  |  |  | 33,197 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 143,097 |  | (237) |  | 142,860 | (237) |
Total amortised cost |  | 568,688 | (5,606) | (1,550) | - | 561,532 | (1,550) | -

Deferred tax effects after transition to IFRS 9:

Group |  | Net book value in accordance with IAS 39 as of 31 December 2022 | Valuation impact | Net book value in accordance with IFRS 9 as of 1 January 2023 | Impact on retained earnings | Impact on revaluation reserve
|  | ECL impact (expected credit loss) | Reassessment due to reclassification
Deferred tax assets |  | 13,411 | 442 | 18 | 13,871 | 460 | -
Deferred tax liability |  | 38,605 | 186 | - | 38,791 | (899) | 713

| Company | Group
in EUR'000 | IAS 39 - 31.12.2022 | ECL impact (expected credit loss)) | IFRS 9 - 1.1.2023 | IAS 39 - 31.12.2022 | ECL impact (expected credit loss) | IFRS 9 - 1.1.2023
Debt securities at fair value through OCI previously classified as available-for-sale | - | (839) | (839) | - | (1,120) | (1,120)
Financial assets at amortised cost in accordance with IFRS 9 previously classified as: |  |  |  |  |  |
financial assets held-to-maturity with IAS 39 | (995) | (524) | (1,519) | (995) | (600) | (1,595)
loans and receivables in accordance with IAS 39 | (14,619) | (245) | (14,864) | (14,665) | (713) | (15,378)
Trade receivables | (7,566) | - | (7,566) | (10,852) | - | (10,852)
| (23,180) | (1,608) | (24,788) | (26,512) | (2,433) | (28,945)

b) Standards and amendments to existing standards published by the International Accounting Standards
Certain new standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for 31 December 2023 reporting periods and have not been early adopted by the Group. The Group’s assessment of the impact of these new standards and interpretations is set out below:

- Amendments to IFRS 16 “Leases” - Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024)

The Amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024 with earlier application permitted. The amendment clarifies how a seller-lessee subsequently measures sale and leaseback transactions that satisfy the requirements in IFRS 15 to be accounted for as a sale. The Amendments have not yet been endorsed by the EU. Management has assessed that these amendments won’t have significant influence on financial reports of the Company and the Group.

- Amendments to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” - Non-current Liabilities with Covenants (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024)

The Amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024 with earlier application permitted. The amendment addresses the inconsistency of the amendment to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” - Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current which refers to the classification of debts and other financial liabilities as current or long-term in certain circumstances: Only covenants with which an entity is required to comply on or before the reporting date affect the classification of a liability as current or non-current. In addition, an entity has to disclose information in the notes that enables users of financial statements to understand the risk that non-current liabilities with covenants could become repayable within twelve months. The Amendments have not yet been endorsed by the EU. Management has assessed that these amendments won’t have significant influence on financial reports of the Company and the Group.
c) New standards and amendments to standards published by the Committee for International Accounting Standards, but not yet adopted by the European Union
Currently, the standards adopted by the EU do not differ significantly from the regulations adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board, except for the following new standards and amendments to existing standards, which have not yet been adopted by the EU at the date of issuance of these financial statements:

- Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7 – Supplier Financing Agreements (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024) – not yet adopted by the EU.

- Amendments to IAS 21 - Impossibility of Substitution (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025) - not yet adopted in the EU.

- IFRS 14 “Regulatory Deferral Accounts” (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016) - the European Commission has decided not to launch the endorsement process of this interim standard and to wait for the final standard

- Amendments to IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” and IAS 28 “Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures” - Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture and further amendments (effective date deferred indefinitely until the research project on the equity method has been concluded)

These amendments address an inconsistency between the requirements in IFRS 10 and those in IAS 28 in dealing with the sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture. The main consequence of the amendments is that a full gain or loss is recognised when a transaction involves a business. A partial gain or loss is recognised when a transaction involves assets that do not constitute a business, even if these assets are held by a subsidiary.
Unless otherwise stated above, the new standards and interpretations are not expected to significantly affect the unconsolidated and consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Group.
2.4. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
In preparing these financial statements, certain estimates were used which influence the presentation of assets and liabilities of the Group, the income and expenses of the Group and the disclosure of contingent liabilities of the Group.
Future events and their effects cannot be reliably anticipated, and therefore actual results may differ from these estimates. The accounting estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements are subject to change as new events occur, as more experience is gained, additional information is obtained and due to the changing environment in which the Group operates.
The key estimates used in applying accounting policies in the preparation of the financial statements relate to impairment losses on financial assets and calculation of expected credit losses (note 2.17), the classification, grouping of insurance contracts and the measurement of insurance contracts (note 2.22) and determination of the fair value of investment property.
Information about the assessments of the Management regarding the application of IFRS, which have a significant impact on the financial statements, and the information about the estimates with a high risk of likely significant adjustment in the next year, is presented in note 2.31 while carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities are presented in notes 15, 17 and 18.
2.5. Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements comprise the Company and its subsidiaries (together "the Group").
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.
The Group applies the acquisition method for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition related costs are reported in the statement of comprehensive income as incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. On an acquisition basis, the Group recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the recognised amounts of identifiable acquiree’s net assets.
Goodwill is initially measured as excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the fair value of non-controlling interest in the acquiree and acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the fair value of the Group’s share of the identifiable net assets acquired. If this is lower than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired in the case of a bargain purchase, the difference is recognised directly in profit or loss.
Transactions eliminated at consolidation
Balances and transactions between Group members and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intragroup transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealised losses are also eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only if there are no indicators of impairment.
Non-controlling interests
Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are included in the total equity of the Group.
Losses applicable to non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are added to non-controlling interests in situations where this causes non-controlling interests to be disclosed with negative value. The reconciliation of non-controlling interest is based on the proportionate amount of the net assets of the subsidiary, with no adjustment to goodwill and recognition of profit or loss in the income statement.
Loss of control
At the moment of loss of control, the Group derecognises assets and liabilities of subsidiaries, interests of minority shareholders and other elements of equity related to the subsidiary. Any surplus or deficit arising on the loss of control is recognised in profit or loss. If the Group retains any share in the subsidiary, such share is measured at fair value at the date that control ceases. After that, this is reported as an investment valued using the equity method or as available-for-sale financial assets, depending on the level of influence retained.
Joint arrangements
The Group applies IFRS 11 to all joint arrangements. Under IFRS 11 investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor. The Group has assessed the nature of its joint arrangements and determined them to be joint ventures. Joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method.
Merger of entities under common control
A merger or a business combination involving business entities under common control is a business combination in which all of the combining business entities are controlled by the same party (or parties) both before and after the business combination, and that control is not transitory. The predecessor method of accounting is used to account for the mergers of entities under common control. According to the predecessor method of accounting, the carrying amount of the assets (including goodwill, if any) and liabilities of the acquired or merged company (or the company that has ceased to exist as a result of the merger) are transferred to the successor company from the consolidated financial statements of the highest entity that has common control and which prepares consolidated financial statements or a lower level entity if justified.
The merged entity’s results and balance sheet are incorporated prospectively from the date on which the merger or business combination between entities under common control occurred.
On the date of the merger, inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains and losses on mutual transactions are eliminated.
The difference between the transferred fee and the carrying amount of the net assets of the acquired company is recognised in equity (in retained earnings).
2.6. Presentation currency
The Group’s financial statements are presented in euros (EUR) as the functional currency of the Company and subsidiaries in Croatia and presentation currency of the Group. On 1 January 2023, the euro became the official monetary unit and legal tender in the Republic of Croatia. The fixed conversion rate is set at HRK 7.53450 for one euro. The introduction of the euro as the official currency in the Republic of Croatia represents a change in the functional currency that is calculated prospectively. Comparative periods and balances in the financial statements have been recalculated using the conversion rate.
2.7. Foreign currency transactions
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate effective at the reporting day. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate effective on the date their fair value is determined.
Changes in the fair value of monetary securities denominated in or linked to a foreign currency and classified as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income are analysed between translation differences resulting from changes in the amortised cost of the security and other changes in the carrying amount of the security. Foreign exchange rate differences resulting from the conversion of monetary assets and liabilities are recognised through profit or loss and are presented within finance income or finance cost.
2.8. Revenue recognition
/i/ For the revenue recognition arising from insurance and reinsurance contracts and the net financial result from insurance and reinsurance contracts, please see note 2.22.
/ii/ Group recognise other operating income not directly related to insurance operations and sales income from subsidiaries which main activities are not insurance operations. Other operating income is recognised when an invoice is issued.
The Group provides vehicle inspection services and similar services under fixed price contracts, where price lists are an integral part of each contract. The services are delivered in a short time (within one day), and revenue is recognized on the basis of the actual service after the Group fulfils the obligation to perform. Purchase contracts are simple and usually involve a single performance obligation. Customers are invoiced immediately after the delivery of the service, and payment follows the delivery of the service at the point of sale.
2.9. Operating expenses
/i/ Expenses from the insurance contract includes the costs of obtaining insurance and other costs incurred in the execution of the contract and which can be directly attribut able to the execution of the insurance contract (so-called a ttributable costs). For more details, please see note 2.22.
/ii/ Other operating expenses consist of all costs that are not attributable, are not allocated to groups of insurance contracts and are reported in the financial statements separately from the items of the technical result, i.e. the result from the insurance contract.
2.10. Investment income and expenses
Net investment income comprises of gains on investments in land and buildings, interest income calculated using the effective interest rate method, net gains/losses from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, net impairment/release of impairment of financial assets, net foreign exchange rate differences, income realised through participating interests (dividends, profit share, write-ups – increases in value) and other income and expenses from investments.
Gains on investments in land and buildings consist of income realised due to an increase in the value of land and buildings, gains on sale of land and buildings, land and buildings rental income and other gains on investments in land and buildings.
Land and buildings rental income and income from other operating leases are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the entire term of the lease.
Recognition of interest income and expenses from investments is disclosed in Note 2.17 “Financial instruments”.
2.11. Other financial expenses
Other financial expenses refer to interest costs based on lease agreements (see chapter 2.14 Leases), interest expenses on preferred shares and interest expenses based on other liabilities measured at amortized cost (see chapter 2.17 Financial instruments).
2.12. Intangible assets
Intangible assets are initially carried at cost, which includes the purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable tax after deducting trade discounts and rebates, as well as all other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to their working condition for their intended use.
Non-current intangible assets are recognised if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group, if the cost of the asset can be reliably measured, and if the cost exceeds EUR 465.
After initial recognition, assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.
The amortisation of assets commences when the assets are ready for use, i.e. when the assets are at the required location and the conditions necessary for use have been met. The amortisation of assets ceases when the assets are fully amortised or classified as assets held for sale. The amortisation is calculated by writing off the purchase cost of each particular asset during the estimated useful life of the asset, by applying the straight-line method. The estimated useful life of intangible assets is from 2 to 15 years (2022: from 2 to 15 years).
2.13. Property and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are initially carried at cost, which includes the purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable tax after deducting trade discounts and rebates, as well as all other costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to their working condition for their intended use.
Property, plant and equipment are recognised if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group, if the cost of the asset can be reliably measured, and if the cost exceeds EUR 465.
After initial recognition, land and buildings are carried at revalued amount, being their fair value at the date of revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses. The increase in value of assets due to the revaluation is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity under the heading of revaluation surplus. However, the increase is recognised in profit or loss to the extent that it reverses a revaluation decrease of the same asset previously recognised in profit or loss. If an asset's carrying amount is decreased as a result of a revaluation, the decrease is recognised in profit or loss. However, the decrease is recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of any credit balance existing in the revaluation surplus in respect of that asset. The decrease recognised in other comprehensive income reduces the amount accumulated in equity under the heading of revaluation surplus.
A revaluation is performed with sufficient regularity such that the carrying amount does not differ materially from that which would be determined using fair value at the balance sheet date. The Group assessed the fair value of these assets during 2019.
After initial recognition, equipment and other tangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.
Maintenance and repairs, replacements and improvements of minor scale are expensed when incurred. In situations where it can be clearly demonstrated that the expenditures have resulted in an increase in the future economic benefits expected to be obtained from the use of an asset beyond its originally assessed standard performance, the expenditures are capitalised and included in the carrying value of the asset.
Gains or losses on the retirement or disposal of assets are included in the income statement in the period when incurred.
The depreciation of assets commences when the assets are ready for use, i.e. when the assets are at the required location and the conditions necessary for use have been met. The depreciation of assets ceases when the assets are fully depreciated or classified as assets held for sale. Depreciation is charged so as to write off the cost of each asset, other than land and tangible assets under construction, over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method, as follows:

| 2023 Estimated useful life | 2022 Estimated useful life
Buildings | 40 years | 40 years
Furniture and equipment | 4-10 years | 4-10 years
Computer equipment | 3-4 years | 3-4 years
Vehicles | 5 years | 5 years

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.
2.14. Leases
The Group recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises:
 the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability,
 any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received,
 initial direct costs incurred,
 an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease, unless those costs are incurred to produce inventories. The lessee incurs the obligation for those costs either at the commencement date or as a consequence of having used the underlying asset during a particular period.
After the commencement date, the Group measures the right-of-use asset applying a cost model. To apply a cost model, the Group measures the right-of-use asset at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability.
The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term. Lease agreements are made for fixed and indefinite periods. For a lease that is made for an indefinite period, the Group estimates the lease term with respect to the possibility of extension or termination, the historical lease term or the significant cost of replacing the leased asset. The same was applied to lease agreements with a fixed period, and the lease term was reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
The Group mainly leases offices, vehicles and IT equipment.
At the commencement date, a lease liability is measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined (mostly in case of office premises lease), the Group use the incremental borrowing rate. As of 31.12.2023 the weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to lease liabilities recognised under IFRS 16 ranged from 2.57% to 5.25% (31.12.2022: from 2.57% to 5.25%). The Group determines its incremental borrowing rate based on publicly available information, considering various factors such as the lease term, the value of the leased asset, the economic environment, and the specifics related to the creditworthiness of the lessee.
At the commencement date, the lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following payments for the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term that are not paid at the commencement date:
 fixed payments less any lease incentives receivable,
 variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date,
 amounts expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees,
 the exercise price of a purchase option if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option,
 payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease.
After the commencement date, a Group measure the lease liability by:
 increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability,
 reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made,
 remeasuring the carrying amount to reflect any reassessment or lease modifications, or to reflect revised in-substance fixed lease payments.
Interest on the lease liability in each period during the lease term is the amount that produces a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the lease liability. The periodic rate of interest is the discount rate, or if applicable the revised discount rate.
The Group as lessee, in accordance with IFRS 16, elected not to apply the requirements of standard to:
 short-term leases (lease term of 12 months or less),
 leases for which the underlying asset is of low value (such as tablets and personal computers, telephones etc.).
In that case, the Group recognise the lease payments associated with those leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
In statement of financial position, right-of-use assets are presented within Property and equipment at cost model, while lease liabilities are presented within Financial liabilities at amortized cost.
Lease income in which the Group is lessor, are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the lease term in note 6.4 Income from Investment property. The Group leases business premises for a period of 1 to 8 years. Lease receivables are disclosed as Trade receivables in note 20 Trade receivables and other receivables.
2.15. Investment property
Investment property (land and buildings) that are not used for operations and that are owned by the Group that are held to enable the Group to earn rental income and/or for capital appreciation and are measured at fair value through profit or loss.
The Group measures the fair value of its investment property at the end of each accounting period, and such measurement is based on the appraisal by a hired appraiser.
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with it will flow to the Group and the cost can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. If an investment property becomes owner-occupied, it is reclassified to property and equipment, and its carrying amount at the date of reclassification becomes its deemed cost to be subsequently depreciated.
2.16. Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures
Subsidiaries are entities which are controlled by the Group.
Associates are companies in which the Company has significant influence but not control over the adoption and implementation of financial and operating policies.
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are presented in separate financial statements using the cost method.
2.17. Financial instruments
Accounting policies applicable from 1.1.2023.
/i/Classification and recognition
The Group allocates its financial instruments, i.e. financial assets, into the following categories regarding to the valuation method:

- valuation according to the amortized cost method ("AC"),
- valuation at fair value through the profit and loss account ("FVTPL") and
- valuation at fair value through other comprehensive income. ("FVOCI").

The classification of financial assets depends on the business model used for the financial assets management in which the individual instrument is acquired, the characteristics of the contracted cash flows, i.e. the results of the SPPI test, but also the fair valuation options provided by the IFRS 9 standard.
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it meets both of the following conditions:

- is held within a business model aimed at holding assets in order to collect contracted cash flows ("H eld to collect").

Financial assets within this business model are managed by the Group in order to generate cash flows by collecting contractual payments during the life of the instrument. The Group assesses the performance of assets based on realised interest income and credit losses. Collection of cash flows is an integral element of achieving the goal of this model, while sales of financial assets are limited to certain situations (sale close to maturity or if it is driven by credit risk, infrequent sale of significant amount of financial assets or frequent sale of insignificant amount of financial asset).
Although the goal of this business model is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows, the Group does not have to hold all instruments until they mature, that is, financial assets can be held within this model even if a certain part has been sold or is expected to be sold in the future periods.

- contracted cashflows relate exclusively to principal and interest payments based on the assessment of the characteristics of contractual cash flows ('SPPI test' - test which requires that the contractual terms of the financial asset (as a whole) give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amounts outstanding, ie cash flows that are consistent with a basic lending arrangement. The test consists from a set of criteria defined in alignment with the IFRS 9 standard, which are prescribed within the Group's internal acts).

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if they meet both of the following conditions:

- is held within a business model aimed at holding assets in order to collect contracted cash flows and sell financial assets ('Holdings for collection and sale').

The goal of this business model is the collection of contractual cash flows and the sale of financial assets. The group holds financial assets as part of this model in order to maintain a certain interest yield profile and to manage liquidity. Also, the goal of the model is to harmonize the maturities of financial assets and liabilities. The Group assesses the performance of assets based on realised interest income and profit or loss from sales.

- contracted cashflows relate exclusively to principal and interest payments based on the assessment of the characteristics of contractual cash flows ('SPPI test').

All financial assets that are not classified as measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income as described above (the "Other" business model), are measured at fair value through profit and loss. Furthermore, at initial recognition, the Group may irrevocably designate financial assets, which otherwise meet the requirements to be measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, measured at fair value through profit and loss if this eliminates or significantly reduces the accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.
As a rule, equity instruments do not have contractual cash flows, which are only the payment of principal and interest, and they are measured at fair value through profit or loss, unless upon initial recognition, for equity instruments that are not held for trading, the Group irrevocably decided to presents subsequent changes in the fair value of the investment in the equity instrument (recognition option through other comprehensive income) in the other comprehensive income. Investment funds and derivative financial instruments are recognized exclusively through classification, the valuation of which is carried out through the profit and loss account.
In addition, for each individual debt instrument at the time of acquisition, it is determined whether it is an instrument whose value at the time of (initial) recognition has been reduced by credit losses, due to the established significant credit risk. After the analysis, the Group identifies whether it is an asset that contains a significant credit risk at the time of (initial) recognition, i.e. whether it is classified as a "POCI asset". POCI assets are recognized at fair value at the time of acquisition. For POCI assets, the effective interest rate modified for credit risks (“CRAEIR”) is calculated. CRAEIR is a rate that discounts all expected cash flows, adjusted for expected credit losses, to fair value at the time of (initial) recognition, and which also represents the amortized cost of the instrument at that time.
The initial recognition of financial assets related to debt securities, bank deposits, reverse repo contracts and loans, and long-term receivables is recorded at fair value (acquisition cost), whereby transaction costs incurred during the investment are attributed to the acquisition cost. As an exception to the previous provision, the initial recognition of the mentioned financial asset, if it is classified at fair value through the profit and loss account, is recorded at fair value (acquisition cost), whereby transaction costs do not constitute the cost of acquisition, but charge the expenses of the accounting period in which they are arose.
/ii/Subsequent measurement
Subsequent recognition of transactions related to the holding of financial instruments according to valuation methods is as follows:

- valuation according to the amorti s ed cost method - at amorti s ed cost using the effective interest rate method. Interest income, gains and losses from exchange differences and impairment are recognized in the income statement. Any gain or loss from derecognition is also recognized in the income statement.
- valuation at fair value through profit and loss account - subsequent measurement is at fair value and all net gains and losses, including interest income, dividends and gains and losses from exchange differences are recognized in the income statement.
- valuation at fair value through other comprehensive income for debt securities – subsequent measurement is at fair value. Interest income, calculated using the effective interest method, gains and losses from exchange differences and impairment are recognized in the income statement. Other net gains and losses (changes from fair value) are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the fair value reserve. Upon derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss.
- valuation at fair value through other comprehensive income for equity securities - subsequent measurement is at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in the profit and loss account when the Group's right to dividend payment is established. Other net gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income and are never reclassified to profit or loss. After derecognition, cumulative gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income are transferred to retained earnings.

In the case of POCI assets, the CRAEIR calculated at the time of (initial) recognition is used for the calculation of interest income on POCI instruments throughout their lifetime and for subsequent determinations of the value of the instrument at amortized cost. For POCI assets, when calculating interest income, CRAEIR is applied to the amortized cost of POCI assets (net book value).
Principles of fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that can be realised on the measurement date by selling an asset or paying for the transfer of a liability in a regular transaction on the primary market, or, if such a market does not exist, on the most favorable market accessible on that date. The fair value of the liability reflects the risk of default. When available, the fair value of the instrument is based on a quoted price in an active market. A market is considered active if transactions related to assets or liabilities occur frequently enough and in sufficient volume to provide constant information on quoted prices.
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and financial assets through other comprehensive income is:

- their value determined on the basis of (non-adjusted) prices quoted on the active market for identical assets or liabilities on the reporting date (Level 1),
- If the market for financial assets or liabilities is not active (and for securities that are not listed) or if, for other reasons, the fair value cannot be reliably determined based on the market price, the Group determines the fair value based on the price for similar assets or on the basis of other inputs which are observable and not related to quoted prices, such as interest rates and yield curves available at regular intervals, credit spreads, etc. (Level 2),
- When neither of the above is available, the Group applies various valuation techniques that use all relevant information and inputs that can help estimate fair value (Level 3) such as the discounted cash flow method, the comparable company method, etc.

When applying the discounted cash flow method, the estimated future cash flows are based on the best estimate of the management, and the discount rate is the market rate valid on the reporting date for financial instruments with similar terms.
/iii/Impairment of financial assets - calculation and recognition of expected credit losses
Expected credit losses related to a particular instrument are estimated on the basis of expected future cash flows (based on principal, interest, fees and commissions) related to the contract, including the amounts that may arise from the realization of the relevant collateral. All expected cash flows are reduced to present value by discounting at the relevant effective interest rate. The calculation of expected credit losses depends on the estimated assumed credit risk and on the change in credit risk arising from the moment of the initial assessment, i.e. from the initial recognition.
For each reporting date, the Group recognizes impairment provisions for expected credit losses ("ECL") for debt financial instruments classified as AC or FVOCI.
Group measures the expected credit losses of a financial instrument in a way that reflects:

- an unbiased and probabilistically determined amount based on an assessment of the range of possible outcomes;
- the time value of money and
- reasonable and substantiated information, available at the reporting date without undue cost or effort, about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

When measuring expected credit losses, the Group does not determine every possible scenario, but takes into account the estimated risk or probability of credit loss in possible scenarios of changes in macroeconomic conditions.
In simplified terms, expected credit losses are calculated as the product of the probability of default ("PD "), loss given default ("LGD ") and exposure at default ("EaD"). Default status is considered to have occurred when one or both circumstances have occurred: the improbability of payment by the debtor, when the Group considers that the payment of existing loan obligations in full by the debtor is unlikely to be without the realization of collateral and when there has been a materially significant delay in payment, i.e. the debtor is late with the payment of due obligations towards the Group for more than 90 days.
Probability-weighted scenarios- expected credit losses are modeled by several forward-looking scenarios, which take into account the probability of occurrence of "stressful" and favorable economic conditions, so that the resulting value of the ECL represents a probable-weighted number based on the results of several analyzed economic scenarios within which credit risk parameters are modeled.
The appropriate selection of a set of representative economic scenarios based on the impartial and objective information available to the Group, as well as the probability of a particular (representative) economic scenario, is determined by the relevant organizational units of the Group by the expert method.
There are 3 credit risk groups for debt financial assets:

- Stage 1 – the first level of credit risk, i.e. the level of the lowest risk initially assigned to all new exposures, except in the case of POCI instruments. If, after initial recognition, the credit risk of a financial instrument has not significantly increased by the reporting date, the amount of provisions for impairment for that financial instrument is equal to the expected credit losses in the twelve-month period, whereby the one-year probability of default (PD) of the observed issuer is taken into account for the calculation and the total possible l oss given default (LGD).
- Stage 2 – if after initial recognition until the reporting date there was a significant increase in the credit risk of a financial instrument, the amount of provisions for impairment for that financial instrument is equal to the lifetime expected credit losses for the entire period, taking into account the cumulative probability of default of the observed issuer (cumulative PD) and total possible loss given default (LGD).
- Stage 3 – the third level of credit risk assigned to individual credit exposures for which the status of default has been established from the moment of initial recognition. For all credit exposures where default status has been identified, the lifetime expected credit loss is calculated, taking into account the observed issuer's probability of default (PD), which is 100%, and the total possible loss given default (LGD).

Changes in the total calculated ECL within the reporting periods are shown through the profit and loss account. Any change in the fair value of a debt instrument includes the effect of a change in the credit risk of the issuer of that financial instrument. For all debt instruments that are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, it is necessary to estimate and report value adjustments, i.e. provisions for expected credit losses. All changes in the amount of provisions for expected credit losses are recognized in the profit and loss account, and the book value of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income in the statement of financial position is not reduced, but an increase in the revaluation reserve in equity is recognized since the amount of value adjustments in the name of expected credit losses, already included in the cumulative amount of the change in fair value, also shown in other comprehensive income. Changes in fair value that were previously recognized in other comprehensive income are recycled in full to the income statement after the derecognition of the debt instrument.
If Group identified increased credit risk during initial classification, financial instrument is classified as POCI – credit-impaired instrument (purchased or originated credit-impaired instrument, i.e. purchased or originated credit-impaired asset). For POCI assets, the Group recognizes in the reporting period only the cumulative change in expected credit losses over the entire life of the financial asset compared to initial recognition. If there is a positive change in the expected credit losses in relation to the initially determined expected credit losses, the Group recognizes a reversal of impairment loss, even if the expected credit losses during the lifetime are lower than the amount of expected credit losses that were included in the estimated cash flows, while in the event of a negative change in expected credit losses in relation to the initially determined expected credit losses, impairment provisions are formed.
For financial assets classified as Stage 1 and Stage 2, interest income is calculated using the effective interest rate on the gross book value, while for financial assets classified as Stage 3, interest income is calculated using the effective interest rate on the net book value, i.e. to the value minus the expected credit risk.
/iv/Reclassification of financial instruments
Reclassification of financial instruments is possible if and only if the business model is changed for the purpose of managing the financial assets in question. Such changes are expected to be very rare. Such changes must be significant for the business and must be able to be proven by a sequence of external and internal changes.
If the Group reclassifies financial assets, it is obliged to apply the reclassification prospectively from the date of reclassification, which means that it will not revise previously recognized gains, losses (including impairments) and interests.
/v/Specific instruments and financial liabilities
Derivative financial instruments
As part of its regular operations, the Group concludes contracts on derivative financial instruments for the purpose of managing risk (contribution to risk reduction) or to facilitate efficient portfolio management. Therefore, these financial instruments are classified as Financial assets or liabilities held for trading – at fair value through profit and loss - derivatives.
Increase / decrease in fair value is recognized as an asset if their fair value is positive and liabilities if their fair value is negative and changes in fair value of derivatives are included in profit or loss i.e. in Net investment income.
Other financial liabilities include all financial liabilities that are not allocated to the fair value category through profit and loss account.
Obligations for preferred shares - a preferred share with the feature of mandatory payment by the issuer for a precisely determined or determinable amount, on a determined or determinable future date, or which gives the holder the right to demand payment by the issuer on or after a specified date, for a precisely determined or determinable amount, represents a financial obligation.
The Group classifies preferred shares as financial liabilities and values them at amortized cost.
Other financial liabilities at amortized cost except lease liabilities (loan liabilities, repo liabilities, etc.) – are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. Interest expenses and gains and losses from exchange differences are recognized in the income statement. Gain or loss on derecognition is also recognized in the income statement.
/vi/Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and presented in the financial statement on a net basis when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and an intention to settle on a net basis, or the acquisition of assets and settlement of liabilities take place simultaneously.
/vii/Derecognition of financial assets and financial liabilities
Derecognition of asset finance occurs when the contractual right to receive cash flows from the financial asset or its sale expires, which means that the Group essentially transfers all the risks and benefits of ownership to another business entity or when the rights have been realised, transferred or expired.
Similar as with financial liability, the Group ceases to recognize a financial liability (or part of a financial liability) from its statement of financial position only when it is settled, that is, when the contractual obligation is fulfilled, canceled or when it expires.
At the moment of sale or other derecognition of financial assets, all realised gains or losses for the period are reported in the income statement.
An exception is the sale of equity instruments for which the OCI option was selected during initial recognition, or which are classified as FVOCI. In the case of the sale of these equity instruments, all realised gains and losses resulting from gains on the value (price) as well as all effects arising from exchange rate differences are recognized in retained earnings, not in the current period's income statement.
In the case of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability (or part of the financial liability) that is settled or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-monetary assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in the income statement.
Upon derecognition, previously recognized financial assets and liabilities are removed from the Group's financial position statement.
Accounting policies applicable until 31.12.2022.:
/i/ Classification and recognition
The Group classifies its financial instruments into the following categories: financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and receivables, available-for-sale financial assets, held-to-maturity investments and other financial liabilities. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets and liabilities were acquired.
The Management Board determines the classification of financial assets and financial liabilities at initial recognition and, where appropriate, re-evaluates this designation at each reporting date.
Financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are those that are classified as assets and liabilities held for trading or those that the Group initially classified as at fair value through profit or loss.
Trading assets and liabilities are those assets and liabilities that the Group acquires or incurs principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term or holds as a part of a portfolio that is managed together for short-term profit or position taking as well as for the purpose of hedging (derivatives financial instruments).
The Group designates financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss when either:
the assets and liabilities are managed, evaluated and reported internally on a fair value basis;
the designation eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch which would otherwise arise; or
the asset or liability contains an embedded derivative that significantly modifies the cash flows that would otherwise be required under the contract.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss is included in debt and equity securities, investments funds and other financial assets held for trading. Derivatives are classified as assets held for trading. The Group does not use hedge accounting.
Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market, other than those:
that the entity intends to sell immediately or in a short period of time and that will be classified as financial assets held for trading, and that which the Management classifies at initial recognition as assets at fair value through profit or loss;
that the entity, upon initial recognition, classifies as available for sale; or
for which it is unlikely that the entity will recover the larger portion of the initial investment value, except in the case of credit rating deterioration, and which will be classified as available for sale.
Loans and receivables are created when the Group approves financial resources to clients without the intention to trade in such receivables, and they include deposits with credit institutions, loans secured mostly by mortgages and loans given to the insured parties from mathematical provisions for life insurance, secured by life insurance policies.
Held-to-maturity financial assets
Held-to-maturity financial assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturity that an entity has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity and are quoted in an active market. Held-to-maturity investments include state and corporate bonds with fixed income.
Available-for-sale financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classified in any of the other categories. Financial assets designated as available for sale are intended to be held for an indefinite period of time, but may be sold in response to needs for liquidity or changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, or equity prices.
Other financial liabilities
Other financial liabilities include all financial liabilities that are not classified in the category at fair value through profit or loss (preference shares) and derivative financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss (Note 2.17 /iv/).
/ii/ Recognition and derecognition
Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity investments and available-for-sale financial assets are recognised on the trading date, that is, the date on which the Group commits to purchasing or selling the instrument. Loans and receivables as well as financial liabilities are initially recognized on the date of occurrence, that is, on the day they are advanced to borrowers or received from lenders.
The Group derecognises financial assets (in full or in part) when the contractual rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset have expired or when it loses control over the contractual rights to such financial assets. This occurs when the Group essentially transfers all risks and benefits to another business entity, or when the rights are exercised, surrendered or expired.
The Group derecognises financial liabilities only when are extinguished, that is, when they are discharged, cancelled or expired, or when they are transferred. Should the terms of financial liabilities substantially change, the Group shall derecognise that particular liability and at the same time recognise a new financial liability, with new terms.
Initial and subsequent measurement
Financial assets and liabilities are recognised initially at their fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset or financial liability not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset or financial liability.
After initial recognition, the Group measures financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss, and available-for-sale financial assets at their fair value, without any deduction for selling costs.
For financial instruments traded in active markets, the determination of fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities is based on quoted market prices. This includes listed equity securities and quoted debt instruments on official stock exchanges.
For all other financial instruments, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. In these techniques, fair values are estimated from observable financial information based on which value is determined using the discounted cash flow method and/or the method of comparable companies and transactions.
In cases where the fair value of unlisted equity instruments cannot be determined reliably, the instruments are carried at cost.
Loans and receivables and held-to-maturity investments are measured at amortised cost net of impairment. Financial liabilities not classified at fair value through profit or loss are measured at amortised cost. Premiums and discounts, including initial transaction costs, are included in the carrying amount of the associated instrument and amortized using the effective interest rate of that instrument.
Gains and losses
Gains and losses arising from a change in the fair value of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in profit or loss.
Gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of available-for-sale monetary assets are recognised in other comprehensive income. Impairment losses, foreign exchange gains and losses, interest income and amortisation of premium or discount using the effective interest method on available-for-sale mon etary assets are recognis ed in profit or loss. Foreign exchange differences resulting from revaluation of non-monetary financial assets denominated in or linked to foreign currency that are classified as available for sale are recognised within other comprehensive income, along with all other changes in their fair value, whereas income earned from dividends is recognised through profit or loss. Upon sale or other derecognition of available-for-sale financial assets, all cumulative gains or losses are transferred from other comprehensive income to profit or loss.
Gains and losses on financial instruments carried at amortised cost may also arise, and are recognised in profit or loss, when a financial instrument is derecognized or when its value is impaired.
Apart from gains and losses arising from the change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets which are recognized in other comprehensive income, as described above, all other gains and losses and interest are recognised in profit or loss in line items “Net investment income”.
Fair value measurement principles
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and financial assets available for sale is their quoted market price at the reporting date without any deduction for estimated future costs to sell. If the financial assets market (including the unlisted securities market) is not active, or if, for any other reason the fair value cannot be reliably measured on the basis of the market price, the Group determines the fair value based on observable prices (prices of similar or identical items), and when this is not available, it applies various estimation techniques that use all relevant information and inputs that can help in estimating the fair value. This includes the use of prices attained in recent transactions between knowledgeable and willing parties, reference to other essentially similar instruments, discounted cash flow analysis and option pricing models, maximising the use of observable market data and relying as little as possible on entity-specific estimates.
Where discounted cash flow techniques are used, estimated future cash flows are based on the Management Board’s best estimates and the discount rate is the market rate effective at the reporting date and used for financial instruments with similar conditions. Where a pricing model is used, the market related rates effective at the reporting date are used.
/iii/ Impairment of financial assets
At each reporting date the Group assesses whether there is objective evidence that financial assets not classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are impaired. Financial assets are impaired when objective evidence demonstrates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event has an impact on the future cash flows of the asset that can be estimated reliably.
The Group considers the evidence of impairment for both a specific asset and at group level. All individually significant financial assets are tested for impairment. All individually significant financial assets where impairment has not been identified are included in the base for testing for impairment on a collective basis for impairment that has occurred but has yet to be identified. Assets that are not individually significant are tested for impairment by grouping together financial assets (presented at amortised cost) on the basis of shared risk characteristics.
Objective evidence of impairment of financial assets (including equity securities) includes default or delinquency by a borrower, restructuring of loans or advances by the Group on terms that the Group would not otherwise consider, indications that a borrower or issuer will enter bankruptcy, or other available data relating to a group of assets, such as adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers or issuers within the group, or economic conditions that are connected with defaults within the group.
For the purposes of assessing impairment at portfolio level, the Group relies on historical experience in terms of loss rates, periods of loss recognition, adjusted for the purposes of the Management Board’s assessment as to whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses may be higher or lower than before. Loss rates and the expected recognition period are reviewed regularly.
Impairment losses on assets carried at amortised cost are measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the financial assets and the present value of estimated cash flows discounted at the assets’ original effective interest rate. Losses are recognised through profit or loss and reflected in impairment provisions.
In the case of equity investments classified as available for sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the investment below its cost is considered as an indicator of impairment. If any such evidence exists for available-for-sale financial assets, the cumulative loss, calculated as the difference between the cost and current fair value, less any loss on impairment of that financial asset that was previously recognised in profit or loss, is transferred from other comprehensive income and recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in profit or loss on equity securities cannot be subsequently reversed through profit or loss, but all value increases are recognised in other comprehensive income until the final sale.
If a subsequent event results in the decrease in the amount of impairment loss for financial assets that are presented at amortised cost and for debt securities available for sale, the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed and recognised through profit or loss. Changes in the amount of impairment related to the time value of money are recognised as a component of interest income.
/iv/ Specific instruments
Debt securities
Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity investments or financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, or as financial assets available for sale, depending on the purpose for which the debt security has been acquired.
Loans and advances to banks
Deposits with banks are classified as loans and receivables and valued at amortised cost less impairment losses.
Equity securities
Equity securities are classified as assets at fair value through profit or loss or as available-for-sale financial assets and measured at fair value, unless it is impossible to reliably establish the fair value (as described above) when they are measured at cost.
Loans and receivables from policyholders
Loans and receivables from policyholders are presented at amortised cost less impairment to reflect the estimated recoverable amounts.
Investments in funds
Investments in open-end investment funds are classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss or as financial assets available for sale and they are measured at current fair value.
Investments for the account and risk of life insurance policyholders
Investments for the account and risk of life insurance policyholders include investments in unit-linked products and are classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
Derivative financial instruments
As part of its regular operations, the Group concludes contracts on derivative financial instruments for the purpose of managing currency risk and therefore these financial instruments are classified as Financial assets or liabilities held for trading - derivatives. Derivatives of the Group include foreign exchange forward and swap contracts.
Increase / decrease in fair value is recognized as an asset if their fair value is positive and liabilities if their fair value is negative and changes in fair value of derivatives are included in profit or loss i.e. in financial income and expenses.
/iv/ Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and presented in the financial statement on a net basis when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and an intention to settle on a net basis, or the acquisition of assets and settlement of liabilities take place simultaneously.
2.18. Receivables
/i/ Receivables from customers and other receivables include receivables from customers for goods sold or services delivered, receivables from the government, card companies, advances, etc.
Receivables from customers are stated at amortized cost less impairment.
Revenue recognition is described in Note 2.8. Revenue recognition.
/ii/ For short-term receivables without significant financial components, the Group applies a simplified approach in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 9 and estimates the value adjustment for the expected lifetime of credit losses from the initial recognition of the receivable (described in chapter 2.17 Financial instruments).
/iii/Receivables for default interest together with the related income are recognized when the default interest is collected.
/iv/ Prepaid expenses - refers to expenses that relate to future periods and/or are paid in advance (eg rent, insurance premiums, license costs, advertising costs, professional literature costs, etc.) and are recorded as a deferred cost.
2.19. Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits
/i/ Cash consists of balances with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term, high-liquidity investments that can be converted at any time into known amounts of cash and are not exposed to significant changes in value. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents generally approximate their fair value.
/ii/ For the purposes of reporting on cash flows, cash and cash equivalents refer to cash with banks and in hand, as well as deposits with original maturity up to three months.
/iii/At each reporting date, the Group recognizes loss allowance for expected credit losses, which is described in detail in chapter 2.17 Financial instruments.
2.20. Income tax
The tax expense represents the sum of the current tax liability and deferred tax.
Current tax
The current tax liability is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in the statement of comprehensive income because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is the amount for which it is expected that a liability will arise based on the differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences, and deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition, other than in a business combination, of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognized on the basis of revaluation of land and buildings and of financial assets through other comprehensive income and insurance and reinsurance contracts.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The calculation of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the amount at which the Company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted and are classified as non-current assets and/or liabilities.
Current and deferred income tax for the period
Current and deferred tax is recognised as an expense or income in income statement, except when they relate to items credited or debited to other comprehensive income in which case the deferred tax is also recognised in comprehensive income.
2.21. Capital
In its financial records the Group records capital categorized as follows: subscribed capital, share premium, fair value reserve, reserves (statutory reserves, legal reserves, other reserves), retained profit and current year profit/(loss).
/i/ Subscribed capital represents the indivisible share capital of the Company, paid in full
/ii/ Revaluation reserve
The revaluation reserve includes profits from the revaluation of properties, net of taxes. The revaluation reserve is transferred directly to retained profit in proportion to the depreciation of the asset.
Up to 31.12.2022., revaluation reserve of available-for-sale financial assets includes unrealised gains and losses from changes in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of impairment and deferred tax.
After 1.1.2023., revaluation reserve of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income includes unrealised gains and losses from changes in fair value of financial assets, net of deferred tax.
The revaluation reserve also includes the financial reserve from insurance and reinsurance contracts, net of taxes, which includes the effects of changes in the valuation of assets and liabilities from insurance and reinsurance contracts resulting from a change in the current discount rate compared to the initial one (the so-called "locked-in") discount rate.
/iii/ Allocations to statutory reserves, legal reserves, other reserves and retained profit are regulated by the Decisions of the Company’s General Assembly.
/iv/ The current year income is presented according to the balance as at reporting date and it is transferred to the upcoming fiscal year. The utilization or allocation of profit is determined by the Decision of the Company’s General Assembly.
2.22. Insurance contracts
An insurance contract is contract on the basis of which one party (issuer) assumes a significant insurance risk from the other party (the policyholder) and agrees to pay the policyholder compensation if the policyholder suffers damage due to an uncertain future event (insured event).
The Group is required to make a classification of all insurance contracts and conducts a test to determine whether the Group accepts a significant insurance risk from the policyholder when creating new product.
Certain insurance contracts issued by the Group in which the investor is entitled to and expected to receive, in addition to an amount not subject to the Group's discretion, potentially significant supplemental benefits based on the return of certain pools of investment assets, meet the criteria of a contract with a discretionary participation feature (DPF).
When identifying contracts in the scope of IFRS 17, in some cases the Group will have to assess whether a set or series of contracts should be treated as a single contract and whether embedded derivatives, investment components and goods and services components have to be separated and calculated according to a different standard.
In the Group's life insurance contracts, there are no contracts that contain one or more components whose separation from the basic contract would be required under IFRS 17.
/i/ Level of aggregation
Insurance contracts are aggregated into groups for measurement purposes and are determined firstly by identifying insurance portfolios, each comprising contracts subject to similar risks which are managed together. Contracts in different product lines are expected to be in different portfolios. Each portfolio is then divided into groups of contracts for which the recognition and measurement requirements under IFRS 17 apply. Upon initial recognition, The Group divides each portfolio into annual cohorts according to the beginning of the coverage year and each annual cohort is classified into one of the following groups:

- a group of contracts that are onerous upon initial recognition;
- a group of contracts for which, upon initial recognition, there is no significant possibility of becoming onerous subsequently;
- other groups of contracts, if they exist.

After the initial recognition, the classification of the contract in the insurance group is no longer changed. Reinsurance contracts are generally valued individually.
The level of aggregation requirements of IFRS 17 limit the offsetting of gains on groups of profitable contracts, through deferred recognition of contractual service margin ("CSM"), against losses on groups of onerous contracts, which are recognized immediately.
/ii/ Contract boundaries
The coverage period represents the contract boundary relevant when applying IFRS 17 requirements because the measurement of a group of contracts includes all of the future cash flows within the boundaries of each contract in that group.

- Insurance contracts

Cash flows are within the contract boundary if they arise from substantive rights and obligations that exist during the reporting period in which the Group can compel the policyholder to pay premiums or in which the Group has a substantive obligation to provide the policyholder with the insurance contract services. A substantive obligation to provide services ends when:

- the Group has the practical ability to reassess the risks of the particular policyholder and as a result, can set a price or level of benefits that fully reflects those reassessed risks; or
- the Group has the practical ability to reassess the risks of the portfolio that contract contains, and consequently, can set a price or level of benefits that fully reflects the risks of that portfolio, and the pricing of the premiums up to the reassessment date does not take into account risks that relate to periods after the reassessment date.

Groups of issued insurance contracts are initially recognized upon the occurrence of the first of the following events at the beginning of the coverage period:

- coverage start date,
- when the first payment from the policyholder becomes due,
- when the Company determines that a group of insurance contracts becomes onerous.

In the portfolio of life insurance contracts it is not possible to change the terms of the insurance contract in the context of the requirements of IFRS 17.72. Therefore, the only criterion for derecognition of an insurance contract is the expiration or fulfillment of the obligations specified in the contract in accordance with the requirement of IFRS 17.74.

- Reinsurance contracts

For reinsurance contracts, cash flows are within the contract boundary if they arise from substantive rights and obligations that exist during the reporting period in which the Group is compelled to pay amounts to the reinsurer or has a substantive right to receive services from the reinsurer. A substantive right to receive services from the reinsurer ends when the reinsurer:

- has the practical ability to reassess the risks transferred to it and can set a price or level of benefits that fully reflects those reassessed risks; or
- has a substantive right to terminate the coverage.

/iii/ Initial and subsequent measurement of insurance contracts
Measurement method depends on the insurance contract characteristics. Below are more detailed individual models.

- General measurement model – GMM and Variable fee approach – VFA

At initial recognition, the Group measures the contract group with a general model (General measurement model – GMM). The general model measures the group of insurance contracts at the level of:
(a) total cash flows from the performance of the contract, which include:
(i) estimates of future cash flows;
(ii) adjustments to reflect the time value of money and the financial risks associated with future cash flows where financial risks are not included in future cash flow estimates; and
(iii) adjustment of value for non-financial risk.
(b) the total margin for the service contracted (Contractual service margin – CSM).
The fulfillment cash flows from the group of contracts do not reflect the risk of non-performance of Group's obligations. Estimation of the value of future cash flows is measured as the present value of future gross expenditure (fees and expenses) reduced by the present value of future gross income (gross premium of future periods) taking into account the estimated probabilities of possible outcomes. All cash flows are discounted using risk-free interest rates adjusted to reflect the characteristics of the cash flows and, were applicable, the liquidity characteristics of the contracts.
The risk adjustment for non-financial risk for a group of contracts, determined separately from the other estimates, is the compensation required for uncertainty regarding the amount and timing of the cash flows arising from non-financial risk.
The CSM of a group of contracts represents the unearned profit that the Group will recognize as it provides services under those insurance contracts.
Upon initial recognition of a group of contracts, the group is not onerous if the total of the following is a net inflow:
(a) cashflows from the fulfillment of contract;
(b) any cash flows arising from related group of contracts at that date; and
(c) any amount arising from the derecognition of any assets or liabilities previously recognized for cash flows related to a group of contracts.
In the case of net outflows, the group of contracts constitutes onerous contracts and the net outflow is recognized as a loss in the profit and loss account. The Group determines the loss component of the liability for remaining coverage period for the onerous group by stating the losses displayed in accordance with the above mentioned. The loss component determines the amounts that are recognized in the profit and loss account as reversals of losses under onerous contracts and are, therefore, excluded from income from insurance contracts.
Subsequently, the carrying amount of a insurance contract assets and liabilities (statutory technical provisions of insurance contracts) at each reporting date is the sum of the liability for remaining coverage and the liability for claims incurred. The liability for remaining coverage comprises the fulfilment cash flows that relate to services that will be provided under the contracts in future periods and any remaining CSM at that date or loss component at that date. The liability for claims incurred includes the fulfilment cash flows for claims incurred and expenses that have not yet been paid, including claims that have been incurred but not yet reported.
The fulfilment cash flows of groups of contracts are measured at the reporting date using current estimates of future cash flows, current discount rates and current estimates of the risk adjustment for non-financial risk. Changes in fulfilment cash flows are recognized as follows:

Changes related to future services | Adjusted against the CSM (or recognized in the insurance service result in profit or loss if the group is onerous)
Changes related to current or past services | Recognized in the insurance service result in profit or loss
Effects of time value of money, financial risk and changes on estimated future cash flows | Recognized as part of net financial income or expense from the insurance contract

The CSM is adjusted subsequently only for changes in fulfilment cash flows that relate to future services and other specified amounts and is recognized in profit or loss account as services are provided. The CSM at each reporting date represents the profit in the group of contracts that has not yet been recognized in profit or loss account because it relates to future service.
Regarding life insurance reinsurance contracts, the Group applies the same accounting policies as for the measurement of a group of insurance contracts.
Cash flows from acquisition costs arise from the activities of sales and underwriting of a group of contracts that are directly attributable to the portfolio of contracts to which the group belongs. For life insurance contracts, cash flows from insurance acquisition are allocated to groups of contracts using systematic and rational methods. The Group applies the above model for life insurance contracts and loan insurance contracts in the non-life insurance segment.
A variation of the general measurement model, called the "variable fee approach", is also envisaged, which shall be applied to certain life insurance contracts in which the owners of insurance policies participate in the change in the fair value of the specific items defined by the relevant insurance contracts. Application of this model is mandatory if certain criterias are met. Reinsurance contracts cannot have the characteristics of direct participation. It is considered that insurance contracts with features of direct participation essentially create a liability to the policyholders in an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying investments less the variable service fee. This fee is equal to the amount of the Group's share in the fair value of underlying investments less fulfilment cash flows that do not vary based on the returns on underlying investments.
Insurance contracts with direct participation features are insurance contracts that are essentially investment-related service contracts under which the entity promises a return on investment based on the related investments. Therefore, they are defined as insurance contracts for which the following applies:

- it is established in the contractual conditions that the policyholder participates in a part of a clearly defined set of related investments;
- the Group expects to pay the policyholder an amount equal to a substantial share of the recovery of the fair value of the related investments; and
- t he Group expects that a significant proportion of any changes in amounts payable to the policyholder will change based on changes in the fair value of the related investments.

The Group assesses whether the specified conditions are met when concluding the contract and does not re-evaluate these conditions later, unless the contract is amended. IFRS 17 specifies how CSM is adjusted in subsequent measurements, i.e. at the end of the reporting period. This adjustment differs from GMM method because it requires additional adjustments for changes in the amount of the Group's share in underlying investments and financial risks other than those arising from related investments, for example the effect of financial guarantees.

- Premium allocation approach – PAA

The Premium allocation approach (PAA) is a simplified measurement model in IFRS 17 that is available for insurance and reinsurance contracts for which . the Group reasonably expects that such simplification would produce a measurement of the liability for remaining coverage for the group that would not differ materially from GMM measurement or the coverage period of each contract in the group is one year or less.
The Group applies PAA to all contracts in the non-life insurance segment, except loan insurance to which the general measurement model as described in the life insurance section is applied, as the following criteria are expected to be met at initial recognition:

- Insurance contracts and disproportionate reinsurance contracts: the coverage of each contract in the group of contracts is one year or less.
- Reinsurance contracts containing related risks: the result of measuring assets for the remaining coverage does not differ significantly from the results obtained of the application of the general measurement model.

Upon initial recognition of each group of non-life insurance contracts, the carrying amount of the liability for remaining coverage is measured on the premiums received upon initial recognition. The Group recognizes the cash flows from the acquisition of insurance as an expense when they arise, except for commission costs, which are accrued for the duration of the insurance contract and recognized based on the passage of time.
Subsequently, the carrying amount of the liability for remaining coverage is increased by any further premiums received and decreased by the amount recognized as insurance revenue for services provided and decreases by the paid commission and increased by the amortized part of the commission. The time between providing each part of the services and the related premium due date will not exceed one year. Accordingly, as permitted by IFRS 17, the Group does not adjust the liability for remaining coverage to reflect the time value of money and the effect of financial risk.
If at any time before and during the coverage period, facts and circumstances indicate that a group of contracts is onerous, then the Group recognizes a loss in profit or loss account and increases the liability for remaining coverage to the extent that the current estimates of the fulfilment cash flows that relate to remaining coverage exceed the carrying amount of the liability for remaining coverage. In that case, the fulfilment cash flows are discounted.
The Group recognizes the liability for incurred claims of a group of contracts at the amount of the fulfilment cash flows relating to incurred claims and the future cash flows are discounted.
The Group applies the same accounting policies to measure a group of reinsurance contracts, adapted where necessary to reflect features that differ from those of insurance contracts.
/vi/ Measurement - significant judgments and estimates

- Estimates of future cash flows

In estimating future cash flows, the Group includes in an unbiased manner all reasonable and reliable data available without undue cost and effort regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of those future cash flows at the reporting date. This information includes both internal and external historical data about claims and other experiential data, updated to reflect current expectations of future events.
The estimates of future cash flows reflect the Group’s view of current conditions at the reporting date, as long as the estimates of any relevant market variables are consistent with observable market prices.
When estimating future cash flows, the Group takes into account current expectations of future events that might affect those cash flows. However, expectations of future changes in legislation that would change or annul a present obligation or create new obligations under existing contracts are not taken into account until the change in legislation is substantively enacted.
Cash flows within the contract boundary are those that relate directly to the fulfilment of the contract, including those for which the Group has discretion over the amount or timing. This includes premiums (including policyholders' premium adjustments and installment premiums and any additional cash flows resulting from these premiums), payments to (or on behalf of) the policyholder, cash flows from the acquisition of insurance and other costs incurred in performing the contract. Insurance acquisition cash flows and other costs that are incurred in fulfilling contracts comprise both direct costs and an allocation of fixed and variable overheads which can be directly attributed to the execution of the insurance contract (i.e. Attributable costs).
Cost cash flows are distributed into groups of contracts using systematic and meaningful methods that are consistently applied to all costs with similar characteristics. A significant part of direct administrative costs are directly allocated to life and non-life insurance segments. Administrative costs that cannot be directly allocated to life or non-life insurance are allocated by the Group on the basis of an analysis of the time spent of administrative employees on activities related to life and non-life insurance. The allocation of these costs within a particular segment to the associated insurance groups is carried out on the basis of a share of the annual insurance income. Further allocation of non-life insurance contracts costs to non-life insurance groups is carried out on the basis of estimates of the share in insurance income in the past period of the current accounting year. For life insurance contracts, the further allocation of costs to the insurance groups is based on the number of active policies in the accounting period.
Other non-attributable expenses are not allocated to groups of insurance contracts and are reported in the financial statements separately from the technical result items, i.e. results from the insurance contract.

- Discount rates

The Group sets discount rates with the so-called Bottom-up approach, creating a risk-free interest curve using market yields of government bonds as well as the market yields of other highly liquid financial instruments in the corresponding currency, with the application of credit risk correction and EIOPA methodology for extrapolation. To reflect the liquidity characteristics of insurance contracts, risk-free interest curves can be further adjusted by illiquidity adjustment, if needed. The discount rates used on the date of initial recognition (so-called "locked-in") are determined as the average of the discount rates at the end of the months within the accounting period in which new contracts enter the group of insurance contracts.
The Group measures life insurance obligations by discounting future cash flows (cash flows from the execution of life insurance group contracts) with the application of current discount rates at the appropriate measurement date. The current discount rates are also used for the margin for the contractual obligation and the loss component of the VFA method. Locked-in discount rates are used for the margin for contractual obligations and for the loss component of the GMM method and for coverage units.
The Group discounts cash flows of non-life insurance contracts measured in accordance with the general measurement model (loan insurance). For all other contracts, for which the premium distribution model – PAA applies, cash flows from the performance of contracts relating to claims incurred are also discounted. Applicable discount rates are determined in accordance with the methodology described earlier.

- Adjustment of value for non-financial risk

Risk adjustments for non-financial risk is determined to reflect the compensation that the Group requires for bearing non-financial risk and its level of risk aversion. They are determined separately for the life and non-life contracts.
The adjustment of value for non-financial risk is determined using the following techniques:

- for measurement of the adjustment of value for non-financial risk in non-life insurances two methods are used: the quantum method and the cost of capital method, where the choice of the method depends on the availability of data and the stability of the results of statistical calculations of a particular portfolio; exceptionally, due to the nature of the risk, a method based on shock scenarios can also be used for liabilities for annuity claims. The confidence level of the adjustment for non-financial risk for the non-life insurance segment is 80%, and it was calculated from the net cash flows for claims using the copula method.
- for life insurance contracts: The calculation of the value correction for non-financial risk for life insurance is based on shock scenarios with explicit margins. These margins are derived on the basis of the corresponding shocks from the life insurance risk submodules defined in Solvency II. The shocks calibrated by EIOPA in Solvency II were adjusted to the requirements of IFRS 17 and the target confidence interval. The confidence level of the adjustment for non-financial risk for the life insurance segment is 80%, and it was calculated on the basis of the correlation matrix and individual confidence levels.

- CSM - Contractual Service Margin

The CSM of a group of contracts is recognized in profit or loss account to reflect the services provided under the group of insurance contracts in that period. This amount is determined by identifying the coverage units in the group of contracts, evenly distributing the CSM at the end of the period (before any allocation) to each coverage unit insured in the current period and expected to be insured in the future, and recognized in the profit and loss account the amount of the units allocated to the coverage units insured in that period.
The number of coverage units is the measure of quantity of services provided by a group of contracts, taking into account for each contract the quantity of benefits provided and the expected coverage period.
If there is a loss component instead of a contractual service margin, the Group allocates the following items between the loss component and the remain reserve for residual coverage:

- Expected insurance claims and administration costs in the period
- Change in risk adjustment in the period.

Allocations are made based on the ratio of the loss component and the cash flows from the fulfillment of the insurance contract, which refer to the expected future cash outflows.
/v/ Presentation and disclosure
Amounts recognized in the profit or loss statement are disaggregated into:

- an insurance service result, comprising insurance revenue and insurance service expenses; and
- net financial income or expense from insurance contracts.

The amounts from the reinsurance contract are reported separately.

- Insurance service result

For contracts that are not measured using PAA, the revenue from the insurance contract for each year represents changes in liabilities for the remaining coverage relating to the services the Group expects to receive compensation from and the distribution of part of the premiums related to the return of cash flows from obtaining insurance. For contracts measured using PAA, the income from the insurance contract is recognized on the basis of the passage of time or based on the expected dynamics of service provided.
Expenses that relate directly to the fulfilment of contracts are recognized in profit or loss account as insurance service expenses, when they are incurred. Expenses that do not relate directly to the fulfilment of contracts are presented outside the insurance service result.
Investment components are not included in insurance revenue and insurance service expenses according to IFRS 17. The Group identifies the investment component of a contract by determining the amount required to repay to the policyholder in all scenarios with commercial substance. These include circumstances in which an insured event occurs or the contract matures or is terminated without an insured event occurring. The Group has established an investment component in the amount of the redemption value for all life insurance contracts with a savings component. The Group separates changes in the adjustment for non-financial risk between results from insurance contracts and net financial income or expenses from insurance contracts. All changes in the allowance for non-financial risk that are recognized in the income statement are included in the result from the insurance contract.

- I nsurance financ e income and expense

Changes in the carrying amounts of groups of contracts arising from the effects of the time value of money, financial risk and changes therein are generally presented as insurance finance income or expenses. They include changes in the measurement of groups of contracts caused by changes in the value of underlying items.
For most insurance and reinsurance contracts, the Group is using the option of recognizing a change in the value of liabilities and assets from insurance and reinsurance contracts based on the current discount rates in relation to the initial (so-called "locked-in") discount rate in other comprehensive income and accordingly separates net financial income or expenses from the insurance contract to the aforementioned part to be recognized in other comprehensive income and the part that is recognized through profit and loss account as release of the discount effect. Insurance contracts that are assets and those which are liabilities, and reinsurance contracts that are assets and those which are liabilities, are presented separately in the statement of financial position as assets from insurance or reinsurance contracts and as liabilities from insurance or reinsurance contracts.
2.23. Accounts payables and other liabilities
/i/ Accounts payable and other liabilities are recognized when the Group has a present obligation arising from past events and is expected to sample an outflow of economic resources. The Group recognizes liabilities at amortized cost.
/ii/ Liabilities for claims and contracted insurance amounts - refers to liabilities for liquidated claims that are recognized upon claim liquidation, i.e. when the amount that will be paid to settle the claim is determined.
/iii/Liabilities for contributions - regarding to defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to state pension and health insurance funds in accordance with legal regulations or at its own discretion. The Group's obligation ends when the contributions are settled. Contributions are recognized as an expense in the income statement as incurred.
/iv/ Liabilities to the guarantee fund - The Group makes monthly payments to the guarantee fund of the Croatian Insurance Bureau for the settlement of claims for damages caused by uninsured and unknown vehicles. The monthly fee is determined according to the share of collected insurance premium or the number of risks in certain type of compulsory insurance in the year to which the contribution relates.
/v/Accrued expenses and deferred income of the future period includes the calculated costs for the delivery of goods and services performed by the balance sheet date, if no invoice or other documentation necessary for recording a business event has been submitted for the same, and deferred income that is recognized when it is not possible to recognize income in the statement of comprehensive income since not all conditions for revenue recognition have been met.
/vi/ Other liabilities pertain to liabilities toward domestic suppliers, liabilities for advances received, liabilities to employees, commission liabilities etc.
2.24. Employee benefits and pension plans
Pension obligations
For defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to state-owned pension and health insurance funds, in accordance with legal requirements or individual choice. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss as they occure.
Short-term employee benefits
Short-term employee benefits are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under the short-term cash bonus or profit-sharing plans if the Group has a present legal obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
Other employee benefits
Liabilities based on other long-term employee benefits, such as jubilee awards and termination benefits at retirement, are recorded as the net present value of the liability for defined benefits at the balance sheet date. Provisions for employee benefits for long-term employment and retirement (regular jubilee awards and termination benefits) are determined in such a manner that in each year of work, the present value of the proportional part of the expected amount of regular jubilee rewards and termination benefit depends on the total time remaining until the jubilee award is paid, less expected employee turnover. The discount rate applied is the yield on the respective bonds. The discounted future cash flow method is used for the calculation of the present value of the liability.
Termination benefits
Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Group before the normal retirement date, or whenever an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits, The Group recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates:
(a) when the Group can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and
(b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of IAS 37 and involves the payment of termination benefits.
In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer.
2.25. Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is more likely than not that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the best current estimate.
Provisions are determined for costs of legal disputes and costs of employee benefits for the number of years of service and retirement (regular jubilee awards and termination benefits) and stimulation termination benefits as part of the redundancy plan.
2.26. Impairment of non-financial assets
The net book value of the Group's assets, other than financial assets (see Note 2.17 - “Financial instruments”) and income tax (see Note 2.20 - “Income tax”), are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount of the asset is estimated. For intangible assets with no finite useful life (the Group had no such assets on the date of reporting) and intangible assets not yet in use, the recoverable amount is estimated at each reporting date.
An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable asset group that generates cash flows that are largely independent from other assets and groups. Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Exceptionally, the impairment of property measured by using the revaluation model is debited to fair value reserves, if any, and the remaining amount of the impairment after these reserves have been exhausted is recognised in profit or loss for the period.
The recoverable amount of an asset and cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
The value impairment loss recognised in prior periods is assessed on each reporting date in order to establish whether the loss has decreased or no longer exists. Impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of accumulated depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.
2.27. Contingent liabilities and assets
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity, or a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.
Contingent liabilities are recognised as a provision in the financial statements when it is more likely than not that there will be a cash outflow. Other contingent liabilities are only disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
Contingent assets are not recognised in the financial statements, rather they are recognized when an inflow of economic benefits is nearly certain.
2.28. Events after the balance sheet date
Events after the balance sheet date, which provide additional information on the Group’s position at the balance sheet date (adjusting events), are reflected in the financial statements. Events that are not adjusting events are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements, if material.
2.29. Earnings per share
Earnings per share are calculated as profit of the period attributable to Company shareholders decreased by dividends of preference shares (in the case of shares classified as equity, not financial liabilities) divided by the weighted average of ordinary shares (without treasury shares). When the parent`s separate financial statements and consolidated financial statements are presented, earnings per share are presented only on the basis of the consolidated information.
2.30. Segment reporting
A segment is an integral part of the Company that carries out business activities from which it can earn income or have expenses incurred, including income and expenses relating to transactions with other constituents of the Company, whose business results are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker. Profit before tax is mostly used as performance measure for segment reporting. The review is carried out in order to make decisions about resources to be allocated to a particular segment and to assess its performance, and for which there is separate financial information. Segments of the Group and the Company include the life insurance and non-life insurance segments.
Distribution of costs between life and non-life insurance segments
Investment income, realised and unrealised profits and losses, expenses and compensations arising the funds of an individual segment, are distributed to the segment to whom they relate.
A significant part of direct administrative costs is directly charged to the life and non-life insurance segments. Administrative costs that cannot be directly allocated to life or non-life insurance are allocated by the Group based on an analysis of the time spent by administrative staff on tasks related to life or non-life insurance. The allocation of the mentioned costs within a particular segment to the corresponding insurance portfolios is done on the basis of an estimate of the annual revenue shares. Further allocation of non-life portfolio costs to non-life insurance groups is performed on the basis of estimates of the share in insurance income in the past period of the current accounting year. For life insurance portfolios, the further allocation of costs to the corresponding insurance groups is based on the number of active policies in the accounting period. Commissions are directly posted separately to the life and non-life insurance segments.
Allocation of capital, reserves and assets
Property and equipment, intangible assets and investment property are allocated to the non-life segment, unless directly related to life insurance segment. Financial investments are allocated in accordance with sources of funding. Fair value reserves are allocated according to the source of related financial assets while legal and other provisions are allocated to each segment based on the results of the related segment. Other receivables and liabilities are allocated to those segments from which they arise.
2.31. Key sources of estimation uncertainty and critical accounting judgments in applying the Group’s accounting policies
/i/ Impairment losses on financial assets at amortised cost and fair value through other comprehensive income
The need for impairment of assets carried at amortised cost and fair value through other comprehensive income is estimated as described in Note 2.17. Financial instruments. The calculation of expected credit losses requires significant judgments related to the value and recoverability of collateral, future and macroeconomic information. The Group applies a neutral and impartial approach when dealing with uncertainties and when making decisions based on significant estimates.
Expected credit losses ("ECL") related to a specific instrument are estimated based on the expected future cash flows (based on principal, interest, fees and commissions) related to the contract in question, including amounts that may arise from the realization of relevant collateral. All expected cash flows are reduced to present value by discounting at the relevant effective interest rate.
In simplified terms, in most cases expected credit losses are calculated as the product of probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EaD).
The gross value of financial assets at amortized cost and financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and the rate of recognized expected credit loss at the end of the year are listed in the table below. Also, an analysis of the sensitivity to a change in the discount rate by 1 pp (as a result of a change in the expected cash flows and/or the fair value of the insurance instrument) on the gross amount of the assets listed below for the Company and the Group is also listed below:

| Company | Company | Group | Group
| 31 Dec 2023 | 31 Dec 2022 | 31 Dec 2023 | 31 Dec 2022
Bonds – at amortized cost |  |  |  |
Gross exposure (EUR 000) | 286,351 | 292,623 | 303,178 | 304,829
Reduction rate (%) | 0.45% | 0.34% | 0.45% | 0.33%
Sensitivity to a change in the reduction rate 1 pp | (2,864) | (2,926) | (3,032) | (3,048)
Loans |  |  |  |
Gross exposure (EUR 000) | 66,628 | 72,710 | 29,948 | 39,064
Reduction rate (%) | 15% | 20% | 34% | 37%
Sensitivity to a change in the reduction rate 1 pp | (666) | (727) | (299) | (391)
Deposits |  |  |  |
Gross exposure (EUR 000) | 10,149 | 9,180 | 73,395 | 64,161
Reduction rate (%) | 3% | 1% | 1% | 0%
Sensitivity to a change in the reduction rate 1 pp | (101) | (92) | (734) | (642)
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |
Gross exposure (EUR 000) | 45,293 | 114,589 | 66,892 | 143,097
Reduction rate (%) | 0.01% | 0% | 0.1% | 0%
Sensitivity to a change in the reduction rate 1 pp | (453) | (1,146) | (669) | (1,431)

/ii/ Fulfilment cash flows
Estimates of future cash flows
In estimating future cash flows, the Group includes in an unbiased manner all reasonable and reliable data available without undue cost and effort regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of those future cash flows at the reporting date. This information includes both internal and external historical data about claims and other experiential data, updated to reflect current expectations of future events.
The estimates of future cash flows reflect the Group’s view of current conditions at the reporting date, as long as the estimates of any relevant market variables are consistent with observable market prices.
The Group offers different types of non-life insurance, mainly motor vehicles, property, liability insurance, marine insurance, transport insurance, and accident insurance. The main source of uncertainty affecting the amount and timing of future cash flows arises from the uncertainty of the occurrence of future insured events as well as the uncertainty associated with their amounts. The amount payable under individual claims is limited by the insured amount as established in the insurance policy.
Other significant sources of uncertainty related to non-life insurance result from legislation that entitles policyholders to report a claim before the statute of limitation, which occurs three years from the first notification of the claim, but not later than five years from the beginning of the year after the year of occurrence. This stipulation is particularly important in cases of permanent disability under accident insurance, due to difficulties in estimating the period between the occurrence of the accident and the confirmation of permanent consequences thereof.
The portfolio of non-life insurance does not include products that warrant unlimited coverage, while the maximum amount for which the insurer may be held liable per each policy due to the occurrence of one loss event is always limited by the contractually agreed insured sum. The exception to this rule is motor vehicles liability insurance in the Green Card Insurance System member states that have unlimited coverage. Since legal provisions in motor vehicles liability insurance prescribe the application of insured sums in the state where the damage occurred, this risk cannot be completely avoided, but it can be transferred through appropriate reinsurance contracts.
When estimating future cash flows, the Group takes into account current expectations of future events that might affect those cash flows. However, expectations of future changes in legislation that would change or annul a present obligation or create new obligations under existing contracts are not taken into account until the change in legislation is substantively enacted.
Cash flows within the contract boundary are those that relate directly to the fulfilment of the contract, including those for which the Group has discretion over the amount or timing. This includes premiums (including policyholders' premium adjustments and installment premiums and any additional cash flows resulting from these premiums), payments to (or on behalf of) the policyholder, cash flows from the acquisition of insurance and other costs incurred in performing the contract. Insurance acquisition cash flows and other costs that are incurred in fulfilling contracts comprise both direct costs and an allocation of fixed and variable overheads which can be directly attributed to the execution of the insurance contract (i.e. Attributable costs).
Cost cash flows are distributed into groups of contracts using systematic and meaningful methods that are consistently applied to all costs with similar characteristics. A significant part of direct administrative costs are directly allocated to life and non-life insurance segments. Administrative costs that cannot be directly allocated to life or non-life insurance are allocated by the Group on the basis of an analysis of the time spent of administrative employees on activities related to life and non-life insurance. The allocation of these costs within a particular segment to the associated insurance groups is carried out on the basis of a share of the annual insurance income. Further allocation of non-life insurance contracts costs to non-life insurance groups is carried out on the basis of estimates of the share in insurance income in the past period of the current accounting year. For life insurance contracts, the further allocation of costs to the insurance groups is based on the number of active policies in the accounting period.
Other non-attributable expenses are not allocated to groups of insurance contracts and are reported in the financial statements separately from the technical result items, i.e. results from the insurance contract.
Life insurance risks
Assumptions about mortality/longevity, morbidity and policyholder behavior used to estimate future cash flows are developed by product type at the Group member level, reflecting the experience and profile of policyholders within a particular group of insurance contracts.
Non-life insurance
On the balance sheet date provisions are created for the estimated final cost of settling all claims resulting from events occurred by that date, whether reported or not, together with relevant costs of processing such claims, decreased by amounts already paid.
The liability for reported but unsettled claims is estimated separately for every individual claim, taking into consideration the circumstances, available information from the claims adjuster and historical evidence of amounts of similar claims. Individual claims are regularly examined and provisions are regularly updated when new information is available. The liability for reported and unliquidated claims is part of the set of input data that is used when determining the total amount of the best estimate of the final cost of settlement of the incurred damages.
Depending on the feature of each insurance type, the Group’s portfolio and the form and quality of available data, the best estimate of the final cost settlement of incurred claims are formed using the most appropriate model which is based on deterministic or stochastic methods whose basis is the claims triangle. In order to describe as best as possible future claims development, the selected model may contain one or a combination of several methods.
The calculations are formed according to the homogeneous risk groups.
For long-tail claims, the level of provision greatly depends on the assessment of claims development for which there is historical data until the final development. The residual factor of claims development is prudently assessed by using mathematical methods of curves which serve as projections of observed factors or which are based on actuarial assessment.
The actual method which is used depends on the year of claim occurrence and the observed historical development of claims. To the extent that these methods use historical claim rates, the past pattern of claim rates is assumed to recur in the future. There are reasons for partial fulfilment of the above, so the methods should be modified. Possible reasons may be:

- economic, political and social trends (which cause a different level of inflation than expected);
- changes in the combination of the types of insurance contracts which are acquired;
- random variations, including the effect of major losses,.

Discount rates
The Group sets discount rates with the so-called Bottom-up approach, creating a risk-free interest curve using market yields of government bonds as well as the market yields of other highly liquid financial instruments in the corresponding currency, with the application of credit risk correction and EIOPA methodology for extrapolation. To reflect the liquidity characteristics of insurance contracts, risk-free interest curves are further adjusted by illiquidity adjustment.
The Group measures life insurance obligations by discounting future cash flows (cash flows from the execution of life insurance group contracts) with the application of current discount rates at the appropriate measurement date.
The Group discounts cash flows of non-life insurance contracts measured in accordance with the general measurement model (loan insurance). For all other contracts, for which the premium distribution model – PAA applies, cash flows from the performance of contracts relating to claims incurred are also discounted. Applicable discount rates are determined in accordance with the methodology described earlier.
The tables below show the yield curves used to discount the insurance contract cash flows for the major end-of-period currencies:

Company |  |  |  |  |
2023 | 1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | 20 years
Life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |
EUR | 3.36% | 2.63% | 2.61% | 2.82% | 3.07%
Non-life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |
EUR | 3.36% | 2.63% | 2.61% | 2.82% | 3.07%

Group |  |  |  |  |
2023 | 1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | 20 years
Life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |
EUR | 3.36% | 2.63% | 2.61% | 2.82% | 3.07%
BAM | 3.36% | 2.44% | 2.32% | 2.39% | 2.41%
MKD | 3.36% | 3.64% | 3.88% | 4.45% | 4.86%
RSD | 4.44% | 4.49% | 4.82% | 5.44% | 5.40%
Non-life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |
EUR | 3.36% | 2.63% | 2.61% | 2.82% | 3.07%
BAM | 3.36% | 2.44% | 2.32% | 2.39% | 2.41%
MKD | 3.36% | 3.64% | 3.88% | 4.45% | 4.86%
RSD | 4.44% | 4.49% | 4.82% | 5.44% | 5.40%

Company |  |  |  |  |
2022 | 1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | 20 years
Life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |
HRK | 2.49% | 3.04% | 3.35% | 4.15% | 4.36%
Non-life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |
HRK | 2.49% | 3.04% | 3.35% | 4.15% | 4.36%

Group |  |  |  |  |
2022 | 1 year | 3 years | 5 years | 10 years | 20 years
Life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |
HRK | 2.49% | 3.04% | 3.35% | 4.15% | 4.36%
BAM | 3.18% | 3.20% | 3.13% | 3.09% | 3.27%
MKD | 3.18% | 3.20% | 3.26% | 3.98% | 4.51%
RSD | 4.38% | 5.59% | 6.12% | 6.32% | 5.90%
Non-life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |
HRK | 2.49% | 3.04% | 3.35% | 4.15% | 4.36%
BAM | 3.18% | 3.20% | 3.13% | 3.09% | 3.27%
MKD | 3.18% | 3.20% | 3.26% | 3.98% | 4.51%
RSD | 4.38% | 5.59% | 6.12% | 6.32% | 5.90%

Adjustment of value for non-financial risk
Risk adjustments for non-financial risk is determined to reflect the compensation that the Group requires for bearing non-financial risk and its level of risk aversion. They are determined separately for the life and non-life contracts.
In accordance with the Group accounting policies, for measurement of the adjustment of values for non-financial risk in non-life insurances two methods are used: the quantum method and the cost of capital method, where the choice of the method depends on the availability of data and the stability of the results of statistical calculations of a particular portfolio and exceptionally, due to the nature of the risk, a method based on shock scenarios can also be used for liabilities for annuity claims. The confidence level of the adjustment for non-financial risk for the non-life insurance segment is 80%, and it was calculated from the net cash flows for claims using the copula method. For life insurance contracts, the calculation of the value correction for non-financial risk for life insurance is based on shock scenarios with explicit margins. These margins are derived on the basis of the corresponding shocks from the life insurance risk submodules defined in Solvency II. The shocks calibrated by EIOPA in Solvency II were adjusted to the requirements of IFRS 17 and the target confidence interval which amounts to 80%.
/ii/ Contractual Service Margin
Identification of the coverage units
The CSM of a group of contracts is recognized in income statement to reflect the services provided under the group of insurance contracts in that period. This amount is determined by identifying the coverage units in the group of contracts, evenly distributing the CSM at the end of the period (before any allocation) to each coverage unit insured in the current period and expected to be insured in the future, and recognized in the profit and loss account the amount of the units allocated to the coverage units insured in that period.
The Group determines the amount of benefits provided by insurance coverage under each contract as follows:

Product | Basis for determining quantity of benefits provided
Profit sharing insurance | Expected sum assured payable on death / survival, i.e. in the case of annuity insurance, expected insured amount of annuity
Other life insurance | Expected sum assured payable on death
Insurance linked to the index and shares in investment funds | The expected sum insured for death resulting from the risk part of the policy
Loan insurance and guarantee insurance | Unearned premium

/iii/ Investments components
Investment components are not included in insurance revenue and insurance service expenses according to IFRS 17. The Group identifies the investment component of a contract by determining the amount required to repay to the policyholder in all scenarios with commercial substance. These include circumstances in which an insured event occurs or the contract matures or is terminated without an insured event occurring. The Group has established an investment component in the amount of the redemption value for all life insurance contracts with a savings component.
/iv/ Fair value of the insurance contract
The Group measured the fair value of insurance contracts when applying the fair value approach during the transition to IFRS 17 (see note 2.3).
/v/ Fair valuation of investment property
Fair valuation of investment property of the Company and the Group is subjective in nature due to individual nature of each property, location and the expected future rental income. The management engages external appraisers to determine the fair value of the property. Fair value techniques, key inputs and sensitivity analysis are presented in Note 2.33 Fair value.
/vi/ Estimation of the useful life of right-of-use assets
We distinguish between lease agreements made for a fixed period, for an indefinite period or for a fixed period with an extension option.
In the case of real property and office leases, the Company and the Group consider each lease contract and evaluate whether it is possible to extend it after its planned completion if it is defined as a fixed term contract or estimate the duration of the lease in case of contract made for indefinite period. The estimated life expectancy is based on historical experience and business plans for the future operations of the Company and the Group.
In case of lease agreements made for fixed period, management considers all facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise an extension option, or not exercise a termination option.
During the current financial year, the financial effect of revising lease terms to reflect the effect of exercising extension options was an increase in recognised lease liabilities and right-of-use assets of EUR 318 thousand for the Company and the Group (2022: EUR 170 thousand for the Company and EUR 177 thousand for the Group).
2.32. Insurance risk management
Underwriting risk pertains to the risk that may arise if actual payments of claims and compensations exceed the net book amount of insurance liabilities due to coincidence, error and/or change in circumstances. Underwriting risk includes the risk of the occurrence of a loss event, risk of determining the amount of premium (setting the tariff), the risk of forming provisions and the risk of reinsurance.
Premium risk is present at the moment of issuing the policy, before the insured event occurs. There is a risk that the costs and losses which may occur might be greater than the premiums received. The provision risk represents the risk of having the absolute amount of liabilities from insurance contracts wrongly assessed or of having the actual losses vary around the statistical mean value. Non-life underwriting risk also includes the risk of disaster which arises from highly extraordinary events which are not sufficiently covered by the premium risk or provision risk. Life underwriting risk includes biometrical risk (which involves mortality, longevity, risk of becoming ill or disability risk) and the lapse risk. Lapse risk represents a higher or lower rate of withdrawal from policies, interruptions, changes in capitalization (cessation of payments of premium) and surrender.
The Group manages its underwriting risk through underwriting limits, approval procedures for transactions that involve new products or that exceed set limits, through tariff determination, product design and management of reinsurance. The underwriting strategy aims at diversity which will ensure a balanced portfolio, and which is based on a large portfolio of similar risks for several years, which reduces the variability of results. As a rule, all non-life insurance contracts are concluded on a yearly basis and the policyholders have the right to decline renewal of contract or to change the contract terms upon renewal.
The fair value of financial assets related to contracts with the feature of direct participation (ie unit linked products) is stated in note 18. Financial assets.
The Group transfers a portion of the risk to reinsurance in order to control its exposure to losses and protect capital resources. The Group purchases a combination of proportional and non-proportional reinsurance contracts to reduce the net exposure to a particular risk depending on the type of insurance.
Underwriting risk in the Group is monitored by the actuaries within the scope of their tasks and the Risk Management Department, in agreement with them, takes the indicators in order to include the risks in the risk management process at the overall Group level.
A report on the reliability and adequacy of the statutory technical reserves and the report on the formation and adequacy of the insurance premium are submitted by the appointed certified actuary, while a report on the adequacy of reinsurance program based on which is confirmed adequacy of its own part is submitted by the actuarial function.
Concentration of insurance risk
A key aspect of underwriting risk is that the Group is exposed to is the degree of underwriting risk concentration which determines the extent to which a particular event or a series of events may affect the Group’s liabilities. Such concentrations may arise from a single insurance contract or through a number of related contracts which may result in a similar liability. An important aspect of the insurance risk concentration is that it may arise from the accumulation of risk through different types of insurance.
Concentration risk may arise from events that are not frequent but with considerable consequences such as natural disasters, in situations where the Group is exposed to unexpected changes in trends, for example unexpected changes in human mortality or in policyholder behaviour; or where significant litigation or regulatory risks could cause a large single loss or have a pervasive effect on a large number of contracts.
The concentration of insurance risk after reinsurance, or retrocession in relation to the type of accepted insurance risk (line of business) is shown below with reference to the carrying value of insurance contract (net of reinsurance) arising under the insurance contract:

| Company | Company | Group | Group
| 31 Dec 2023 | Restated 31 Dec 2022 | 31 Dec 2023 | Restated 31 Dec 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Medical expenses insurance | 4,160 | 2,428 | 6,055 | 4,056
Income protection insurance | 7,789 | 7,438 | 9,781 | 9,409
Workers' compensation insurance | 87 | 86 | 87 | 86
Motor vehicle liability insurance | 178,245 | 156,687 | 225,589 | 197,111
Other motor insurance | 44,628 | 34,421 | 50,791 | 39,441
Marine, aviation and transport insurance | 11,419 | 16,831 | 11,511 | 16,831
Fire and other damage to property insurance | 33,640 | 22,534 | 36,016 | 24,319
General liability insurance | 45,747 | 41,702 | 45,911 | 41,911
Credit and suretyship insurance | (4,944) | (5,238) | 2,153 | 3,388
Legal expenses insurance | 122 | 125 | 122 | 125
Assistance | 571 | 499 | 1,305 | 1,203
Miscellaneous financial loss insurance | 1,797 | 2,018 | 1,753 | 1,925
Non-proportional health reinsurance (non-life) | - | - | - | -
Non-proportional reinsurance casualty | - | - | - | -
Non-proportional marine, aviation and transport reinsurance | - | - | - | -
Non-proportional property reinsurance | 1,033 | (152) | 1,033 | (152)
Total non-life insurance | 324,294 | 279,379 | 392,107 | 339,653
Health insurance | - | - | - | -
Insurance with profit participation | 324,737 | 330,754 | 374,233 | 379,799
Index-linked and unit-linked insurance | 18,052 | 30,085 | 24,392 | 35,208
Other life insurance | 35 | 108 | 3,844 | 5,322
Health reinsurance | - | - | - | -
Life reinsurance | - | - | - | -
Total life insurance | 342,824 | 360,947 | 402,469 | 420,329
Total | 667,118 | 640,326 | 794,576 | 759,982

The Management believes that the non-life insurance has no significant exposure to any client group insured by social, professional, generation or similar criteria. The greatest likelihood of significant losses could arise from catastrophic events, such as floods, hail, storms or earthquake damage. The techniques and assumptions that the Group uses to calculate these risks include:
 Measurement of geographical accumulations,
 Assessment of probable maximum losses,
 Contracting reinsurance protection.
For life insurance contracts that cover the death of the insured, there is no significant geographic concentration of risk, although the concentration of the sum at risk can affect the insurance payout ratio at the portfolio level.
The sensitivity on profit or loss and equity to changes in significant variables regarding insurance and market risk
Profit or loss and insurance liabilities are mostly sensitive to changes in mortality and morbidity rates of life insurance contracts together with the used interest rates. The table below analyses how profit or loss and total capital would have increased (decreased) if there had been changes in the risk variables that were reasonably possible at the reporting date. This analysis presents sensitivity both before and after risk reduction by reinsurance and assumes that all other variables remain constant.

Company | Balance as at 31 Dec 2023 | Balance as at 31 Dec 2023 | Balance as at 31 Dec 2022 | Balance as at 31 Dec 2022
| Profit or loss before taxes | Equity | Profit or loss before taxes | Equity
| Gross | Net | Gross | Net | Gross | Net | Gross | Net
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortality rates +15% | (27) | (27) | (17) | (17) | (463) | (463) | (127) | (127)
Costs rates +10% | (134) | (134) | 120 | 120 | (2,739) | (2,739) | 399 | 399
Interest rate + 1% | - | - | 14,441 | 14,441 | - | - | 13,565 | 13,565
Interest rate - 1% | - | - | (16,206) | (16,206) | - | - | (16,609) | (16,609)

Group | Balance as at 31 Dec 2023 | Balance as at 31 Dec 2023 | Balance as at 31 Dec 2022 | Balance as at 31 Dec 2022
| Profit or loss before taxes | Equity | Profit or loss before taxes | Equity
| Gross | Net | Gross | Net | Gross | Net | Gross | Net
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Life insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortality rates +15% | (104) | (104) | (5) | (5) | (687) | (687) | (103) | (103)
Costs rates +10% | (230) | (230) | 191 | 191 | (2,894) | (2,894) | 473 | 473
Interest rate + 1% | - | - | 18,655 | 18,655 | - | - | 17,874 | 17,874
Interest rate - 1% | - | - | (20,966) | (20,966) | - | - | (21,521) | (21,521)

In non-life insurance variables, which would have the greatest impact on insurance liabilities relate to legal claims from auto insurance liability. Obligations relating to judicial damages are sensitive to legal, judicial, political, economic and social trends. The Management Board believes that it is not practicable to quantify the sensitivity of non-life insurance to changes in these variables.
2.33. Financial risk management
The Group’s primary objective in financial risk management is to maintain a level of capital which is adequate for the scope and types of insurance it transacts, and with due consideration of the risks it is exposed to. The Management recognizes the importance of having an efficient and effective risk management system.
National competent authorities control the Company’s and Group solvency in order to ensure that there is coverage for liabilities arising from possible economic changes or natural disasters.
The Group actively manages its assets by using an approach which balances quality, diversification, harmonization of assets and liabilities, liquidity and return on investments. Management examines and approves portfolios, determines the limits and supervises the process of managing assets and liabilities. Due attention is also given to the compliance with the rules established by the Insurance Act.
Transactions with financial instruments result in the Group assuming financial risks. These risks include market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Each of these risks is described below, together with a summary of the methods used by the Group to manage such risks.
Market risk
Market risk includes currency risk, interest rate risk and price risk. Market risk is the fluctuation risk of future cash flows’ fair value of financial instruments resulting from changes in market prices. The comprehensive system of market risk management is prescribed by a series of internal acts of the Group.
a)Currency risk - the risk of fluctuation of fair value or cash flows under financial instruments resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
The Group is exposed to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations through its transactions in foreign currencies, with USD being the most important one. The Group is exposed to currency risk through its investments in debt and equity securities, deposits, loans and other investments. The Group manages foreign exchange risk by attempting to reduce the difference between assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency or with a currency clause. Investments for covering insurance contracts liabilities are mostly denominated in Euro, since most of the insurance contract liabilities are also denominated in Euro. The Group actively uses derivatives in order to hedge against currency risk exposure. On December 31, 2023, the official exchange rate of the euro was 0.937559 euros for 1 US dollar. An analysis of the sensitivity of financial assets and financial liabilities to the exchange rate fluctuations is given below:

Change in USD by 1% | 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | 2022
| Impact on profit before tax | Impact on comprehensive income | Impact on profit before tax | Impact on comprehensive income
| Strengthening | Weakening | Strengthening | Weakening | Strengthening | Weakening | Strengthening | Weakening
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments | 18 | (18) | 12 | (12) | 4,754 | (4,754) | 1,178 | (1,178)
Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments | 112 | (112) | 353 | (353) | 5,176 | (5,176) | 1,178 | (1,178)

At the reporting date, the currency structure of the Company's assets and liabilities is as follows:

Company in EUR’000 | 31 December 2023 | Restated 31 December 2022
| EUR | USD | Other currencies | Total | HRK | EUR | USD | Other currencies | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in subsidiaries, associates, and participation in joint ventures | 54,531 | - | - | 54,531 | 51,512 | - | - | - | 51,512
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 48,856 | 1,061 | - | 49,917 | 34,515 | 5,682 | 1,008 | - | 41,205
Assets from insurance contracts | 16,997 | - | - | 16,997 | 22,965 | (34) | (7) | - | 22,924
Financial assets at amortised cost | 351,439 | - | - | 351,439 | - | - | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 671,530 | - | 1,168 | 672,698 | - | - | - | - | -
Held-to-maturity investments | - | - | - | - | 91,639 | 199,989 | - | - | 291,628
Available-for-sale financial assets | - | - | - | - | 164,662 | 460,760 | 22,479 | 32 | 647,933
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 96,870 | 38,386 | 387 | 135,643 | 867 | 15,692 | 13,954 | - | 30,513
Derivative financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 228 | 258 | - | 486 | - | 1,605 | 201 | - | 1,806
Non derivative financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 96,642 | 38,128 | 387 | 135,157 | 867 | 14,087 | 13,753 | - | 28,707
Loans and receivables | - | - | - | - | 54,768 | 12,503 | - | - | 67,271
Trade receivables and other receivables | 29,108 | - | 103 | 29,211 | 13,695 | 11,218 | 50 | - | 24,963
Cash and cash equivalents | 45,217 | 33 | 39 | 45,289 | 103,803 | 5,966 | 4,798 | 22 | 114,589
Total assets | 1,314,548 | 39,480 | 1,697 | 1,355,725 | 538,426 | 711,776 | 42,282 | 54 | 1,292,538
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities from insurance contracts | 729,998 | 2,123 | 1 | 732,122 | 313,831 | 381,478 | 7,184 | 1 | 702,494
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts | 1,910 | - | - | 1,910 | 847 | 986 | 128 | - | 1,961
Financial liabilities at amortised cost | 37,058 | - | - | 37,058 | 6,419 | 41,698 | - | - | 48,117
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | 91 | - | - | 91 | - | - | 82 | - | 82
Provisions | 6,767 | - | - | 6,767 | 6,533 | 4 | - | - | 6,537
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 40,446 | 18 | 6 | 40,470 | 36,046 | 3,102 | 6 | - | 39,154
Total liabilities | 816,270 | 2,141 | 7 | 818,418 | 363,676 | 427,268 | 7,400 | 1 | 798,345
Foreign currency gap | 498,278 | 37,339 | 1,690 | 537,307 | 174,750 | 284,508 | 34,882 | 53 | 494,193

The analysis of the currency structure of the Group's assets and liabilities at the reporting date is as follows:

Group in EUR’000 | 31 December 2023 | Restated 31 December 2022
| EUR | USD | Other currencies | Total | HRK | EUR | USD | Other currencies | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures | 9,838 | - | 285 | 10,123 | 9,384 | - | - | 275 | 9,659
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 48,856 | 1,061 | 4,521 | 54,438 | 34,515 | 5,682 | 1,008 | 1,712 | 42,917
Assets from insurance contracts | 16,997 | - | - | 16,997 | 22,965 | (35) | (6) | - | 22,924
Financial assets at amortised cost | 327,855 | - | 66,386 | 394,241 | - | - | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 709,660 | - | 47,070 | 756,730 | - | - | - | - | -
Held-to-maturity investments | - | - | - | - | 91,639 | 207,689 | - | 4,506 | 303,834
Available-for-sale financial assets | - | - | - | - | 166,437 | 495,198 | 22,479 | 42,063 | 726,177
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 96,870 | 38,386 | 10,588 | 145,844 | 867 | 15,693 | 13,953 | 8,903 | 39,416
Derivative financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 229 | 258 | - | 486 | - | 1,605 | 201 | - | 1,806
Non derivative financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 96,641 | 38,128 | 10,588 | 145,357 | 867 | 14,088 | 13,752 | 8,903 | 37,610
Loans and receivables | - | - | - | - | 22,090 | 12,141 | - | 54,329 | 88,560
Trade receivables and other receivables | 36,437 | - | 5,665 | 42,102 | 17,678 | 11,597 | 50 | 3,872 | 33,197
Cash and cash equivalents | 60,329 | 33 | 6,461 | 66,823 | 124,835 | 6,083 | 4,798 | 7,381 | 143,097
Total assets | 1,306,841 | 39,480 | 140,976 | 1,487,297 | 490,410 | 754,048 | 42,282 | 123,041 | 1,409,781
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities from insurance contracts | 727,975 | 2,122 | 131,889 | 861,986 | 310,230 | 381,478 | 7,184 | 124,773 | 823,665
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts | 1,910 | - | 2,115 | 4,025 | 847 | 986 | 128 | 197 | 2,158
Financial liabilities at amortised cost | 42,789 | - | 5,360 | 48,149 | 9,409 | 40,301 | - | 4,244 | 53,954
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | 91 | - | - | 91 | - | - | 82 | - | 82
Provisions | 7,888 | - | 197 | 8,085 | 7,365 | 4 | - | 321 | 7,690
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 46,028 | 18 | 5,969 | 52,015 | 40,686 | 3,151 | 6 | 5,218 | 49,061
Total liabilities | 826,681 | 2,140 | 145,530 | 974,351 | 368,537 | 425,920 | 7,400 | 134,753 | 936,610
Foreign currency gap | 480,160 | 37,340 | (4,554) | 512,946 | 121,873 | 328,128 | 34,882 | (11,712) | 473,171

b) Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is the risk of fluctuation in fair value or cash flows under financial instruments resulting from changes in market interest rates. The Group is exposed to interest rate risk on the basis of financial instruments whose value is sensitive to interest rate changes. Exposure of financial instruments is presented in the Note 18.1.
Interest rate changes do affect the level of liabilities and assets from insurance and reinsurance contracts, since they are measured by discounting future cash flows (cash flows from contract execution) with the application of current discount rates. The accounting amount of liabilities and assets from insurance and reinsurance contracts are presented in note 17 while the sensitivity of interest rate changes in liabilities and assets from insurance and reinsurance contracts is included in note 2.32 Insurance risk management.
The Group monitors this exposure through periodic reviews of its asset and liability positions. The Group intends to harmonize future earnings from such assets with liabilities under insurance by purchasing debt securities and other financial instruments with defined cash flows or for which cash flows can be estimated, and additionally contracts interest derivatives as protection from interest risk.
An analysis of the sensitivity of financial assets to a change in market interest rates is given below:

Change in interest rate by +/- 100 bps | 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | 2022
| Impact on profit before tax | Impact on comprehensive income | Impact on profit before tax | Impact on comprehensive income
| Strengthening | Weakening | Strengthening | Weakening | Strengthening | Weakening | Strengthening | Weakening
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments | (189) | 189 | (21,554) | 21,554 | - | - | (19,090) | 19,090
Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial instruments | (189) | 189 | (25,848) | 25,848 | - | - | (23,433) | 23,433

c) Other price risks
The equity securities and investments funds risk is caused by the fluctuation of fair value or cash flows in connection with financial instruments resulting from changes in market prices (which are not the result of interest rate risk or foreign exchange risk), whether this involves changes caused by factors relatable to an individual financial instrument or its issuer or if there are other factors which effect all similar financial instruments being traded in the market.
The marketable equity securities and investments funds portfolio, which is presented in the balance sheet at fair value, exposes the Group to this risk. The Group's portfolio comprises securities of various issuers, and the concentration risk in any individual company is monitored and limited by legal requirements and the adopted limits.
The Group assesses, or measures, and controls the exposure to market risk by monitoring exposure to investment, establishing the limits and powers of investment, and through a series of statistical and other quantitative risk measures and through contracting derivatives to protect (reduce) price risk.
Price risk analysis

| 2023 | 2022
| Impact on profit/loss before tax | Impact on comprehensive income | Impact on profit/loss before tax | Impact on comprehensive income
Company | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Change in price by +/- 5% | 5,458/(5,458) | 6,941/(6,941) | 149/(149) | 7,742/(7,742)
Group |  |  |  |
Change in price by +/- 5% | 5,747/(5,747) | 6,941/(6,941) | 429/(429) | 7,742/(7,742)

Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that one contractual party to a financial instrument might cause the other party to suffer financial losses as a result of failure to fulfil its obligations.
The Group is exposed to credit risk through the following financial assets:
deposits and given loans
debt securities (bonds and commercial bills)
receivables from insurance brokers and other receivables
assets from insurance and reinsurance contracts
cash at bank
The Group manages this risk by up-front analysis of credit risk and exposure monitoring, regular reviews carried out by the Management and regular meetings held to monitor the credit risk development. The Group manages credit risk and continuously monitors exposure to credit risk. Assessments of creditworthiness of all policyholders are made, and collaterals are collected prior to payment of granted loans or renewal of such loans.

Credit risk exposure | Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Investments in debt securities (note 18.1) | 829,919 | 784,720 |  | 930,682 | 875,170
Investments in bank deposits (note 18.1) | 9,889 | 9,047 |  | 72,553 | 64,028
Loans (note 18.1) | 56,481 | 58,224 |  | 19,888 | 24,532
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 49,917 | 41,205 |  | 54,438 | 42,917
Assets from insurance contracts | 16,997 | 22,924 |  | 16,997 | 22,924
Trade receivables and other receivables | 24,924 | 17,358 |  | 34,856 | 22,921
Cash and cash equivalents | 45,289 | 114,589 |  | 66,823 | 143,097
| 1,033,416 | 1,048,067 |  | 1,196,237 | 1,195,588

Concentration of receivables from the Republic of Croatia as at 31 December |  |  |  |  |
| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Government bonds | 658,293 | 680,782 |  | 662,298 | 684,387
Undue interest on bonds | 10,080 | 10,406 |  | 10,090 | 10,417
Treasury bills | 4,936 | - |  | 4,936 | -
Other receivables | 363 | 288 |  | 770 | 773
| 673,672 | 691,476 |  | 678,094 | 695,577

The table below shows the company's asset analysis by category according to the ratings by the agencies Standard&Poor's (S&P).

| 2023 | Company
| S&P | 31 Dec. 2023
|  | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortised cost – debt securities |  | 285,069
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia | BBB+ | 282,207
Corporations rated by another agency | - | -
No rating | - | 2,862
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | 533,886
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia | BBB+ | 391,102
Ministry of Finance of Hungary | BBB- | 13,579
Ministry of Finance of Romania | BBB- | 24,545
Ministry of Finance of Slovenia | AA- | -
Ministry of Finance of Bulgaria | BBB | 9,509
Ministry of Finance of Poland | A- | 5,365
Ministry of Finance of Germany | AAA | 9,922
Rated corporations | A | 6,174
| A- | 6,367
| BBB+ | 4,102
| BBB | 8,551
| BBB- | 10,499
Corporations rated by another agency | - | 39,744
No rating | - | 4,427
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account |  | 10,964
Ministry of Finance of Romania | BBB- | 1,340
Rated corporations | BBB- | 9,624
Loans and receivables |  | 66,370
Other banks and financial institutions* | - | 9,888
No rating** | - | 56,482
Assets from reinsurance contracts |  | 49,917
Rated reinsurers | AA+ | 1,975
| AA | 222
| AA- | 17,982
| A+ | 18,404
| A | 5,580
| A- | 1,659
Reinsurers rated by another agency | - | 2,927
No rating | - | 1,168
Assets from insurance contracts |  | 16,997
No rating | - | 16,997
Trade receivables and other receivables |  | 24,924
No rating | - | 24,924
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 45,289
Other banks and financial institutions* | - | 45,289
|  | 1,033,416

| 2022 | Company
| S&P | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
|  | in EUR'000
Held-to-maturity investments |  | 291,628
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia | BBB+ | 283,141
Corporations rated by another agency | - | 5,842
No rating | - | 2,645
Available-for-sale financial assets |  | 493,092
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia | BBB+ | 408,047
Ministry of Finance of Romania | BBB- | 17,173
Ministry of Finance of Slovenia | AA- | 4,495
Ministry of Finance of Bulgaria | BBB | 2,478
Rated corporations |  |
| B | 1,348
| BBB- | 18,010
| BBB | 1,831
| A- | 2,474
| A | 1,199
Corporations rated by another agency | - | 31,161
No rating | - | 4,876
Loans and receivables |  | 67,271
Other banks and financial institutions* | - | 9,047
No rating** | - | 58,224
Assets from reinsurance contracts |  | 41,205
Rated reinsurers | AA+ | 1,262
| AA | 224
| AA- | 10,727
| A+ | 19,398
| A | 4,478
| A- | 2,586
Reinsurers rated by another agency | - | 1,822
No rating | - | 708
Assets from insurance contracts |  | 22,924
No rating |  | 22,924
Trade receivables and other receivables |  | 17,358
No rating | - | 17,358
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 114,588
Other banks and financial institutions* | - | 114,588
|  | 1,048,067

| 2023 | Group
| S&P | 31 Dec. 2023
|  | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortised cost – debt securities |  | 301,800
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia | BBB+ | 283,810
Ministry of Finance of Macedonia | BB- | 11,273
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | B+ | 3,855
Corporations rated by another agency | - | -
No rating | - | 2,862
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | 617,918
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia | BBB+ | 393,514
Ministry of Finance of France | AA | 1,201
Ministry of Finance of Hungary | BBB- | 13,579
Ministry of Finance of Macedonia | BB- | 44,731
Ministry of Finance of Serbia | BB+ | 35,687
Ministry of Finance of Romania | BBB- | 24,545
Ministry of Finance of Bulgaria | BBB | 9,509
Ministry of Finance of Poland | A- | 5,365
Ministry of Finance of Germany | AAA | 9,922
Rated corporations | A | 6,174
| A- | 6,367
| BBB+ | 4,102
| BBB | 8,551
| BBB- | 10,499
Corporations rated by another agency | - | 39,744
No rating | - | 4,428
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account |  | 10,964
Ministry of Finance of Romania | BBB- | 1,340
| BBB- | 9,624
Loans and receivables |  | 92,441
Other banks and financial institutions* | - | 45,592
No rating** | - | 46,849
Assets from reinsurance contracts |  | 54,438
Rated reinsurers | AA+ | 1,975
| AA | 222
| AA- | 17,982
| A+ | 18,404
| A | 5,580
| A- | 1,659
Reinsurers rated by another agency | - | 2,927
No rating | - | 5,689
Assets from insurance contracts |  | 16,997
No rating |  | 16,997
Trade receivables and other receivables |  | 34,856
No rating | - | 34,856
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 66,823
Rated banks |  | 12,074
Other banks and financial institutions* | - | 54,749
|  | 1,196,237

| 2022 | Group
| S&P | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
|  | in EUR'000
Held-to-maturity investments |  | 303,834
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia | BBB+ | 283,963
Ministry of Finance of Macedonia | BB- | 7,988
Corporations rated by another agency | - | 5,842
No rating | - | 6,041
Available-for-sale financial assets |  | 571,335
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Croatia | BBB+ | 410,841
Ministry of Finance of Macedonia | BB- | 43,677
Ministry of Finance of Serbia | BB+ | 31,773
Ministry of Finance of Slovenia | AA- | 4,495
Ministry of Finance of Romania | BBB- | 17,173
Ministry of Finance of Bulgaria | BBB | 2,478
Rated corporations | A | 1,199
| A- | 2,474
| BBB | 1,831
| BBB- | 18,010
| B | 1,348
Corporations rated by another agency | - | 31,161
No rating | - | 4,875
Loans and receivables |  | 88,560
Other banks and financial institutions* | - | 64,027
No rating** | - | 24,534
Assets from reinsurance contracts |  | 42,917
Rated reinsurers | AA+ | 1,261
| AA | 224
| AA- | 10,727
| A+ | 19,398
| A | 4,478
| A- | 2,586
Reinsurers rated by another agency | - | 1,822
No rating | - | 2,421
Assets from insurance contracts |  | 22,924
No rating | - | 22,924
Trade receivables and other receivables |  | 22,921
No rating | - | 22,921
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 143,097
Other member banks of reputable banking groups in the EU* | - | 143,097
|  | 1,195,588

* Other banks and financial institutions mostly include banks and financial institutions rated by another agency and banks and financial institutions that have no rating, but their parent banks have a rating.
** Loans and receivables with no rating relate to loans to related parties, domestic companies with no rating and retail loans that are insured.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that a sudden and unexpected settlement of liabilities might require the Group to liquidate assets in a short time and at a low price. It includes both the risk of being unable to fund assets at appropriate maturities and rates and the risk of being unable to liquidate an asset at a reasonable price and in an appropriate timeframe. The Group has a portfolio of liquid assets as a part of liquidity risk management strategy, which ensures continuation of business and satisfies legal requirements.
Legal claims for damages have been met in a timely manner. The Organizational units for finance monitor the inflows and outflows on a daily basis and develop monthly plans as well as scenarios of deteriorated liquidity. Liquidity risk is taken into account in the assessment of matching assets and liabilities.
The following table shows the amounts of contracted discounted cash flows by maturity for financial assets and, for insurance liabilities, the estimated maturity of the amounts recognized in the statement of financial position.
The maturity analysis on the reporting date is as follows:

Company in EUR’000 | 31 December 2023 | Restated 31 December 2022
Assets | No later than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | 5-10 years | More than 10 years | Total | No later than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | 5-10 years | More than 10 years | Total
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures | - | - | - | - | 54,531 | 54,531 | - | - | - | - | 51,512 | 51,512
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 24,496 | 13,509 | 4,814 | 4,247 | 2,851 | 49,917 | 21,123 | 12,060 | 2,941 | 3,022 | 2,059 | 41,205
Assets from insurance contracts | 7,895 | 3,333 | 2,432 | 3,000 | 337 | 16,997 | 12,932 | 3,907 | 2,592 | 3,131 | 362 | 22,924
Financial assets at amortised cost | 69,886 | 40,153 | 49,657 | 139,495 | 52,248 | 351,439 | - | - | - | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 52,842 | 132,617 | 217,960 | 253,840 | 15,439 | 672,698 | - | - | - | - | - | -
Held-to-maturity investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9,606 | 61,746 | 23,661 | 143,426 | 53,189 | 291,628
Available-for-sale financial assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 65,347 | 134,369 | 143,932 | 246,698 | 57,587 | 647,933
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 45,959 | 9,465 | 15,599 | 46,482 | 18,138 | 135,643 | 1,036 | 769 | 867 | 27,840 | 1 | 30,513
Loans and receivables | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23,180 | 15,794 | 14,938 | 8,140 | 5,219 | 67,271
Trade receivables and other receivables | 29,211 | - | - | - | - | 29,211 | 24,963 | - | - | - | - | 24,963
Cash and cash equivalents | 45,289 | - | - | - | - | 45,289 | 114,589 | - | - | - | - | 114,589
Total | 275,578 | 199,077 | 290,462 | 447,064 | 143,544 | 1,355,725 | 272,776 | 228,645 | 188,931 | 432,257 | 169,929 | 1,292,538
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities from insurance contracts | 285,203 | 146,209 | 91,616 | 86,125 | 122,969 | 732,122 | 223,245 | 190,357 | 95,427 | 90,884 | 102,581 | 702,494
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts | 2,070 | (82) | (30) | 3,000 | (3,048) | 1,910 | 1,991 | (27) | (3) | 3,131 | (3,131) | 1,961
Financial liabilities at amortized cost | 2,705 | 3,862 | 3,336 | 7,859 | 19,296 | 37,058 | 12,544 | 3,642 | 2,773 | 7,003 | 22,155 | 48,117
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | 36 | - | - | 55 | - | 91 | 82 | - | - | - | - | 82
Provisions | 785 | 2,739 | 2,723 | 253 | 267 | 6,767 | 941 | 2,532 | 2,465 | 283 | 316 | 6,537
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 36,407 | 1,686 | 682 | 519 | 1,175 | 40,469 | 34,205 | 2,586 | 657 | 574 | 1,132 | 39,154
Total | 327,206 | 154,414 | 98,327 | 97,811 | 140,659 | 818,417 | 273,008 | 199,090 | 101,319 | 101,875 | 123,053 | 798,345
Maturity mismatch | (51,628) | 44,663 | 192,135 | 349,253 | 2,885 | 537,308 | (232) | 29,555 | 87,612 | 330,382 | 46,876 | 494,193

The maturity analysis at the Group’s reporting date is as follows:

Group in EUR’000 | 31 December 2023 | Restated 31 December 2022
Assets | No later than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | 5-10 years | More than 10 years | Total | No later than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | 5-10 years | More than 10 years | Total
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures | - | - | - | - | 10,123 | 10,123 | - | - | - | - | 9,659 | 9,659
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 27,765 | 14,095 | 5,065 | 4,442 | 3,071 | 54,438 | 22,163 | 12,366 | 3,054 | 3,146 | 2,188 | 42,917
Assets from insurance contracts | 7,894 | 3,333 | 2,432 | 3,000 | 338 | 16,997 | 12,933 | 3,907 | 2,592 | 3,131 | 361 | 22,924
Financial assets at amortised cost | 100,138 | 61,771 | 42,422 | 140,304 | 49,606 | 394,241 | - | - | - | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 62,395 | 159,934 | 222,379 | 275,375 | 36,647 | 756,730 | - | - | - | - | - | -
Held-to-maturity investments | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10,186 | 69,234 | 26,362 | 144,044 | 54,008 | 303,834
Available-for-sale financial assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 70,968 | 166,524 | 144,509 | 264,414 | 79,762 | 726,177
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 50,943 | 10,792 | 17,269 | 47,224 | 19,616 | 145,844 | 4,918 | 1,890 | 1,523 | 30,106 | 979 | 39,416
Loans and receivables | - | - | - | - | - | - | 42,826 | 29,812 | 12,094 | 3,623 | 205 | 88,560
Trade receivables and other receivables | 42,076 | 26 | - | - | - | 42,102 | 33,133 | 64 | - | - | - | 33,197
Cash and cash equivalents | 66,823 | - | - | - | - | 66,823 | 143,097 | - | - | - | - | 143,097
Total | 358,034 | 249,951 | 289,567 | 470,345 | 119,401 | 1,487,298 | 340,224 | 283,797 | 190,134 | 448,464 | 147,162 | 1,409,781
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities from insurance contracts | 335,658 | 159,800 | 100,827 | 99,597 | 166,104 | 861,986 | 264,790 | 204,096 | 106,108 | 106,765 | 141,906 | 823,665
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts | 4,797 | (374) | (128) | 2,889 | (3,159) | 4,025 | 2,195 | (34) | (3) | 3,131 | (3,131) | 2,158
Financial liabilities at amortized cost | 4,329 | 6,995 | 6,960 | 9,777 | 20,088 | 48,149 | 13,788 | 5,545 | 3,865 | 8,054 | 22,702 | 53,954
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss | 36 | - | - | 55 | - | 91 | 82 | - | - | - | - | 82
Provisions | 1,068 | 2,909 | 2,952 | 512 | 644 | 8,085 | 1,174 | 2,718 | 2,670 | 497 | 631 | 7,690
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 47,945 | 1,686 | 691 | 519 | 1,174 | 52,015 | 44,084 | 2,608 | 666 | 574 | 1,129 | 49,061
Total | 393,833 | 171,016 | 111,302 | 113,349 | 184,851 | 974,351 | 326,113 | 214,933 | 113,306 | 119,021 | 163,237 | 936,610
Maturity mismatch | (35,799) | 78,935 | 178,265 | 356,996 | (65,450) | 512,947 | 14,111 | 68,864 | 76,828 | 329,443 | (16,075) | 473,171

The following table shows a separate maturity analysis for portfolios of insurance and reinsurance contracts that are liabilities and shows the present value of future cash flows for each of the first five years after the reporting date and in total after the first five years:

Company in EUR’000 | 31 December 2023 | 31 December 2022
Assets | No later than 1 year | 1-2 years | 2-3 years | 3-4 years | 4-5 years | More than 5 years | Total | No later than 1 year | 1-2 years | 2-3 years | 3-4 years | 4-5 years | More than 5 years | Total
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 24,496 | 8,373 | 5,136 | 2,824 | 1,990 | 7,098 | 49,917 | 21,123 | 8,655 | 3,405 | 1,816 | 1,125 | 5,081 | 41,205
Assets from insurance contracts | 7,895 | 1,765 | 1,568 | 1,299 | 1,133 | 3,337 | 16,997 | 12,932 | 2,067 | 1,840 | 1,308 | 1,284 | 3,493 | 22,924
Total | 32,391 | 10,138 | 6,704 | 4,123 | 3,123 | 10,435 | 66,914 | 34,055 | 10,722 | 5,245 | 3,124 | 2,409 | 8,574 | 64,129
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities from insurance contracts | 285,203 | 86,155 | 60,054 | 51,753 | 39,863 | 209,094 | 732,122 | 223,245 | 120,387 | 69,970 | 49,984 | 45,443 | 193,465 | 702,494
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts | 2,070 | (49) | (33) | (18) | (12) | (48) | 1,910 | 1,991 | (21) | (6) | (2) | (1) | - | 1,961
Total | 287,273 | 86,106 | 60,021 | 51,735 | 39,851 | 209,046 | 734,032 | 225,236 | 120,366 | 69,964 | 49,982 | 45,442 | 193,465 | 704,455
Maturity mismatch | (254,882) | (75,968) | (53,317) | (47,612) | (36,728) | (198,611) | (667,118) | (191,181) | (109,644) | (64,719) | (46,858) | (43,033) | (184,891) | (640,326)

Group in EUR’000 | 31 December 2023 | 31 December 2022
Assets | No later than 1 year | 1-2 years | 2-3 years | 3-4 years | 4-5 years | More than 5 years | Total | No later than 1 year | 1-2 years | 2-3 years | 3-4 years | 4-5 years | More than 5 years | Total
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 27,765 | 8,742 | 5,353 | 2,972 | 2,093 | 7,513 | 54,438 | 22,163 | 8,851 | 3,515 | 1,881 | 1,173 | 5,334 | 42,917
Assets from insurance contracts | 7,894 | 1,765 | 1,568 | 1,299 | 1,133 | 3,338 | 16,997 | 12,933 | 2,067 | 1,840 | 1,308 | 1,284 | 3,492 | 22,924
Total | 35,659 | 10,507 | 6,921 | 4,271 | 3,226 | 10,851 | 71,435 | 35,096 | 10,918 | 5,355 | 3,189 | 2,457 | 8,826 | 65,841
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities from insurance contracts | 335,658 | 93,371 | 66,429 | 56,447 | 44,380 | 265,701 | 861,986 | 264,790 | 127,660 | 76,436 | 55,540 | 50,568 | 248,671 | 823,665
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts | 4,797 | (210) | (164) | (75) | (53) | (270) | 4,025 | 2,195 | (26) | (8) | (2) | (1) | - | 2,158
Total | 340,455 | 93,161 | 66,265 | 56,372 | 44,327 | 265,431 | 866,011 | 266,985 | 127,634 | 76,428 | 55,538 | 50,567 | 248,671 | 825,823
Maturity mismatch | (304,796) | (82,654) | (59,344) | (52,101) | (41,101) | (254,580) | (794,576) | (231,889) | (116,716) | (71,073) | (52,349) | (48,110) | (239,845) | (759,982)

The table below shows the future undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities which refer to lease liabilities:

Lease liabilities | Company in EUR’000 | Group in EUR’000
| No later than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | 5-10 years | More than 10 years | Total | No later than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | 5-10 years | More than 10 years | Total
31 December 2023 | 3,863 | 6,291 | 5,120 | 11,599 | 27,187 | 54,060 | 5,545 | 9,415 | 8,824 | 13,807 | 28,256 | 65,847
31 December 2022 | 3,638 | 7,253 | 4,812 | 13,368 | 29,802 | 58,873 | 4,632 | 8,399 | 6,298 | 14,235 | 30,268 | 63,832

The table below shows the contractual obligations for future investments (note 30):

Contractual obligations for future investments | Company in EUR’000 | Group in EUR’000
| No later than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | 5-10 years | More than 10 years | Total | No later than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | 5-10 years | More than 10 years | Total
31 December 2023 | 14,404 | 12,714 | 2,122 | - | - | 29,240 | 14,404 | 12,714 | 2,122 | - | - | 29,240
31 December 2022 | - | - | - | - | 44,862 | 44,862 | - | - | - | - | 44,862 | 44,862

Fair value
Fair value is the amount that should be received for an asset sold or paid to settle a liability in an arm’s length transaction between market participants at the value measurement date. Fair value is based on quoted market prices, where available. If market prices are not available, fair value is estimated by using discounted cash flow models or other appropriate pricing techniques. Changes in assumptions on which the estimates are based, including discount rates and estimated future cash flows, significantly affect the estimates. Therefore, at this point the estimated fair value cannot be achieved from the sale of a financial instrument.
Details related to fair value principles are provided in chapter 2.17 Financial instruments.
The fair value of investments at amortised cost is presented below:

| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| Net book value | Fair value | Difference | Net book value | Fair value | Difference
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Company |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities | 285,069 | 268,392 | (16,677) | 291,628 | 266,781 | (24,847)
Loans | 56,481 | 54,403 | (2,078) | 58,224 | 59,309 | 1,085
Deposits | 9,889 | 9,889 | - | 9,047 | 9,047 | -
| 351,439 | 332,684 | (18,755) | 358,899 | 335,137 | (23,762)
Group |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities | 301,800 | 284,690 | (17,110) | 303,834 | 279,022 | (24,812)
Loans | 19,888 | 19,872 | (16) | 24,532 | 24,565 | 33
Deposits | 72,553 | 72,553 | - | 64,028 | 64,028 | -
| 394,241 | 377,115 | (17,126) | 392,394 | 367,615 | (24,779)

The overview of fair value by individual levels for investments at amortized cost is presented below:

| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
Company | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Debt securities | 101,938 | 166,235 | 219 | 268,392 | 142,469 | 124,312 | - | 266,780
Loans | - | 54,403 | - | 54,403 | - | 59,309 | - | 59,309
Deposits | - | - | 9,889 | 9,889 | - | - | 9,047 | 9,047
| 101,938 | 220,638 | 10,108 | 332,684 | 142,469 | 183,621 | 9,047 | 335,137

| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
Group | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Debt securities | 107,516 | 176,956 | 218 | 284,690 | 146,654 | 132,368 | - | 279,022
Loans | - | 19,432 | 440 | 19,872 | - | 23,974 | 591 | 24,565
Deposits | - | - | 72,553 | 72,553 | - | - | 64,028 | 64,028
| 107,516 | 196,388 | 73,211 | 377,115 | 146,654 | 156,342 | 64,619 | 367,615

The table below analyses financial instruments and other assets carried at fair value using the valuation method.
The Company's assets measured at fair value as at 31 December 2023 are presented as follows:

| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Property for own use | - | - | 25,693 | 25,693
Investment property | - | - | 67,926 | 67,926
Equity securities | 109,828 | - | 28,984 | 138,812
Debt securities | 406,803 | 127,083 | - | 533,886
Investment funds | - | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 516,631 | 127,083 | 28,984 | 672,698
Equity securities | 387 | - | - | 387
Debt securities | 10,964 | - | - | 10,964
Investment funds | 46,856 | 76,950 | - | 123,806
Foreign currency forward contracts | - | 486 | - | 486
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 58,207 | 77,436 | - | 135,643
Total assets at fair value | 574,838 | 204,519 | 122,603 | 901,960

The Company's assets measured at fair value as at 31 December 2022 are presented as follows:

| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Property for own use | - | - | 25,157 | 25,157
Investment property | - | - | 69,394 | 69,394
Equity securities | 80,279 | 12,698 | 9,770 | 102,747
Debt securities | 377,738 | 115,119 | 235 | 493,092
Investment funds | 382 | 51,712 | - | 52,094
Available-for-sale financial assets | 458,399 | 179,529 | 10,005 | 647,933
Equity securities | 2,974 | - | - | 2,974
Debt securities | - | - | - | -
Investment funds | 25,733 | - | - | 25,733
Foreign currency forward contracts | - | 1,806 | - | 1,806
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 28,707 | 1,806 | - | 30,513
Total assets at fair value | 487,106 | 181,335 | 104,556 | 772,997

The Group's assets measured at fair value as at 31 December 2023 are presented as follows:

| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Property for own use | - | - | 58,548 | 58,548
Investment property | - | - | 138,689 | 138,689
Equity securities | 109,827 | - | 28,985 | 138,812
Debt securities | 446,105 | 171,813 | - | 617,918
Investment funds | - | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 555,932 | 171,813 | 28,985 | 756,730
Equity securities | 387 | - | - | 387
Debt securities | 10,963 | - | - | 10,963
Investment funds | 57,058 | 76,950 | - | 134,008
Foreign currency forward contracts | - | 486 | - | 486
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 68,408 | 77,436 | - | 145,844
Total assets at fair value | 624,340 | 249,249 | 226,222 | 1,099,811

The Group's assets measured at fair value as at 31 December 2022 are presented as follows:

| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Property for own use | - | - | 56,745 | 56,745
Investment property | - | - | 138,440 | 138,440
Equity securities | 80,279 | 12,698 | 9,770 | 102,747
Debt securities | 412,305 | 158,795 | 235 | 571,335
Investment funds | 383 | 51,712 | - | 52,095
Available-for-sale financial assets | 492,966 | 223,205 | 10,006 | 726,177
Equity securities | 2,974 | - | - | 2,974
Debt securities | - | - | - | -
Investment funds | 34,636 | - | - | 34,636
Foreign currency forward contracts | - | 1,806 | - | 1,806
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 37,610 | 1,806 | - | 39,416
Total assets at fair value | 530,576 | 225,011 | 205,191 | 960,778

The following table presents the changes in level 3 items for the Company:

Company | Equity securities | Debt securities | Investment funds | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
31 December 2021 | 1,054 | 251 | 8 | 1,313
Transfer from/to Level 2 | 8,705 | - | - | 8,705
Increase | 11 | - | - | 11
Decrease | - | (16) | (8) | (23)
31 December 2022 | 9,770 | 235 | - | 10,006
Transfer from/to Level 2 | - | - | - | -
Increase | 19,076 | - | - | 19,076
Decrease | (1) | (235) | - | (236)
(Losses) recognized in other comprehensive income | (244) | - | - | (244)
Gains recognized in other comprehensive income | 383 | - | - | 383
31 December 2023 | 28,984 | - | - | 28,984

Movement of property for own use and investment property for the Company are disclosed in Note 14 and 15.
The following table presents the changes in level 3 items for the Group:

Group | Equity securities | Debt securities | Investment funds | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
31 December 2021 | 1,061 | 251 | 8 | 1,320
Transfer from/to Level 2 | 8,705 | - | - | 8,705
Increase | 12 | - | - | 12
Decrease | (8) | (15) | (8) | (32)
31 December 2022 | 9,770 | 235 | - | 10,005
Transfer from/to Level 2 | - | - | - | -
Increase | 19,075 | - | - | 19,075
Decrease | (1) | (235) | - | (236)
(Losses) recognized in other comprehensive income | (244) | - | - | (244)
Gains recognized in other comprehensive income | 385 | - | - | 385
31 December 2023 | 28,985 | - | - | 28,985

Movement of property for own use and investment property for the Group are disclosed in Note 14 and 15.
Information on fair value measurements of equity securities, debt securities and investment funds which included significant parameters that are not available on the market (level 3):

| Fair value at 31 Dec. 2023 | Unob-servable inputs | Range of inputs (probability-weighted average) | Relationship of unobservable inputs to fair value
| in EUR'000
Equity securities | 28,984 | Discount rate | 7.84%-13.21% (10.09%) | An increase in the discount rate by 100 bps would decrease the fair value by EUR 3,543 thousand. A decrease in the discount rate by 100 bps would increase the fair value by EUR 4,664 thousand.
Debt securities | - | Discount rate | - | -
Investment funds | - | Discount rate | - | -

| Fair value at 31 Dec. 2022 | Unob-servable inputs | Range of inputs (probability-weighted average) | Relationship of unobservable inputs to fair value
| in EUR'000
Equity securities | 9,770 | Discount rate | 4.93%-12.10% (8.30%) | An increase in the discount rate by 100 bps would decrease the fair value by EUR 1,832 thousand. A decrease in the discount rate by 100 bps would increase the fair value by EUR 2,207 thousand.
Debt securities | 235 | Discount rate | 12.5% - 14.5% (13.5%) | An increase in the discount rate by 100 bps would decrease the fair value by EUR 6 thousand. A decrease in the discount rate by 100 bps would increase the fair value by EUR 6 thousand.
Investment funds | - | Discount rate | - | -

The Company has adopted IFRS 13, pursuant to which it is required to disclose the fair value hierarchy of financial assets that are not measured at fair value as well as a description of valuation techniques and inputs used.
Financial liabilities are recorded at amortised cost. Since the interest rate they bear is aligned with market rates, the Management Board believes that the carrying value of these instruments is not significantly different from their fair value.
The fair value of deposits, loans and financial liabilities are estimated on the basis of inputs that are not commercially available rates, and would therefore be classified as level 3, or by using publicly available rates published by the Croatian national bank (for the Company’s loans) and would therefore be classified as level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Investments with available market prices that are classified in the portfolio of held-to-maturity investments i.e. at amortised cost would be classified as level 1.
The fair values of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables and other receivables do not differ significantly from their carrying amounts due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Fair value is determined based on level 2 inputs for cash and cash equivalents and based on level 3 inputs for trade receivables and other receivables.
The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. These valuation techniques maximise the use of observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2. The fair value of financial instruments that are classified as level 3 is determined by using discontinued cash flow techniques or other valuation techniques by using relevant observable market data, information about current business and estimation of issuer’s future business.
The fair value of held-to-maturity investments i.e. at amortised cost is based on the available market prices and market inputs and is classified as level 1 and level 2 in accordance with IFRS 13.
Fair value of properties
An independent valuation of the Group’s investment property was conducted by external valuators in order to determine the fair value as at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022.
To determine fair value of the property for own use, the Group use real estate appraisals conducted by independent certified authorized external valuators in 2019, whereas in 2023 it reviewed whether there were any indications of impairment and recognized impairment of the property for own use where there was a significant difference in its net book value in comparison to the previously determined value. The effects are listed in Note 14.1.
Valuation techniques used for determining fair value on Level 3
The fair value of investment property is derived primarily by applying a sales comparison and income approach, and sometimes lacking information on market parameters by applying the cost method, depending on a particular property.
The fair value of the property for own use for was carried out primarily by applying the income method.
The most significant inputs in the valuations were prices or rental income per square meter, generated based on comparable properties in the immediate vicinity and then adjusted by differences in key characteristics.
Information on fair value measurement of investment property which included significant parameters that are not available on the market (level 3)

Description | Fair value as at 31 December | Fair value Land as at 31 December | Fair value Building as at 31 December | Fair value as at 31 December | Fair value Land as at 31 December | Fair value Building as at 31 December | Valuation technique(s) | Unavailable parameters | Range of unavailable parameters
2023 | 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | 2022 | 2022
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 | 2022
Company | 67,926 | 9,451 | 58,475 | 69,394 | 9,662 | 59,732 | Income approach | Capitalization rate | 6-10% | 5.5-10%
Cost approach | Building unit price per m2 (EUR) | 133-986 | 16-711
Sales comparison approach | Average price per m2 (EUR) | 1-3,403 | 0.3-3,374
Group | 138,689 | 20,365 | 118,324 | 138,440 | 20,300 | 118,140 | Income approach | Capitalization rate | 6%-10% | 5.5%-10%
Discount rate | 10% | 10%
Cost approach | Building unit price (EUR) | 133-986 | 16-711
Sales comparison approach | Building unit price per m2 (EUR) | 1 – 4,236 | 0.3-4,568

A significant increase (decrease) in the estimated capitalization rate, average building price and the average price per m 2, with other variables held constant, would have an impact on a significant increase (decrease) in the fair value of investment property. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate, with other variables held constant, would have an impact on a significant decrease (increase) in the fair value of investment property.
There is no significant interaction between invisible inputs used in estimates that would have a significant effect on fair value.
2.34. Capital management
The Company’s objectives when managing capital are:
Ensuring the Company's going concern;
Compliance with Croatian and EU laws and subordinate legislation, regulations and instructions of the regulatory body governing capital management;
Maintaining a high level of capitalization and consequently financial stability, thus providing an adequate level of security to the insurers and the insured party;
Achieving efficient and optimal capital allocation as well as maximizing return on capital;
Ensuring continuous compliance of the Company's and the Group's business strategy with risk appetite and targeted levels of capital adequacy;
Providing a high level of capitalization or sufficient surplus capital for further investment in the development and growth of the Company and the Group.
The Company and the Group are subject to the statutory and subordinate regulations of the Republic of Croatia and the EU governing capital management, which also define the minimum levels of capital that the Company and the Group must maintain (regulatory framework Sovereignty 2 applied since 2016). The above-mentioned regulatory framework defines the rules governing the method of calculation and reporting on capital adequacy. In particular, it stipulates that the Company and the Group must at all times maintain eligible own funds (available capital) in such a manner as to cover the Minimum Capital Requirement (the so-called MCR), as well as the Solvency Capital Requirement SCR).
The SCR ratio is defined as the ratio of the amount of total eligible own funds to cover the required solvency capital (SCR) and the amount of solvent capital required. The MCR ratio is defined as the ratio of the amount of total eligible own funds to cover the Minimum Capital Requirement (MCR) and the amount of minimum required capital.
Based on information provided internally to key management personnel, the Company and the Group comply with the legal and subordinate regulations governing the capital adequacy, as follows:

| Regulatory requirement | Company | Company
31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
SCR ratio | >100% | 308% | 289%
MCR ratio | >100% | 1064% | 1086%

| Regulatory requirement | Group | Group
31 Dec. 2023* | 31 Dec. 2022**
SCR ratio | >100% | 262% | 239%
MCR ratio | >100% | 837% | 839%

* Temporary quarterly data for the last reference date for which the data is available at the time of this Report are presented. The Group will disclose the final (annual) data for 31 December 2023 as part of the Solvency and Financial Condition Report of CROATIA osiguranje Group for 2023, which will be published on the Company's website within the stipulated deadlines.
** Data presented for 31 December 2022 are the data that are published in the Solvency and Financial Condition Report of CROATIA osiguranje Group for 2022.
The Company and the Group regularly monitor capital adequacy and conduct stress tests of capital and its adequacy in order to prevent the possibility of capital shortages in time.
3. Segment reporting
The Company's statement of comprehensive income by segments for the year is as follows:

| 2023 | 2023 | 2023 | Restated 2022 | Restated 2022 | Restated 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
| NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
Insurance revenue | 388,942 | 6,442 | 395,384 | 351,741 | 5,488 | 357,229
Insurance service expenses | (373,366) | (2,565) | (375,931) | (319,116) | (6,392) | (325,508)
Insurance revenue | (7,676) | (1) | (7,677) | (11,307) | (1) | (11,308)
Result from insurance contracts | 7,900 | 3,876 | 11,776 | 21,318 | (905) | 20,413
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 17,365 | 9,859 | 27,224 | 12,200 | 10,928 | 23,128
Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 4,158 | 1,892 | 6,050 | (1,262) | 217 | (1,045)
Net impairment/release of impairment of financial assets | 1,649 | 370 | 2,019 | 1,240 | (137) | 1,103
Income from investment property | 4,691 | - | 4,691 | 4,943 | - | 4,943
Net exchange rate differences | (805) | (159) | (964) | 2,220 | 800 | 3,020
Other income/expenditure from investments | 11,874 | 1,319 | 13,193 | 10,898 | (8) | 10,890
Net investment income | 38,932 | 13,281 | 52,213 | 30,239 | 11,800 | 42,039
Net financial result from insurance contracts | (3,573) | (1,150) | (4,723) | 472 | 1,967 | 2,439
Net financial result from (passive) reinsurance contracts | 673 | - | 673 | 46 | - | 46
Net financial result from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts | (2,900) | (1,150) | (4,050) | 518 | 1,967 | 2,485
Other income | 5,636 | 17 | 5,653 | 7,149 | 101 | 7,250
Other financial expenses | (1,382) | (36) | (1,418) | (1,378) | (63) | (1,441)
Other operating expenses | (8,834) | (187) | (9,021) | (16,395) | (303) | (16,698)
Share of profit of companies consolidated using equity method, net of tax | - | - | - | - | - | -
Profit before tax | 39,352 | 15,801 | 55,153 | 41,451 | 12,597 | 54,048
Income tax | (5,525) | (2,749) | (8,274) | (6,254) | (2,169) | (8,423)
Profit for the year | 33,827 | 13,052 | 46,879 | 35,197 | 10,428 | 45,625
Profit attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Company shareholders | 33,827 | 13,052 | 46,879 | 35,197 | 10,428 | 45,625
- Non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | -
| 33,827 | 13,052 | 46,879 | 35,197 | 10,428 | 45,625

Total depreciation cost of the non-life segment amounts to EUR 8,777 thousand (2022: EUR 7,889 thousand), while depreciation cost of the life segment amounts to EUR 120 thousand (2022: EUR 184 thousand).
The Company's statement of financial position by segments at the reporting date is as follows:

| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Assets | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
Intangible assets | 15,767 | - | 15,767 | 15,418 | - | 15,418
Property at revaluation model | 25,693 | - | 25,693 | 25,929 | - | 25,929
Property and equipment at cost model | 36,952 | 2 | 36,954 | 38,242 | 2 | 38,244
Investment property | 67,926 | - | 67,926 | 69,394 | - | 69,394
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures | 54,531 | - | 54,531 | 51,512 | - | 51,512
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 49,917 | - | 49,917 | 41,196 | 9 | 41,205
Assets from insurance contracts | 16,997 | - | 16,997 | 22,924 | - | 22,924
Financial assets | 747,549 | 412,231 | 1,159,780 | 612,014 | 425,331 | 1,037,345
Financial assets at amortised cost | 199,241 | 152,198 | 351,439 | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 472,001 | 200,697 | 672,698 | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | 76,308 | 59,335 | 135,643 | 4,491 | 26,022 | 30,513
Held-to-maturity investments | - | - | - | 139,120 | 152,508 | 291,628
Available-for-sale financial assets | - | - | - | 417,459 | 230,474 | 647,933
Loans and receivables | - | - | - | 50,943 | 16,328 | 67,271
Deferred tax assets | - | - | - | - | - | -
Current income tax assets | - | - | - | - | - | -
Trade receivables and other receivables | 29,931 | 61 | 29,992 | 27,485 | 718 | 28,203
Cash and cash equivalents | 42,908 | 2,381 | 45,289 | 100,834 | 13,755 | 114,589
Total assets | 1,088,171 | 414,675 | 1,502,846 | 1,004,948 | 439,815 | 1,444,763
Capital and reserves |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscribed share capital | 72,415 | 5,881 | 78,296 | 72,339 | 5,878 | 78,217
Premium on issued shares | 90,448 | - | 90,448 | 90,448 | - | 90,448
Reserves | 41,961 | 11,318 | 53,279 | 42,039 | 11,321 | 53,360
Revaluation reserve | 63,612 | 14,663 | 78,275 | 55,475 | 31,666 | 87,141
Retained earnings | 330,690 | 33,446 | 364,136 | 293,193 | 20,372 | 313,565
Total capital and reserves | 599,126 | 65,308 | 664,434 | 553,494 | 69,237 | 622,731
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities from insurance contracts | 389,298 | 342,824 | 732,122 | 341,538 | 360,956 | 702,494
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts | 1,910 | - | 1,910 | 1,961 | - | 1,961
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss account | 72 | 19 | 91 | 79 | 3 | 82
Financial liabilities at amortized cost | 37,058 | - | 37,058 | 48,117 | - | 48,117
Provisions | 6,374 | 393 | 6,767 | 6,140 | 397 | 6,537
Deferred tax liability | 5,573 | 2,702 | 8,275 | 15,186 | 3,934 | 19,120
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 37,822 | 3,429 | 41,251 | 37,107 | 5,288 | 42,395
Current income tax liability | 10,938 | - | 10,938 | 1,327 | - | 1,327
Total liabilities | 489,045 | 349,367 | 838,412 | 451,454 | 370,578 | 822,032
Total capital, reserves and liabilities | 1,088,171 | 414,675 | 1,502,846 | 1,004,948 | 439,815 | 1,444,763

Differences in the amounts of Trade receivables and other receivables and the amounts of Account payable and other liabilities, stated in the Statement of financial position and Note 3 arise from intersegmental receivables and liabilities.
The Company's additions to non-current assets by segments at the reporting date are as follows:

| 2023 | 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | 2022 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
| NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
Additions to non-current assets (Note 13, 14, 15) | 8,672 | - | 8,672 | 11,620 | - | 11,620

The Group's statement of comprehensive income by segments for the year is as follows:

| 2023 | 2023 | 2023 | Restated 2022 | Restated 2022 | Restated 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
| NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
Insurance revenue | 464,151 | 12,245 | 476,396 | 418,064 | 10,519 | 428,583
Insurance service expenses | (436,407) | (6,194) | (442,601) | (372,918) | (9,573) | (382,491)
Net result of (passive) reinsurance contracts | (8,495) | (47) | (8,542) | (13,388) | (45) | (13,433)
Result from insurance contracts | 19,249 | 6,004 | 25,253 | 31,758 | 901 | 32,659
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 18,235 | 12,558 | 30,793 | 12,338 | 13,348 | 25,686
Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 4,235 | 2,002 | 6,237 | (1,329) | 163 | (1,166)
Net impairment/release of impairment of financial assets | 1,134 | 359 | 1,493 | 1,304 | (143) | 1,161
Income from investment property | 16,770 | 10 | 16,780 | 13,922 | 5 | 13,927
Net exchange rate differences | (850) | (162) | (1,012) | 2,194 | 708 | 2,902
Other income/expenditure from investments | 3,694 | 1,776 | 5,470 | 6,881 | (343) | 6,538
Net investment income | 43,218 | 16,543 | 59,761 | 35,310 | 13,738 | 49,048
Net financial result from insurance contracts | (4,983) | (1,924) | (6,907) | (28) | 2,503 | 2,475
Net financial result from (passive) reinsurance contracts | 790 | - | 790 | 48 | - | 48
Net financial result from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts | (4,193) | (1,924) | (6,117) | 20 | 2,503 | 2,523
Other income | 30,558 | 71 | 30,629 | 28,458 | 145 | 28,603
Other financial expenses | (1,773) | (42) | (1,815) | (1,656) | (81) | (1,737)
Other operating expenses | (39,816) | (503) | (40,319) | (42,474) | (478) | (42,952)
Share of profit of companies consolidated using equity method, net of tax | 1,781 | - | 1,781 | 1,395 | - | 1,395
Profit before tax | 49,024 | 20,149 | 69,173 | 52,811 | 16,728 | 69,539
Income tax | (7,547) | (3,175) | (10,722) | (8,582) | (2,680) | (11,262)
Profit for the year | 41,477 | 16,974 | 58,451 | 44,229 | 14,048 | 58,277
Profit attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
- Company shareholders | 41,426 | 16,954 | 58,380 | 44,172 | 14,027 | 58,199
- Non-controlling interest | 51 | 20 | 71 | 57 | 21 | 78
| 41,477 | 16,974 | 58,451 | 44,229 | 14,048 | 58,277

Total depreciation cost of the non-life segment amounts to EUR 13,794 thousand (2022: EUR 11,961 thousand), while depreciation cost of the life segment amounts to EUR 241 thousand (2022: EUR 394 thousand).
The Group's statement of financial position by segments at the reporting date is as follows:

| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Assets | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
Intangible assets | 19,288 | 103 | 19,391 | 17,719 | 65 | 17,784
Property at revaluation model | 56,779 | 1,769 | 58,548 | 55,886 | 1,795 | 57,681
Property and equipment at cost model | 60,783 | 1,159 | 61,942 | 52,509 | 477 | 52,986
Investment property | 138,525 | 164 | 138,689 | 138,275 | 165 | 138,440
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures | 10,123 | - | 10,123 | 9,659 | - | 9,659
Assets from reinsurance contracts | 54,438 | - | 54,438 | 42,908 | 9 | 42,917
Assets from insurance contracts | 16,997 | - | 16,997 | 22,924 | - | 22,924
Financial assets | 806,909 | 489,906 | 1,296,815 | 656,652 | 501,335 | 1,157,987
Financial assets at amortised cost | 214,149 | 180,092 | 394,241 | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 512,244 | 244,486 | 756,730 | - | - | -
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | 80,515 | 65,329 | 145,844 | 8,670 | 30,746 | 39,416
Held-to-maturity investments | - | - | - | 144,689 | 159,145 | 303,834
Available-for-sale financial assets | - | - | - | 453,001 | 273,176 | 726,177
Loans and receivables | - | - | - | 50,292 | 38,268 | 88,559
Deferred tax assets | 906 | 1 | 907 | 427 | - | 427
Current income tax assets | - | - | - | 418 | - | 418
Trade receivables and other receivables | 48,262 | 4,740 | 53,002 | 40,814 | 4,431 | 45,245
Cash and cash equivalents | 63,660 | 3,163 | 66,823 | 128,750 | 14,347 | 143,097
Total assets | 1,276,670 | 501,005 | 1,777,675 | 1,166,941 | 522,624 | 1,689,565
Capital and reserves |  |  |  |  |  |
Subscribed share capital | 72,415 | 5,881 | 78,296 | 72,339 | 5,878 | 78,217
Premium on issued shares | 90,448 | - | 90,448 | 90,448 | - | 90,448
Reserves | 41,961 | 11,318 | 53,279 | 42,039 | 11,321 | 53,360
Revaluation reserve | 70,928 | 20,503 | 91,431 | 62,373 | 38,317 | 100,690
Retained earnings | 405,034 | 45,923 | 450,957 | 359,390 | 29,751 | 389,141
Equity attributable to shareholders of the Company | 680,786 | 83,625 | 764,411 | 626,589 | 85,267 | 711,856
Non-controlling interests | 599 | 148 | 747 | 1,216 | 154 | 1,370
Total capital and reserves | 681,385 | 83,773 | 765,158 | 627,805 | 85,421 | 713,226
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities from insurance contracts | 459,521 | 402,465 | 861,986 | 403,352 | 420,313 | 823,665
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts | 4,021 | 4 | 4,025 | 2,134 | 24 | 2,158
Financial liabilities ate fair value through profit and loss account | 72 | 19 | 91 | 79 | 3 | 82
Financial liabilities at amortized cost | 47,174 | 975 | 48,149 | 53,518 | 436 | 53,954
Provisions | 7,680 | 405 | 8,085 | 7,285 | 405 | 7,690
Deferred tax liability | 11,967 | 3,233 | 15,200 | 21,180 | 4,439 | 25,619
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 53,050 | 9,865 | 62,915 | 49,765 | 11,344 | 61,109
Current income tax liability | 11,800 | 266 | 12,066 | 1,823 | 239 | 2,062
Total liabilities | 595,285 | 417,232 | 1,012,517 | 539,136 | 437,203 | 976,339
Total capital, reserves and liabilities | 1,276,670 | 501,005 | 1,777,675 | 1,166,941 | 522,624 | 1,689,565

Differences in the amounts of Trade receivables and other receivables and the amounts of Account payable and other liabilities, stated in the Statement of financial position and Note 3 arise from intersegmental receivables and liabilities.
Group's additions to non-current assets by segments at the reporting date are as follows:

| 2023 | 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | 2022 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
| NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
Additions to non-current assets (Note 13, 14 and 15) | 25,669 | 1,333 | 27,002 | 18,368 | 70 | 18,438

The measurement of the assets and liabilities segment and the revenues and result segment is based on the accounting policies set out in the notes on accounting policies. Based on the internal management reports, one of the key performance measure for measurement of profitability of each segment and insurance type identified by the Group is profit before tax.
The Group’s main reportable segments are non-life and life. The Group performs insurance business in segments of non-life and life insurance. Among other important activities, the Group also carries out activities of pension fund management, technical examinations and providing medical services of clinics within the segment of non-life.
Segment results, assets and liabilities include items directly attributable to the segment as well as those that are allocated on a reasonable basis.
The main products offered by reportable segments include:
Non-life:

Medical expense insurance
Income protection insurance
Workers' compensation insurance
Motor vehicle liability insurance
Other motor insurance
Marine, aviation and transport insurance
Fire and other damage to property insurance
General liability insurance
Credit and suretyship insurance
Legal expenses insurance
Assistance
Miscellaneous financial loss insurance
Non-proportional health reinsurance (non-life)
Non-proportional reinsurance casualty
Non-proportional marine, aviation and transport reinsurance
Non-proportional property reinsurance

Life:

Health insurance
Insurance with profit participation
Index-linked and unit-linked insurance
Other life insurance
Health reinsurance
Life reinsurance

An overview of insurance revenue by type of insurance is shown below:

| Company | Company | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Medical expense insurance | 59,214 | 52,888 | 64,702 | 56,601
Income protection insurance | 15,790 | 14,582 | 19,732 | 17,981
Workers' compensation insurance | - | - | - | (57)
Motor vehicle liability insurance | 85,316 | 73,479 | 127,782 | 112,262
Other motor insurance | 70,907 | 57,263 | 80,812 | 65,237
Marine, aviation and transport insurance | 13,187 | 11,478 | 13,715 | 11,995
Fire and other damage to property insurance | 110,733 | 111,125 | 116,769 | 117,004
General liability insurance | 18,873 | 16,678 | 19,612 | 17,343
Credit and suretyship insurance | 3,764 | 3,588 | 6,452 | 6,164
Legal expenses insurance | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2
Assistance | 3,723 | 2,785 | 6,989 | 5,431
Miscellaneous financial loss insurance | 7,431 | 7,873 | 7,581 | 8,101
Non-proportional health reinsurance (non-life) | - | - | - | -
Non-proportional reinsurance casualty | - | - | - | -
Non-proportional marine, aviation and transport reinsurance | - | - | - | -
Non-proportional property reinsurance | - | - | - | -
Total non-life insurance | 388,941 | 351,740 | 464,151 | 418,064
Health insurance | - | - | - | -
Insurance with profit participation | 5,873 | 4,972 | 7,348 | 6,717
Index-linked and unit-linked insurance | 431 | 381 | 828 | 610
Other life insurance | 139 | 136 | 4,069 | 3,192
Health reinsurance | - | - | - | -
Life reinsurance | - | - | - | -
Total life insurance | 6,442 | 5,489 | 12,245 | 10,519
Total | 395,384 | 357,229 | 476,396 | 428,583

An overview of the Company's and the Group's revenues by geographical area is shown below:

Company in EUR’000 | 2023
| Republic of Croatia | Slovenia | Other countries | TOTAL
Insurance revenue | 381,206 | 8,692 | 5,486 | 395,384
Net operating income | 381,206 | 8,692 | 5,486 | 395,384

Company in EUR’000 | 2022
| Republic of Croatia | Slovenia | Other countries | TOTAL
Insurance revenue | 344,406 | 7,775 | 5,048 | 357,229
Net operating income | 344,406 | 7,775 | 5,048 | 357,229

Group in EUR’000 | 2023
| Republic of Croatia | Republic of Serbia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | North Macedonia | Other countries | TOTAL
Insurance revenue | 380,710 | 41,448 | 22,600 | 21,044 | 10,594 | 476,396
Net operating income | 380,710 | 41,448 | 22,600 | 21,044 | 10,594 | 476,396

Group in EUR’000 | 2022
| Republic of Croatia | Republic of Serbia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | North Macedonia | Other countries | TOTAL
Insurance revenue | 343,910 | 36,351 | 21,270 | 17,539 | 9,513 | 428,583
Net operating income | 343,910 | 36,351 | 21,270 | 17,539 | 9,513 | 428,583

An overview of the Company's and the Group's non-current assets by geographical area is shown below:

Company in EUR’000 | 2023
| Republic of Croatia | Slovenia | Other countries | TOTAL
Non-current assets (note 13, 14 and 15) | 145,949 | 391 | - | 146,340

Company in EUR’000 | 2022
| Republic of Croatia | Slovenia | Other countries | TOTAL
Non-current assets (note 13, 14 and 15) | 148,550 | 435 | - | 148,985

Group in EUR’000 | 2023
| Republic of Croatia | Republic of Serbia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | North Macedonia | Other countries | TOTAL
Non-current assets (note 13, 14 and 15) | 257,287 | 4,247 | 13,223 | 3,422 | 391 | 278,570

Group in EUR’000 | 2022
| Republic of Croatia | Republic of Serbia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | North Macedonia | Other countries | TOTAL
Non-current assets (note 13, 14 and 15) | 248,936 | 3,150 | 13,164 | 1,196 | 445 | 266,891

4. Insurance revenue

| 2023 | 2023 | 2023 | Restated 2022 | Restated 2022 | Restated 2022
Company | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Contracts not measured under the Premium allocation approach (“PAA”) |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts relating to changes in liabilities from remaining coverage |  |  |  |  |  |
- Changes in contractual service margin | 1,106 | 1,215 | 2,321 | 509 | 694 | 1,203
- Change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk | 139 | 434 | 573 | 207 | 521 | 728
- Expected incurred claims and other insurance service expenses | 1,728 | 4,487 | 6,215 | 2,371 | 4,118 | 6,489
- Other changes | 38 | - | 38 | - | - | -
Allocation of the portion of the premiums that relate to the recovery of insurance acquisition cash flows | 418 | 307 | 725 | 276 | 156 | 432
Total | 3,429 | 6,443 | 9,872 | 3,363 | 5,489 | 8,852
Contracts measured under the Premium allocation approach (“PAA”) | 385,512 | - | 385,512 | 348,377 | - | 348,377
Total income from insurance contracts | 388,941 | 6,443 | 395,384 | 351,740 | 5,489 | 357,229

| 2023 | 2023 | 2023 | Restated 2022 | Restated 2022 | Restated 2022
Group | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Contracts not measured under the Premium allocation approach (“PAA”) |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts relating to changes in liabilities from remaining coverage |  |  |  |  |  |
- Changes in contractual service margin | 2,172 | 2,030 | 4,202 | 1,633 | 1,337 | 2,970
- Change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk | 209 | 740 | 949 | 300 | 781 | 1,081
- Expected incurred claims and other insurance service expenses | 2,984 | 7,912 | 10,896 | 3,701 | 7,808 | 11,509
- Other changes | 38 | - | 38 | - | - | -
Allocation of the portion of the premiums that relate to the recovery of insurance acquisition cash flows | 562 | 1,563 | 2,125 | 291 | 593 | 884
Total | 5,965 | 12,245 | 18,210 | 5,925 | 10,519 | 16,444
Contracts measured under the Premium allocation approach (“PAA”) | 458,186 | - | 458,186 | 412,139 | - | 412,139
Total income from insurance contracts | 464,151 | 12,245 | 476,396 | 418,064 | 10,519 | 428,583

5. Insurance service expenses

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | Restated 2022 |  | 2023 | Restated 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Incurred claims | 257,715 | 198,256 |  | 299,289 | 231,036
Other insurance service expenses | 60,283 | 57,476 |  | 73,065 | 69,287
Other sale related insurance expenses | 38,510 | 39,059 |  | 47,780 | 47,446
Provisions | 39,912 | 36,941 |  | 46,582 | 42,069
Losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | (2,147) | 1,790 |  | (2,210) | 2,921
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | (18,342) | (8,014) |  | (21,905) | (10,268)
| 375,931 | 325,508 |  | 442,601 | 382,491

5.1. Other insurance expenses

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Services | 15,820 | 14,779 |  | 18,216 | 16,919
Net salaries and fees | 13,005 | 12,378 |  | 15,939 | 14,870
Contributions from salaries | 2,994 | 2,988 |  | 3,472 | 3,279
Contributions on salaries | 2,263 | 2,276 |  | 2,394 | 2,397
Taxes and surtaxes | 1,844 | 1,818 |  | 1,905 | 1,876
Amortisation of intangible assets | 3,850 | 3,282 |  | 3,996 | 3,442
Depreciation of tangible assets | 2,811 | 2,538 |  | 3,418 | 3,138
Depreciation – right-of-use assets | 2,236 | 2,253 |  | 2,557 | 2,664
Contributions for health insurance from motor liability premium | 2,423 | 1,874 |  | 3,885 | 3,168
Commission expenses of credit card companies, payment transactions and banking services | 1,946 | 1,857 |  | 2,373 | 2,212
Energy consumed | 1,555 | 1,283 |  | 2,131 | 1,843
Insurance premiums | 1,575 | 1,522 |  | 1,906 | 1,807
Other contributions and fees | 1,063 | 951 |  | 1,231 | 1,129
Fire Department fee | 1,065 | 929 |  | 1,401 | 1,292
Sponsorships | 1,064 | 1,034 |  | 1,102 | 1,067
Other employee benefits in line with collective agreement | 768 | 891 |  | 811 | 932
Transportation to and from work | 430 | 429 |  | 472 | 464
Other employee benefits | 163 | 131 |  | 183 | 156
Guarantee fund fee | 464 | 370 |  | 1,119 | 1,065
Fee to supervisory authorities (e.g. HANFA) | 337 | 343 |  | 661 | 625
Fee to Croatian Insurance Bureau | 291 | 216 |  | 325 | 244
Materials used | 275 | 330 |  | 560 | 596
Severance pay and jubilee awards expenses | 27 | 18 |  | 32 | 20
Provisions for unused vacation days | 89 | 278 |  | 109 | 281
(Reversal)/reservation for jubilee awards and old-age severance pay | (82) | 14 |  | (75) | (14)
Other provisions | (249) | 199 |  | (249) | 199
Other various costs and expenditures | 2,256 | 2,495 |  | 3,191 | 3,616
| 60,283 | 57,476 |  | 73,065 | 69,287

5.2 Other sale related insurance expenses

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Sales staff costs | 29,399 | 27,434 |  | 38,642 | 35,067
Marketing costs | 4,829 | 7,417 |  | 5,746 | 8,287
Other direct sales costs | 4,282 | 4,208 |  | 3,392 | 4,092
| 38,510 | 39,059 |  | 47,780 | 47,446

6. Net investment income

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 27,224 | 23,128 |  | 30,793 | 25,686
Other income/expenditure from investments | 13,193 | 10,890 |  | 5,470 | 6,538
Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 6,050 | (1,045) |  | 6,237 | (1,166)
Income from investment property | 4,691 | 4,943 |  | 16,780 | 13,927
Net gains/losses from derecognition of financial assets at amortized cost | - | - |  | - | -
Net impairment/release of impairment of financial assets | 2,019 | 1,103 |  | 1,493 | 1,161
Net exchange rate differences | (964) | 3,020 |  | (1,012) | 2,902
| 52,213 | 42,039 |  | 59,761 | 49,048

6.1. Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortised cost | 13,401 | 12,005 |  | 14,013 | 11,885
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 13,823 | 11,123 |  | 16,780 | 13,801
| 27,224 | 23,128 |  | 30,793 | 25,686

6.2. Other income/expenses from investments

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Dividend income | 14,672 | 9,693 |  | 7,784 | 6,719
Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 289 | 4,280 |  | 293 | 4,280
-equity securities (IAS 39) | - | 2,265 |  | - | 2,265
-debt securities | 289 | 2,015 |  | 293 | 2,015
Other income | 298 | (1,062) |  | 788 | (1,351)
Net realised gain/loss from the sale of subsidiaries and associates | - | - |  | - | -
Other realised net gains/losses | - | - |  | - | -
Gain on bargain purchase | - | - |  | - | -
Other expenses | (1) | (45) |  | (2) | (45)
Foreign exchange gains from nonfinancial assets | (7) | 51 |  | (5) | 59
Payment transactions expenses | (214) | (207) |  | (239) | (252)
Utilities - investments | (840) | (946) |  | (2,124) | (1,981)
Personnel costs - investments | (1,004) | (874) |  | (1,025) | (891)
| 13,193 | 10,890 |  | 5,470 | 6,538

6.3.Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Net unrealised gains/losses | 3,877 | 982 |  | 4,051 | 836
Interest income | 1,115 | 25 |  | 1,115 | 25
Realised gain/loss from the sale | 1,058 | (2,052) |  | 1,071 | (2,027)
| 6,050 | (1,045) |  | 6,237 | (1,166)

6.4. Income from investment property

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Rental income | 3,759 | 3,603 |  | 14,084 | 13,203
Net (loss)/income from the sale of land and building | 37 | 488 |  | 37 | 491
Income from increase in the fair value of land and buildings | 895 | 852 |  | 2,659 | 233
| 4,691 | 4,943 |  | 16,780 | 13,927

6.5.Net impairment/release of impairment of financial assets

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortised cost | 1,321 | - |  | 1,339 | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 179 | - |  | 154 | -
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures | 519 | (71) |  | - | -
Equity securities classified as available for sale | - | (430) |  | - | (430)
Net release of impairment of loans | - | 1,604 |  | - | 1,591
| 2,019 | 1,103 |  | 1,493 | 1,161

7. Net financial result from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | Restated 2022 |  | 2023 | Restated 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Net financial result from insurance contracts | (4,723) | 2,439 |  | (6,907) | 2,475
Net financial result from (passive) reinsurance contracts | 673 | 46 |  | 790 | 48
| (4,050) | 2,485 |  | (6,117) | 2,523

8. Other income

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Other income | 1,983 | 975 |  | 3,674 | 2,153
Income based on the nuclear pool | 618 | 725 |  | 618 | 725
Income from collection of sued receivables | 619 | 681 |  | 619 | 686
Income from the guarantee fund | 420 | 136 |  | 420 | 136
Gain on sale of tangible assets | 460 | 7 |  | 562 | 15
Income from assessment services | 618 | 600 |  | 650 | 654
Income from liabilities and collected receivables written off | 491 | 3,262 |  | 577 | 3,377
Income from penalty interest | 387 | 681 |  | 389 | 684
Income from the medical services of polyclinics | - | - |  | 9,621 | 7,248
Income from entry fees and management fees | - | - |  | 2,304 | 2,055
Income from the technical inspection services | - | - |  | 10,982 | 10,532
Income from the collected costs of settlement | - | - |  | 65 | 71
Income from claims incurred abroad | 57 | 183 |  | 148 | 267
| 5,653 | 7,250 |  | 30,629 | 28,603

Income from motor vehicle examination, polyclinic medical services and income from entry and management fees by geographical area mostly relate to the Republic of Croatia and to non-life reportable segment. Income from entry and management fees is recognized when revenue can be reliably measured, when the Group will have future economic benefits and when specific criteria are met, all in accordance with IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
9. Other financial expenses

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Interest on lease liabilities | 1,266 | 1,297 |  | 1,653 | 1,587
Interest on collateral deposits | 10 | - |  | 10 | -
Interest on repo transactions | 1 | 14 |  | 1 | 14
Interest costs on derivative instruments | 11 | - |  | 11 | -
Interest on preference shares | 130 | 130 |  | 130 | 130
Interest on loans | - | - |  | 10 | 6
| 1,418 | 1,441 |  | 1,815 | 1,737

10. Other operating expenses

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Intellectual costs | 1,859 | 3,809 |  | 1,939 | 3,880
Representation costs | 1,368 | 1,374 |  | 1,655 | 1,801
Net provision for termination benefits and jubilee awards and retirement benefits | 52 | (623) |  | 298 | (465)
Termination benefits | 1,587 | 1,178 |  | 1,694 | 1,291
Impairment of receivables | 525 | 2,188 |  | 712 | 2,307
Other contributions and fees | 776 | 849 |  | 3,011 | 2,849
Other various costs and expenditures | 1,125 | 964 |  | 3,902 | 3,623
Marketing costs | 516 | 623 |  | 1,599 | 1,365
Daily allowances and transportation expenses | 376 | 231 |  | 509 | 416
Tax expenses not depending on the result | 133 | 69 |  | 688 | 215
Service costs | 200 | 306 |  | 2,814 | 3,074
Impairment of intangible assets | - | 6,080 |  | 12 | 6,082
Rents of business premises | - | - |  | 1,886 | 1,538
Depreciation of tangible assets | - | - |  | 2,947 | 2,266
Depreciation – right-of-use assets | - | - |  | 957 | 665
Amortisation of intangible assets | - | - |  | 160 | 135
Depreciation – investment property | - | - |  | - | -
Contributions from salaries | - | - |  | 1,936 | 1,549
Contributions on salaries | - | - |  | 1,540 | 1,405
Net salaries and fees | - | - |  | 7,390 | 5,875
Net impairment/release of impairment of tangible assets | 71 | 200 |  | 62 | 314
Other provisions | - | - |  | 191 | 135
Other employee benefits in line with collective agreement | - | - |  | 278 | 241
Write off of small inventory | - | - |  | 70 | 83
Taxes and surtaxes | - | - |  | 1,201 | 937
Energy consumed | - | - |  | 548 | 536
Insurance premiums | - | - |  | 148 | 39
Net provisions for unused vacation days | - | - |  | 95 | 47
Net provisions for termination benefits and jubilee awards | - | - |  | 6 | 7
Transportation to and from work | - | - |  | 367 | 290
Commission expenses of credit card companies, payment transactions and banking services | - | - |  | 251 | 233
Vacation allowance to employees | - | - |  | 83 | 56
Sponsorship expenses | - | - |  | - | 3
Materials used | - | - |  | 1,180 | 902
Income from reversal of long-term provisions | (62) | (116) |  | (351) | (348)
Provisions for legal disputes | 496 | (434) |  | 541 | (394)
| 9,021 | 16,698 |  | 40,319 | 42,952

11. Income tax
Income tax is calculated in accordance with legal regulations on the tax base, which represents the difference between the realised income and expenditures in the accounting period for which the tax base is determined. The initial tax base was increased by tax non-deductible expenditure and decreased by income in accordance with the tax regulations in effect in the countries of Group members.

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | Restated 2022 |  | 2023 | Restated 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Net deferred tax expense (Note 19) | (9,726) | 851 |  | (9,676) | 1,695
Current tax expense | 18,000 | 7,572 |  | 20,398 | 9,567
Net income tax expense for the year | 8,274 | 8,423 |  | 10,722 | 11,262

The reconciliation between income tax and the profit before tax reported in the income statement is set out below:

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | Restated 2022 |  | 2023 | Restated 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Profit before tax | 55,155 | 54,048 |  | 69,174 | 69,539
Income tax at 18% | 9,928 | 9,729 |  | 12,451 | 12,517
Non-deductible expenses | 14,226 | 3,258 |  | 14,555 | 3,638
Income not subject to tax | (15,880) | (4,564) |  | (16,284) | (4,893)
Income tax | 8,274 | 8,423 |  | 10,722 | 11,262
Effective tax rate | 15.00% | 15.58% |  | 15.50% | 16.20%

As at 31 December 2023, the Company has no tax losses that can be carried forward for covering the Company's future profits. The remaining Group companies have EUR 3.6 million tax losses that can be carried forward to cover future profits.
In accordance with local regulations, the Tax Administration may at any time inspect the Company's books and records within 3 years following the year in which the tax liability is reported and may impose additional tax liabilities and penalties. The Company's Management Board is not aware of any circumstances, which may give rise to a potential material liability in this respect.
12. Earnings per share

| Group | Group
| 2023 | Restated 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Profit for the year attributable to the Parent company's shareholders | 58,380 | 50,199
Weighted average of ordinary shares | 420,947 | 420,947
| ════ | ════
Earnings per share attributable to the Parent company's shareholders |  |
Basic and diluted earnings per share in EUR | 138.69 | 138.26
| ════ | ════

For the purpose of calculating earnings per share, earnings are calculated as the profit for the period attributable to the Company’s shareholders. The number of ordinary shares is the weighted average number of ordinary shares in circulation during the year. The weighted average number of ordinary shares used for the calculation of basic earnings per share was 420,947 (2021: 420,947). In addition, since there is no effect of options, convertible bonds or similar effects, the weighted average number of ordinary shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share was the same as the one used to calculate basic earnings per share.
13. Intangible assets

Company |  |  |  | in EUR’000
| Other intangible assets | Software | Intangible assets in progress | Total
Cost |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2021 | 865 | 33,710 | 5,483 | 40,058
Additions | - | 20 | 5,810 | 5,830
Capitalized employee expenses | - | - | 1,037 | 1,037
Transfer from/to tangible assets | - | 178 | - | 178
Transfer into use | - | 3,845 | (3,845) | -
At 31 December 2022 | 865 | 37,753 | 8,485 | 47,103
Additions | - | 251 | 3,542 | 3,793
Capitalized employee expenses | - | - | 586 | 586
Transfer from/to tangible assets | - | (191) | - | (191)
Transfer into use | - | 6,880 | (6,880) | -
Disposals or retirements | - | (3) | - | (3)
At 31 December 2023 | 865 | 44,690 | 5,733 | 51,288
Accumulated amortisation |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2021 | 865 | 21,446 | - | 22,311
Amortisation charge for 2022 | - | 3,290 | - | 3,290
Impairment of value (note 10) | - | 1,296 | 4,785 | 6,081
Exchange rate fluctuations | - | - | 3 | 3
At 31 December 2022 | 865 | 26,032 | 4,788 | 31,685
Amortisation charge for 2023 | - | 3,850 | - | 3,850
Transfer from/to tangible assets | - | (11) | - | (11)
Disposals or retirements | - | (3) | - | (3)
At 31 December 2023 | 865 | 29,868 | 4,788 | 35,521
Net book amount |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2023 | - | 14,822 | 945 | 15,767
At 31 December 2022 | - | 11,721 | 3,697 | 15,418

The Company capitalized costs of net salaries in the amount of EUR 323 thousand (202 2: EUR 5 39 thousand), costs of contributions from salaries in the amount of EUR 93 thousand (202 2: EUR 151 thousand), costs of taxes and surcharges from salaries in the amount of EUR 71 thousand (202 2: EUR 91 thousand), costs of contributions to salaries in the amount of EUR 73 thousand (202 2: EUR 1 16 thousand) and other costs of employees in the amount of EUR 26 thousand (202 2: EUR 1 40 thousand).

Group |  |  | in EUR'000
| Other intangible assets | Software | Intangible assets in progress | Total
Cost |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2021 | 3,812 | 36,715 | 5,538 | 46,065
Additions | 122 | 187 | 6,761 | 7,070
Capitalized employee expenses | - | - | 1,037 | 1,037
Transfer from/to tangible assets | - | 191 | (13) | 178
Transfer into use | - | 3,863 | (3,863) | -
Disposals or retirements | - | (16) | - | (16)
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | - | 19 | - | 19
At 31 December 2022 | 3,934 | 40,959 | 9,460 | 54,353
Additions | - | 866 | 4,491 | 5,357
Capitalized employee expenses | - | - | 586 | 586
Transfer from/to tangible assets | 112 | (191) | (112) | (191)
Transfer into use | - | 6,909 | (6,909) | -
Disposals or retirements | - | (54) | - | (54)
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | - | 1 | - | 1
At 31 December 2023 | 4,046 | 48,490 | 7,516 | 60,052
Accumulated amortisation |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2021 | 2,860 | 24,048 | - | 26,908
Amortisation charge for 2022 | 116 | 3,468 | - | 3,584
Impairment of value (note 10) | - | 1,296 | 4,785 | 6,081
Disposals or retirements | - | (14) | - | (14)
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | - | 7 | 3 | 10
At 31 December 2022 | 2,976 | 28,805 | 4,788 | 36,569
Amortisation charge for 2023 | 117 | 4,039 | - | 4,156
Transfer from/to tangible assets | - | (11) | - | (11)
Disposals or retirements | - | (53) | - | (53)
At 31 December 2023 | 3,093 | 32,780 | 4,788 | 40,661
Net book amount |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2023 | 953 | 15,710 | 2,728 | 19,391
At 31 December 2022 | 958 | 12,154 | 4,672 | 17,784

The Group capitalized costs of net salaries in the amount of EUR 323 thousand (2022: EUR 539 thousand), costs of contributions from salaries in the amount of EUR 93 thousand (2022: EUR 151 thousand), costs of taxes and surcharges from salaries in the amount of EUR 71 thousand (2022: EUR 91 thousand), costs of contributions to salaries in the amount of EUR 73 thousand (2022: EUR 116 thousand) and other costs of employees in the amount of EUR 26 thousand (2022: EUR 140 thousand).
14. Property at revaluation model

i n EUR'000 | Company | Group
Cost | Land | Buildings | Assets under construction | Total | Land | Buildings | Assets under construction | Total
At 31 December 2021 | 3,358 | 40,199 | 944 | 44,501 | 7,447 | 72,046 | 998 | 80,491
Change in fair value (through OCI) | (27) | (129) | - | (156) | (61) | (20) | - | (81)
Change in fair value (P&L) (Note 10) | (7) | (192) | - | (199) | (7) | (167) | - | (174)
Additions | - | - | 836 | 836 | 51 | 21 | 947 | 1,019
Transfer from assets in preparation for use | - | 676 | (676) | - | - | 676 | (676) | -
Transfer from/to intangible assets (Note 13) | - | - | (178) | (178) | - | - | (178) | (178)
Transfer to investment property (Note 15) | - | - | (154) | (154) | 419 | 2,675 | (154) | 2,940
Disposals or retirements | (13) | (62) | - | (75) | (13) | (216) | - | (229)
Foreign exchange differences | - | - | - | - | 5 | 20 | - | 25
At 31 December 2022 | 3,311 | 40,492 | 772 | 44,575 | 7,841 | 75,035 | 937 | 83,813
Change in fair value (through OCI) | - | (137) | - | (137) | 32 | (31) | - | 1
Change in fair value (P&L) (Note 10) | - | (71) | - | (71) | - | (62) | - | (62)
Additions | - | - | 336 | 336 | - | 328 | 250 | 578
Transfer from assets in preparation for use | - | 978 | (978) | - | - | 979 | (979) | -
Transfer from investment property (Note 15) | 97 | 986 | - | 1,083 | 137 | 2,402 | - | 2,539
Disposals or retirements | (45) | (793) | - | (838) | (44) | (811) | - | (855)
Foreign exchange differences | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1
At 31 December 2023 | 3,363 | 41,455 | 130 | 44,948 | 7,966 | 77,841 | 208 | 86,015
Accumulated depreciation and impairment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2021 | - | 17,670 | - | 17,670 | - | 24,300 | - | 24,300
Depreciation charge for 2022 | - | 955 | - | 955 | - | 1,410 | - | 1,410
Depreciation on revaluation effect | - | 64 | - | 64 | - | 370 | - | 370
Change in fair value (P&L) | - | - | - | - | - | 99 | - | 99
Disposals or retirements | - | (43) | - | (43) | - | (56) | - | (56)
Foreign exchange differences | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | - | 9
At 31 December 2022 | - | 18,646 | - | 18,646 | - | 26,132 | - | 26,132
Depreciation charge for 2023 | - | 959 | - | 959 | - | 1,380 | - | 1,380
Depreciation on revaluation effect | - | 63 | - | 63 | - | 368 | - | 368
Disposals or retirements | - | (413) | - | (413) | - | (414) | - | (414)
Foreign exchange differences | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1
At 31 December 2023 | - | 19,255 | - | 19,255 | - | 27,467 | - | 27,467
Net book amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2023 | 3,363 | 22,200 | 130 | 25,693 | 7,966 | 50,374 | 208 | 58,548
At 31 December 2022 | 3,311 | 21,846 | 772 | 25,929 | 7,841 | 48,903 | 937 | 57,681

The carrying amount of land and buildings that would have been recognised had the assets been carried under the cost method would have amounted to EUR 21,517 thousand (31 December 2022: EUR 21,209 thousand) for the Company and EUR 32,561 thousand (31 December 2022: EUR 32,088 thousand) for the Group.
14.1. Property and equipment at cost model

Company |  |  |  |  |  | in EUR'000
Cost | Right- of-use assets - Buildings | Equipment and furniture | Other tangible assets | Assets under construction | Right- of-use assets - Other tangible assets | Total
At 31 December 2021 | 37,757 | 29,013 | 2,420 | 52 | 2,568 | 71,810
Additions | 1,202 | 21 | - | 1,566 | 239 | 3,028
Transfer from assets in preparation for use | - | 1,235 | 330 | (1,565) | - | -
Transfer from/to tangible assets (Note 14) | - | 13 | (13) | - | - | -
Transfer to investment property (Note 15) | - | 3 | - | - | - | 3
Disposals or retirements | (38) | (79) | (32) | - | - | (149)
At 31 December 2022 | 38,921 | 30,206 | 2,705 | 53 | 2,807 | 74,692
Additions | 996 | - | - | 1,447 | 430 | 2,873
Transfer from assets in preparation for use | - | 1,419 | 26 | (1,445) | - | -
Transfer from/to intangible assets (Note 13) | - | 191 | - | - | - | 191
Transfer from/to tangible assets (Note 14) | - | - | - | - | - | -
Disposals or retirements | (310) | (513) | 2 | - | (8) | (829)
At 31 December 2023 | 39,607 | 31,303 | 2,733 | 55 | 3,229 | 76,927
Accumulated depreciation and impairment |  |  |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2021 | 4,755 | 25,520 | 1,338 | - | 1,150 | 32,763
Depreciation charge for 2022 | 1,716 | 1,420 | 99 | - | 538 | 3,773
Transfer to investment property (Note 15) | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1
Disposals or retirements | - | (63) | (26) | - | - | (89)
At 31 December 2022 | 6,471 | 26,878 | 1,411 | - | 1,688 | 36,448
Depreciation charge for 2023 | 1,630 | 1,685 | 104 | - | 606 | 4,025
Transfer from/to tangible assets (Note 14) | - | 11 | - | - | - | 11
Transfer to investment property (Note 15) | - | (3) | - | - | - | (3)
Disposals or retirements | - | (508) | - | - | - | (508)
At 31 December 2023 | 8,101 | 28,063 | 1,515 | - | 2,294 | 39,973
Net book amount |  |  |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2023 | 31,506 | 3,240 | 1,218 | 55 | 935 | 36,954
At 31 December 2022 | 32,450 | 3,328 | 1,294 | 53 | 1,119 | 38,244

Group |  |  |  |  |  | in EUR'000
Cost | Right- of-use assets - Buildings | Equipment and furniture | Other tangible assets | Assets under construction | Right- of-use assets - Other tangible assets | Total
At 31 December 2021 | 45,481 | 46,694 | 7,396 | 67 | 2,854 | 102,492
Additions | 2,167 | 2,854 | 496 | 2,704 | 68 | 8,289
Transfer from assets in preparation for use | - | 1,389 | 330 | (1,719) | - | -
Transfer from/to tangible assets (Note 14) | - | 13 | (13) | - | - | -
Transfer to investment property (Note 15) | - | 3 | - | - | - | 3
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | 25 | 11 | 13 | - | 1 | 50
Disposals or retirements | (474) | (219) | (119) | - | (71) | (883)
At 31 December 2022 | 47,199 | 50,745 | 8,103 | 1,052 | 2,852 | 109,951
Additions | 8,410 | 896 | 2,008 | 6,317 | 357 | 17,988
Transfer from assets in preparation for use | - | 7,099 | 49 | (7,148) | - | -
Transfer from/to intangible assets (Note 13) | - | 191 | - | - | - | 191
Transfer from/to tangible assets (Note 14) | - | 53 | (53) | - | - | -
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | 4 | 1 | 1 | - | 65 | 71
Disposals or retirements | (1,857) | (1,031) | (211) | - | (16) | (3,115)
At 31 December 2023 | 53,756 | 57,954 | 9,897 | 221 | 3,258 | 125,086
Accumulated depreciation and impairment |  |  |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2021 | 7,072 | 36,849 | 5,393 | - | 1,211 | 50,525
Depreciation charge for 2022 | 2,881 | 3,209 | 409 | - | 456 | 6,955
Transfer to investment property (Note 15) | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | 21 | 6 | 10 | - | - | 37
Disposals or retirements | (287) | (53) | (142) | - | (71) | (553)
At 31 December 2022 | 9,687 | 40,012 | 5,670 | - | 1,596 | 56,965
Depreciation charge for 2023 | 3,047 | 3,961 | 653 | - | 470 | 8,131
Transfer from/to intangible assets (Note 13) | - | 11 | - | - | - | 11
Transfer to investment property (Note 14) | - | 6 | (9) | - | - | (3)
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 2
Disposals or retirements | (830) | (997) | (135) | - | - | (1,962)
At 31 December 2023 | 11,905 | 42,993 | 6,180 | - | 2,066 | 63,144
Net book amount |  |  |  |  |  |
At 31 December 2023 | 41,851 | 14,961 | 3,717 | 221 | 1,192 | 61,942
At 31 December 2022 | 37,512 | 10,733 | 2,433 | 1,052 | 1,256 | 52,986

15. Investment property

| Company |  | Group
| in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000
At 31 December 2021 | 69,561 |  | 142,272
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | - |  | 13
Transfer from/to property and equipment (Note 14) | 151 |  | (2,943)
Increase in fair value recognized in the income statement (Note 6.4) | 1,178 |  | 2,389
Decrease in fair value recognized in the income statement (Note 6.4) | (326) |  | (2,156)
Assets under construction | - |  | 52
Additions | 889 |  | 972
Disposals | (2,059) |  | (2,158)
At 31 December 2022 | 69,394 |  | 138,440
Transfer from/to property and equipment (Note 14) | (1,083) |  | (2,539)
Increase in fair value recognized in the income statement (Note 6.4) | 1,390 |  | 3,758
Decrease in fair value recognized in the income statement (Note 6.4) | (495) |  | (1,099)
Assets under construction | 1,079 |  | 1,079
Additions | 5 |  | 1,414
Disposals | (2,364) |  | (2,364)
At 31 December 2023 | 67,926 |  | 138,689

The Group measures investment property in accordance with IAS 40 - “Investment Property”, by applying the fair value model. Accordingly, the Group recognises profit or loss arising from changes in the fair value of investment property as profit or loss for the period in which it occurred, based on the valuation provided by independent appraisers.
16. Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Investments in subsidiaries | 77,946 | 75,446 |  | - | -
Impairment of investments in subsidiaries | (27,131) | (27,650) |  | - | -
| 50,815 | 47,796 |  | - | -
Investments in joint ventures | 3,716 | 3,716 |  | 9,334 | 8,957
Investments in associates | - | - |  | 789 | 702
Impairment of investments in associates | - | - |  | - | -
| 3,716 | 3,716 |  | 10,123 | 9,659
| 54,531 | 51,512 |  | 10,123 | 9,659

16.1. The Company’s investments in subsidiaries and associates and participation in joint ventures

|  |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
|  |  | Ownership | Amount of | Ownership | Amount of
| Activity | Country | percentage | investment | percentage | investment
|  |  | % | in EUR'000 | % | in EUR'000
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |
Croatia Premium d.o.o., Zagreb | Services | Croatia | 100.0 | 1,614 | 100.0 | 1,614
Core 1 d.o.o., Zagreb | Real estate | Croatia | 100.0 | 3 | 100.0 | 3
Auto Maksimir Vozila d.o.o., Zagreb | Insurance representation | Croatia | 100.0 | 33 | 100.0 | 33
Koreqt d.o.o. | Real estate | Croatia | 100.0 | 3 | 100.0 | 3
Strmec projekt d.o.o. | Real estate | Croatia | 100.0 | 1,508 | 100.0 | 1,508
CO Zdravlje d.o.o., Zagreb | Consulting and services | Croatia | 100.0 | 4,402 | 100.0 | 4,402
Astoria d.o.o. | Real estate | Croatia | 100.0 | 10,471 | 100.0 | 10,471
Milenijum osiguranje a.d., Belgrade | Insurance | Serbia | 100.0 | 9,991 | 100.0 | 9,493
Croatia osiguranje d.d., Ljubuški | Insurance | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 97.1 | 3,085 | 97.1 | 2,680
Croatia osiguranje - život a.d., Skopje | Insurance | Macedonia | 95.0 | 2,956 | 95.0 | 2,956
Croatia osiguranje - neživot a.d., Skopje | Insurance | Macedonia | 100.0 | 3,242 | 100.0 | 1,126
Croatia-Tehnički pregledi d.o.o., Zagreb | Motor vehicle services | Croatia | 100.0 | 9,525 | 100.0 | 9,525
Croatia osiguranje mirovinsko društvo d.o.o., Zagreb | Pension fund management | Croatia | 100.0 | 3,982 | 100.0 | 3,982
Razne usluge d.o.o. – currently being wound up, Zagreb | Services | Croatia | 100.0 | - | 100.0 | -
Joint ventures |  |  |  | 50,815 |  | 47,796
PBZ Croatia osiguranje d.d., Zagreb | Pension fund management | Croatia | 50 | 3,716 | 50 | 3,716
|  |  |  | 54,531 |  | 51,512

16.2. The Group’s investments in subsidiaries and associates and participation in joint ventures

Group |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
|  |  | Ownership | Amount of | Ownership | Amount of
| Activity | Country | percentage | investment | percentage | investment
|  |  | % | in EUR’000 | % | in EUR’000
Joint ventures |  |  |  |  |  |
PBZ Croatia osiguranje d.d., Zagreb | Pension fund management | Croatia | 50 | 9,049 | 50 | 8,682
Nacionalni biro za osiguranje Skopje | Insurance | Macedonia | - | 285 | - | 275
|  |  |  | 9,334 |  | 8,957
Associates |  |  |  |  |  |
STP Agroservis d.o.o., Virovitica | Technical testing and analysis | Croatia | 37 | 789 | 37 | 702
|  |  |  | 10,123 |  | 9,659

Summary financial information for joint ventures
The summary financial information for PBZ Croatia osiguranje d.d. is presented below. For the Group, the information was presented using the equity method.

Summary statement of financial position | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets | 17,579 | 16,352
Cash and cash equivalents | 558 | 946
Other assets | 1,412 | 1,219
Total assets | 19,549 | 18,517
Liabilities | 1,450 | 1,152
Capital and reserves | 18,099 | 17,365
Total equity and liabilities | 19,549 | 18,517
Summary statement of comprehensive income |  |
Income from mandatory pension funds management | 10,278 | 9,273
Expenses from mandatory pension funds management | (3,638) | (3,371)
Other income | 86 | 111
Other expenses | (2,965) | (2,704)
Financial income | 381 | 33
Financial expenses | (9) | (102)
Profit before tax | 4,133 | 3,240
Income tax | (745) | (585)
Profit for the year | 3,388 | 2,655
Share in profit of joint venture @ 50% | 1,694 | 1,328

Other expenses include depreciation in the amount of EUR 113 thousand (2022: EUR 95 thousand).
Reconciliation of the presented summary financial information with the carrying amount of shares in the joint venture.

Summary financial information | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Opening balance of net assets at 1 January | 17,364 | 17,497
Profit for the period | 3,388 | 2,655
Dividends | (2,653) | (2,787)
Closing balance of net assets | 18,099 | 17,365
Share in profit of joint venture @ 50% | 9,049 | 8,682
Carrying amount | 9,049 | 8,682

16.3. Movements in investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
At 1 January | 51,512 | 50,992 |  | 9,659 | 9,611
Increase in investments (purchase) (i) | 2,500 | 591 |  | - | -
Increase/decrease by using the equity method | - | - |  | 464 | 48
Reversal of impairment of investments (iii) | 519 | (71) |  | - | -
At 31 December | 54,531 | 51,512 |  | 10,123 | 9,659

/i/ The increase in investment in 2023 refers to the company Croatia osiguranje - neživot a.d., Skopje in the amount of EUR 2,500 thousand (2022: EUR 591 thousand).
/ii/ During 2023, a higher value was determined as a result of the fair value estimation and therefore the investments were increased, ie reversal of impairment of the shares in the following subsidiaries was made: Milenijum osiguranje a.d. in the amount of EUR 498 thousand and Croatia osiguranje d.d., Mostar in the amount of EUR 405 thousand. In addition, in 2023, based on the lower value determined by the fair value assessment, a reduction in the value of the investment in Croatia osiguranje - neživot a.d., Skopje was made for the amount of EUR 385 thousand.
In 2022, based on the higher value determined by the fair value assessment, an increase in the value of the investment was made, i.e. a return of the decrease in the share in the following subsidiaries: Milenijum osiguranje a.d. in the amount of EUR 619 thousand and Croatia osiguranje d.d., Mostar in the amount of EUR 22 thousand. In addition, in 2022, based on the lower value determined by the fair value assessment, a reduction in the value of the investment in Croatia osiguranje - neživot a.d., Skopje was made for the amount of EUR 712 thousand.
An impairment or impairment reversal is determined by calculating the recoverable amount of cash flows of an individual subsidiary. The subsidiaries were valued according to the discounted cash flow valuation (mostly dividend discount model and free cash flow to equity model) using the planned net income for the next 5 years (forecasted balance sheets and income statements), discount rates etc. The differences in the estimated fair value valuations for an individual subsidiary are due to the differences in future net income, assumptions of dividend distribution and/or other constituents of the discount rates (risk free rate, equity risk premium and beta) according to the Capital Asset Pricing model. The discount rates for the subsidiaries that were impaired or had a reversal of impairment (listed above) vary from 8.73% to 12.50% (2022: 10.53% -15.56%).
17. Insurance and reinsurance contracts
Overview of insurance and reinsurance contracts of the Company and the Group by business segment for the year is as follows:

Company | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2023 |  | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
| NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL |  | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
Insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance contract liabilities | 389,298 | 342,824 | 732,122 |  | 341,538 | 360,956 | 702,494
Insurance contract assets | (16,997) | - | (16,997) |  | (22,924) | - | (22,924)
Total for insurance contracts | 372,301 | 342,824 | 715,125 |  | 318,614 | 360,956 | 679,570
Reinsurance contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reinsurance contract assets | (49,917) | - | (49,917) |  | (41,196) | (9) | (41,205)
Reinsurance contract liabilities | 1,910 | - | 1,910 |  | 1,961 | - | 1,961
Total for reinsurance contracts | (48,007) | - | (48,007) |  | (39,235) | (9) | (39,244)

Group | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2023 |  | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
| NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL |  | NON-LIFE | LIFE | TOTAL
Insurance contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance contract liabilities | 459,521 | 402,465 | 861,986 |  | 403,351 | 420,314 | 823,665
Insurance contract assets | (16,997) | - | (16,997) |  | (22,924) | - | (22,924)
Total for insurance contracts | 442,524 | 402,465 | 844,989 |  | 380,427 | 420,314 | 800,741
Reinsurance contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reinsurance contract assets | (54,438) | - | (54,438) |  | (42,908) | (9) | (42,917)
Reinsurance contract liabilities | 4,021 | 4 | 4,025 |  | 2,134 | 24 | 2,158
Total for reinsurance contracts | (50,417) | 4 | (50,413) |  | (40,774) | 15 | (40,759)

17.1. Movements in insurance and reinsurance contract balances
The following reconciliations show how the net carrying amounts of insurance and reinsurance contracts in each segment changed during the year as a result of cash flows and amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss and OCI.
For each segment, the Group presents a table that separately analyses movements in the liabilities for remaining coverage and movements in the liabilities for incurred claims and reconciles these movements to the line items in the statement of profit or loss and OCI.
An additional reconciliation is presented for contracts not measured under the PAA, which separately analyses changes in the estimates of the present value of future cash flows, the risk adjustment for non-financial risk and the CSM
17.1.1. Life insurance contracts
Analysis by remaining coverage and incurred claims

Company | 31 Dec. 2023 |  | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Liabilities for remaining coverage | Liabilities for incurred claims | Total |  | Liabilities for remaining coverage | Liabilities for incurred claims | Total
| Excluding loss component | Loss component |  | Excluding loss component | Loss component
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Insurance contract liabilities | 344,264 | 1,862 | 14,830 | 360,956 |  | 415,323 | - | 14,145 | 429,468
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | 344,264 | 1,862 | 14,830 | 360,956 |  | 415,323 | - | 14,145 | 429,468
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts under the modified retrospective transition approach | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Contracts under the fair value transition approach | (5,290) | - | - | (5,290) |  | (4,988) | - | - | (4,988)
Other contracts | (1,153) | - | - | (1,153) |  | (500) | - | - | (500)
Total insurance revenue | (6,443) | - | - | (6,443) |  | (5,488) | - | - | (5,488)
Insurance service expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incurred claims and other insurance service expenses | 2,060 | - | 1,198 | 3,258 |  | 2,927 | - | 1,236 | 4,163
Provisions and other sale related insurance expenses | 305 | - | - | 305 |  | 170 | - | - | 170
Losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | - | (1,746) | - | (1,746) |  | - | 1,862 | - | 1,862
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | - | - | 749 | 749 |  | - | - | 197 | 197
Total insurance service expenses | 2,365 | (1,746) | 1,947 | 2,566 |  | 3,097 | 1,862 | 1,433 | 6,392
Investment components and premium refunds | (67,665) | - | 67,665 | - |  | (54,903) | - | 54,903 | -
Insurance service result | (71,743) | (1,746) | 69,612 | (3,877) |  | (57,294) | 1,862 | 56,336 | 904
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | 27,676 | (9) | 331 | 27,998 |  | (50,553) | - | (806) | (51,359)
Effect of movements in exchange rates | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (44,067) | (1,755) | 69,943 | 24,121 |  | (107,847) | 1,862 | 55,530 | (50,455)
Cash flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums received | 31,431 | - | - | 31,431 |  | 40,968 | - | - | 40,968
Claims and other insurance service expenses paid, including investment components | - | - | (70,630) | (70,630) |  | - | - | (54,845) | (54,845)
Administrative expenses paid | (2,060) |  |  | (2,060) |  | (2,927) | - | - | (2,927)
Insurance acquisition cash flows | (994) | - | - | (994) |  | (1,253) | - | - | (1,253)
Total cash flows | 28,377 | - | (70,630) | (42,253) |  | 36,788 | - | (54,845) | (18,057)
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 328,574 | 107 | 14,143 | 342,824 |  | 344,264 | 1,862 | 14,830 | 360,956
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31December | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31December | 328,574 | 107 | 14,143 | 342,824 |  | 344,264 | 1,862 | 14,830 | 360,956
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 328,574 | 107 | 14,143 | 342,824 |  | 344,264 | 1,862 | 14,830 | 360,956

Group | 31 Dec. 2023 |  | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Liabilities for remaining coverage | Liabilities for incurred claims | Total |  | Liabilities for remaining coverage | Liabilities for incurred claims | Total
| Excluding loss component | Loss component |  | Excluding loss component | Loss component
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Insurance contract liabilities | 401,810 | 2,270 | 16,234 | 420,314 |  | 486,036 | - | 15,743 | 501,779
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | 401,810 | 2,270 | 16,234 | 420,314 |  | 486,036 | - | 15,743 | 501,779
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts under the modified retrospective transition approach | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Contracts under the fair value transition approach | (8,149) | - | - | (8,149) |  | (8,907) | - | - | (8,907)
Other contracts | (4,095) | - | - | (4,095) |  | (1,611) | - | - | (1,611)
Total insurance revenue | (12,244) | - | - | (12,244) |  | (10,518) | - | - | (10,518)
Insurance service expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incurred claims and other insurance service expenses | 3,288 | - | 2,027 | 5,315 |  | 3,926 | - | 2,205 | 6,131
Provisions and other sale related insurance expenses | 1,676 | - | - | 1,676 |  | 718 | - | - | 718
Losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | 152 | (2,009) | - | (1,857) |  | (7) | 2,333 | - | 2,326
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | - | 33 | 1,028 | 1,061 |  | - | - | 398 | 398
Total insurance service expenses | 5,116 | (1,976) | 3,055 | 6,195 |  | 4,637 | 2,333 | 2,603 | 9,573
Investment components and premium refunds | (75,021) | - | 75,021 | - |  | (61,509) | 4 | 61,505 | -
Insurance service result | (82,149) | (1,976) | 78,076 | (6,049) |  | (67,390) | 2,337 | 64,108 | (945)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | 28,326 | 71 | 337 | 28,734 |  | (64,184) | (68) | (826) | (65,078)
Effect of movements in exchange rates | (5) | - | - | (5) |  | 263 | 1 | 6 | 270
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (53,828) | (1,905) | 78,413 | 22,680 |  | (131,311) | 2,270 | 63,288 | (65,753)
Cash flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums received | 45,646 | - | - | 45,646 |  | 54,512 | - | - | 54,512
Claims and other insurance service expenses paid, including investment components | - | - | (79,165) | (79,165) |  | - | - | (62,797) | (62,797)
Administrative expenses paid | (3,281) | - | - | (3,281) |  | (3,926) | - | - | (3,926)
Insurance acquisition cash flows | (3,729) | - | - | (3,729) |  | (3,501) | - | - | (3,501)
Total cash flows | 38,636 | - | (79,165) | (40,529) |  | 47,085 | - | (62,797) | (15,712)
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 386,618 | 365 | 15,482 | 402,465 |  | 401,810 | 2,270 | 16,234 | 420,314
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31December | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31December | 386,618 | 365 | 15,482 | 402,465 |  | 401,810 | 2,270 | 16,234 | 420,314
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 386,618 | 365 | 15,482 | 402,465 |  | 401,810 | 2,270 | 16,234 | 420,314

Analysis by measurement component

Company |  |  | Contractual service margin (CSM) | 31 Dec. 2023
| Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for nonfinancial risk | Contracts under modified retrospective transition approach | Contracts under fair value transition approach | Other contracts | Total CSM | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Insurance contract liabilities | 355,581 | 3,156 | - | 1,158 | 1,060 | 2,218 | 360,955
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | 355,581 | 3,156 | - | 1,158 | 1,060 | 2,218 | 360,955
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes that relate to current services
CSM recognised for services provided | - | - | - | (517) | (698) | (1,215) | (1,215)
Change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk for risk expired | - | (357) | - | - | - | - | (357)
Experience adjustments | (1,308) | - | - | - | - | - | (1,308)
Changes that relate to future services
Contracts initially recognised in the year | (951) | 170 | - | - | 780 | 780 | (1)
Changes in estimates that adjust the CSM | (2,499) | (110) | - | 778 | 1,831 | 2,609 | -
Changes in estimates that result in losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | (10,773) | (987) | - | 2,045 | 7,970 | 10,015 | (1,745)
Changes that relate to past services
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | 827 | (78) | - | - | - | - | 749
Insurance service result | (14,704) | (1,362) | - | 2,306 | 9,883 | 12,189 | (3,877)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | 27,258 | 426 | - | 266 | 49 | 315 | 27,999
Effect of movements in exchange rates | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | 12,554 | (936) | - | 2,572 | 9,932 | 12,504 | 24,122
Cash flows | (42,253) | - | - | - | - | - | (42,253)
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 325,882 | 2,220 | - | 3,730 | 10,992 | 14,722 | 342,824
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31December | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31December | 325,882 | 2,220 | - | 3,730 | 10,992 | 14,722 | 342,824
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 325,882 | 2,220 | - | 3,730 | 10,992 | 14,722 | 342,824
Company |  |  | Contractual service margin (CSM) | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for nonfinancial risk | Contracts under modified retrospective transition approach | Contracts under fair value transition approach | Other contracts | Total CSM | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Insurance contract liabilities | 416,272 | 3,530 | - | 9,665 | - | 9,665 | 429,467
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | 416,272 | 3,530 | - | 9,665 | - | 9,665 | 429,467
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes that relate to current services
CSM recognised for services provided | - | - | - | (525) | (168) | (693) | (693)
Change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk for risk expired | - | (435) | - | - | - | - | (435)
Experience adjustments | (26) | - | - | - | - | - | (26)
Changes that relate to future services
Contracts initially recognised in the year | (1,905) | 198 | - | - | 1,707 | 1,707 | -
Changes in estimates that adjust the CSM | 7,115 | 148 | - | (6,767) | (496) | (7,263) | -
Changes in estimates that result in losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | 1,443 | 419 | - | - | - | - | 1,862
Changes that relate to past services
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | 278 | (81) | - | - | - | - | 197
Insurance service result | 6,905 | 249 | - | (7,292) | 1,043 | (6,249) | 905
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | (49,538) | (623) | - | (1,214) | 17 | (1,197) | (51,358)
Effect of movements in exchange rates | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (42,633) | (374) | - | (8,506) | 1,060 | (7,446) | (50,453)
Cash flows | (18,058) | - | - | - | - | - | (18,058)
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 355,581 | 3,156 | - | 1,159 | 1,060 | 2,219 | 360,956
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31December | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31December | 355,581 | 3,156 | - | 1,159 | 1,060 | 2,219 | 360,956
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 355,581 | 3,156 | - | 1,159 | 1,060 | 2,219 | 360,956

Group |  |  | Contractual service margin (CSM) | 31 Dec. 2023
| Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for nonfinancial risk | Contracts under modified retrospective transition approach | Contracts under fair value transition approach | Other contracts | Total CSM | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Insurance contract liabilities | 409,577 | 4,725 | - | 4,762 | 1,250 | 6,012 | 420,314
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | 409,577 | 4,725 | - | 4,762 | 1,250 | 6,012 | 420,314
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes that relate to current services
CSM recognised for services provided | - | - | - | (1,133) | (896) | (2,029) | (2,029)
Change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk for risk expired | - | (655) | - | - | - | - | (655)
Experience adjustments | (2,570) | - | - | - | - | - | (2,570)
Changes that relate to future services
Contracts initially recognised in the year | (432) | 499 | - | - | 1,069 | 1,069 | 1,136
Changes in estimates that adjust the CSM | (2,196) | (354) | - | 753 | 1,797 | 2,550 | -
Changes in estimates that result in losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | (12,116) | (1,045) | - | 2,045 | 8,123 | 10,168 | (2,993)
Changes that relate to past services
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | 1,149 | (88) | - | - | - | - | 1,061
Insurance service result | (16,165) | (1,643) | - | 1,665 | 10,093 | 11,758 | (6,050)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | 27,439 | 471 | - | 631 | 193 | 824 | 28,734
Effect of movements in exchange rates | (3) | (1) | - | (1) | - | (1) | (5)
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | 11,271 | (1,173) | - | 2,295 | 10,286 | 12,581 | 22,679
Cash flows | (40,528) | - | - | - | - | - | (40,528)
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 380,320 | 3,552 | - | 7,057 | 11,536 | 18,593 | 402,465
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31December | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31December | 380,320 | 3,552 | - | 7,057 | 11,536 | 18,593 | 402,465
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 380,320 | 3,552 | - | 7,057 | 11,536 | 18,593 | 402,465

Group |  |  | Contractual service margin (CSM) | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for nonfinancial risk | Contracts under modified retrospective transition approach | Contracts under fair value transition approach | Other contracts | Total CSM | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Insurance contract liabilities | 484,076 | 5,001 | - | 12,701 | - | 12,701 | 501,778
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | 484,076 | 5,001 | - | 12,701 | - | 12,701 | 501,778
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes that relate to current services
CSM recognised for services provided | - | - | - | (1,097) | (239) | (1,336) | (1,336)
Change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk for risk expired | - | (750) | - | - | - | - | (750)
Experience adjustments | (1,584) | - | - | - | - | - | (1,584)
Changes that relate to future services
Contracts initially recognised in the year | (1,323) | 533 | - | - | 1,816 | 1,816 | 1,026
Changes in estimates that adjust the CSM | 5,391 | 520 | - | (5,394) | (517) | (5,911) | -
Changes in estimates that result in losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | 751 | 323 | - | - | 227 | 227 | 1,301
Changes that relate to past services
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | 483 | (85) | - | - | - | - | 398
Insurance service result | 3,718 | 541 | - | (6,491) | 1,287 | (5,204) | (945)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | (62,755) | (824) | - | (1,461) | (37) | (1,498) | (65,077)
Effect of movements in exchange rates | 249 | 7 | - | 13 | - | 13 | 269
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (58,788) | (276) | - | (7,939) | 1,250 | (6,689) | (65,753)
Cash flows | (15,711) | - | - | - | - | - | (15,711)
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 409,577 | 4,725 | - | 4,762 | 1,250 | 6,012 | 420,314
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31December | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31December | 409,577 | 4,725 | - | 4,762 | 1,250 | 6,012 | 420,314
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 409,577 | 4,725 | - | 4,762 | 1,250 | 6,012 | 420,314

17.1.2. Non-life insurance contracts
Analysis by remaining coverage and incurred claims

Company | 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Liabilities for remaining coverage | Liabilities for incurred claims | Liabilities for remaining coverage | Liabilities for incurred claims
|  |  |  | Contracts under PAA |  |  |  |  | Contracts under PAA |
| Excluding loss component | Loss component | Contracts not under PAA | Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | Total | Excluding loss component | Loss component | Contracts not under PAA | Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | (12,379) | 936 | (16,433) | 4,656 | 296 | (22,924) | (1,682) | 1,114 | (19,579) | 411 | 18 | (19,718)
Insurance contract liabilities | 80,486 | 1,323 | 470 | 243,370 | 15,889 | 341,538 | 73,234 | 1,208 | 680 | 279,683 | 18,477 | 373,282
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | 68,107 | 2,259 | (15,963) | 248,026 | 16,185 | 318,614 | 71,552 | 2,322 | (18,899) | 280,094 | 18,495 | 353,564
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance service income | (388,942) | - | - | - | - | (388,942) | (351,741) | - | - | - | - | (351,741)
Insurance service expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incurred claims and other insurance service expenses | 58,223 | - | 665 | 251,119 | 4,733 | 314,740 | 54,549 | - | 694 | 192,801 | 3,525 | 251,569
Provisions and other sale related insurance expenses | 78,117 | - | - | - | - | 78,117 | 75,830 | - | - | - | - | 75,830
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | - | - | (5,254) | (10,015) | (3,820) | (19,089) | - | - | (5,809) | 1,035 | (3,437) | (8,211)
Losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | - | (402) | - | - | - | (402) | - | (72) | - | - | - | (72)
Total insurance service expenses | 136,340 | (402) | (4,589) | 241,104 | 913 | 373,366 | 130,379 | (72) | (5,115) | 193,836 | 88 | 319,116
Insurance service result | (252,602) | (402) | (4,589) | 241,104 | 913 | (15,576) | (221,362) | (72) | (5,115) | 193,836 | 88 | (32,625)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | 426 | 35 | (997) | 23,640 | 1,557 | 24,661 | (770) | 9 | 1,724 | (34,707) | (2,398) | (36,142)
Effect of movements in exchange rates | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (252,176) | (367) | (5,586) | 264,744 | 2,470 | 9,085 | (222,132) | (63) | (3,391) | 159,129 | (2,310) | (68,767)

Cash flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums received | 414,625 | - | - | - | - | 414,625 | 349,165 | - | - | - | - | 349,165
Claims and other insurance service expenses paid | - | - | 7,108 | (238,200) | - | (231,092) | - | - | 6,327 | (191,197) | - | (184,870)
Insurance acquisition cash flows | (80,708) | - | - | - | - | (80,708) | (75,931) | - | - | - | - | (75,931)
Administrative expenses paid | (58,223) | - | - | - | - | (58,223) | (54,548) | - | - | - | - | (54,548)
Total cash flows | 275,694 | - | 7,108 | (238,200) | - | 44,602 | 218,686 | - | 6,327 | (191,197) | - | 33,816
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Contracts derecognised on disposal/loss of control of subsidiary | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 91,625 | 1,892 | (14,441) | 274,570 | 18,655 | 372,301 | 68,106 | 2,259 | (15,963) | 248,026 | 16,185 | 318,613
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31December | (5,329) | 757 | (14,789) | 2,272 | 92 | (16,997) | (12,379) | 936 | (16,433) | 4,656 | 296 | (22,924)
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31December | 96,954 | 1,135 | 348 | 272,298 | 18,563 | 389,298 | 80,485 | 1,323 | 470 | 243,370 | 15,889 | 341,538
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 91,625 | 1,892 | (14,441) | 274,570 | 18,655 | 372,301 | 68,106 | 2,259 | (15,963) | 248,026 | 16,185 | 318,613

Group | 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Liabilities for remaining coverage | Liabilities for incurred claims | Liabilities for remaining coverage | Liabilities for incurred claims
|  |  |  | Contracts under PAA |  |  |  |  | Contracts under PAA |
| Excluding loss component | Loss component | Contracts not under PAA | Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | Total | Excluding loss component | Loss component | Contracts not under PAA | Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | (12,379) | 936 | (16,433) | 4,656 | 296 | (22,924) | (1,682) | 1,114 | (19,579) | 411 | 18 | (19,718)
Insurance contract liabilities | 111,396 | 2,014 | 856 | 271,766 | 17,319 | 403,351 | 104,764 | 1,242 | 1,268 | 308,730 | 20,050 | 436,054
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | 99,017 | 2,950 | (15,577) | 276,422 | 17,615 | 380,427 | 103,082 | 2,356 | (18,311) | 309,141 | 20,068 | 416,336
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance revenue | (464,151) | - | - | - | - | (464,151) | (418,064) | - | - | - | - | (418,064)
Insurance service expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incurred claims and other insurance service expenses | 69,778 | - | 1,445 | 290,230 | 5,587 | 367,040 | 65,361 | - | 1,716 | 222,957 | 4,158 | 294,192
Provisions and other sale related insurance expenses | 92,686 | - | - | - | - | 92,686 | 88,798 | - | - | - | - | 88,798
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | - | - | (5,292) | (13,119) | (4,556) | (22,967) | - | - | (6,006) | (535) | (4,126) | (10,667)
Losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | - | (352) | - | - | - | (352) | - | 594 | - | - | - | 594
Total insurance service expenses | 162,464 | (352) | (3,847) | 277,111 | 1,031 | 436,407 | 154,159 | 594 | (4,290) | 222,422 | 32 | 372,917
Insurance service result | (301,687) | (352) | (3,847) | 277,111 | 1,031 | (27,744) | (263,905) | 594 | (4,290) | 222,422 | 32 | (45,147)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | 679 | 32 | (993) | 26,073 | 1,679 | 27,470 | (1,232) | (1) | 1,718 | (36,219) | (2,492) | (38,226)
Effect of movements in exchange rates | 20 | 1 | - | 20 | 1 | 42 | 110 | 1 | 1 | 123 | 7 | 242
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (300,988) | (319) | (4,840) | 303,204 | 2,711 | (232) | (265,027) | 594 | (2,571) | 186,326 | (2,453) | (83,131)
Cash flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums received | 492,782 | - | - | - | - | 492,782 | 416,604 | - | - | - | - | 416,604
Claims and other insurance service expenses paid | - | - | 6,267 | (270,417) | 28 | (264,122) | - | - | 5,305 | (219,045) | - | (213,740)
Insurance acquisition cash flows | (96,553) | - | - | - | - | (96,553) | (90,280) | - | - | - | - | (90,280)
Administrative expenses paid | (69,778) | - | - | - | - | (69,778) | (65,362) | - | - | - | - | (65,362)
Total cash flows | 326,451 | - | 6,267 | (270,417) | 28 | 62,329 | 260,962 | - | 5,305 | (219,045) | - | 47,222
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Contracts derecognised on disposal/loss of control of subsidiary | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 124,480 | 2,631 | (14,150) | 309,209 | 20,354 | 442,524 | 99,017 | 2,950 | (15,577) | 276,422 | 17,615 | 380,427
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31 December | (5,328) | 756 | (14,790) | 2,273 | 92 | (16,997) | (12,379) | 936 | (16,433) | 4,656 | 296 | (22,924)
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31 December | 129,808 | 1,875 | 640 | 306,936 | 20,262 | 459,521 | 111,396 | 2,014 | 856 | 271,766 | 17,319 | 403,351
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | 124,480 | 2,631 | (14,150) | 309,209 | 20,354 | 442,524 | 99,017 | 2,950 | (15,577) | 276,422 | 17,615 | 380,427

Analysis by measurement component – Contracts not measured under the PAA

Company | 31 Dec. 2023 |  | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | Contractual service margin (CSM) | Total |  | Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | Contractual service margin (CSM) | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | (22,290) | 7,611 | - | (14,679) |  | (25,944) | 8,915 | - | (17,029)
Insurance contract liabilities | 8,122 | 190 | 1,411 | 9,723 |  | 10,713 | 298 | 1,184 | 12,195
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | (14,168) | 7,801 | 1,411 | (4,956) |  | (15,231) | 9,213 | 1,184 | (4,834)
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes that relate to current services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CSM recognised for services provided | - | - | (1,106) | (1,106) |  | - | - | (509) | (509)
Change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk for risk expired | - | (114) | - | (114) |  | - | (189) | - | (189)
Experience adjustments | (113) | - | - | (113) |  | (105) | - | - | (105)
Changes that relate to future services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts initially recognised in the year | (703) | 18 | 684 | (1) |  | (361) | 22 | 339 | -
Changes in estimates that adjust the CSM | (2,014) | (32) | 2,008 | (38) |  | (366) | (31) | 396 | (1)
Changes in estimates that result in losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | (89) | (69) | - | (158) |  | (82) | (19) | - | (101)
Changes that relate to past services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | (4,627) | (627) | - | (5,254) |  | (5,557) | (253) | - | (5,810)
Total insurance service expenses | (7,546) | (824) | 1,586 | (6,784) |  | (6,471) | (470) | 226 | (6,715)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | (1,137) | 556 | 31 | (550) |  | 1,926 | (942) | 1 | 985
Effect of movements in exchange rates | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (8,683) | (268) | 1,617 | (7,334) |  | (4,545) | (1,412) | 227 | (5,730)
Cash flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums received | 2,013 | - | - | 2,013 |  | 2,010 | - | - | 2,010
Claims and other insurance service expenses paid | 7,108 | - | - | 7,108 |  | 6,328 | - | - | 6,328
Insurance acquisition cash flows | (711) | - | - | (711) |  | (1,048) | - | - | (1,048)
Administrative expenses paid | (1,035) | - | - | (1,035) |  | (1,682) | - | - | (1,682)
Total cash flows | 7,375 | - | - | 7,375 |  | 5,608 | - | - | 5,608
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | (15,476) | 7,533 | 3,028 | (4,915) |  | (14,168) | 7,801 | 1,411 | (4,956)
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31 December | (20,724) | 7,412 | - | (13,312) |  | (22,290) | 7,611 | - | (14,679)
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31 December | 5,248 | 121 | 3,028 | 8,397 |  | 8,122 | 190 | 1,411 | 9,723
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | (15,476) | 7,533 | 3,028 | (4,915) |  | (14,168) | 7,801 | 1,411 | (4,956)
Group | 31 Dec. 2023 |  | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | Contractual service margin (CSM) | Total |  | Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | Contractual service margin (CSM) | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance contract assets | (22,290) | 7,611 | - | (14,679) |  | (25,944) | 8,915 | - | (17,029)
Insurance contract liabilities | 13,269 | 501 | 4,605 | 18,375 |  | 16,866 | 747 | 5,499 | 23,112
Net insurance contracts as at 1 January | (9,021) | 8,112 | 4,605 | 3,696 |  | (9,078) | 9,662 | 5,499 | 6,083
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes that relate to current services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CSM recognised for services provided | - | - | (2,190) | (2,190) |  | - | - | (1,644) | (1,644)
Change in risk adjustment for non-financial risk for risk expired | - | (182) | - | (182) |  | - | (266) | - | (266)
Experience adjustments | 31 | - | - | 31 |  | 105 | - | - | 105
Changes that relate to future services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts initially recognised in the year | (828) | 35 | 793 | - |  | (695) | 96 | 601 | 2
Changes in estimates that adjust the CSM | (2,118) | (202) | 2,282 | (38) |  | (53) | (100) | 153 | -
Changes in estimates that result in losses and reversals of losses on onerous contracts | (89) | (69) | - | (158) |  | (81) | (19) | 6 | (94)
Changes that relate to past services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustments to liabilities for incurred claims | (4,632) | (659) | - | (5,291) |  | (5,711) | (295) | - | (6,006)
Total insurance service expenses | (7,636) | (1,077) | 885 | (7,828) |  | (6,435) | (584) | (884) | (7,903)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | (841) | 579 | 35 | (227) |  | 1,524 | (967) | (20) | 537
Effect of movements in exchange rates | - | - | - | - |  | 14 | 1 | 10 | 25
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (8,477) | (498) | 920 | (8,055) |  | (4,897) | (1,550) | (894) | (7,341)
Cash flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums received | 2,943 | - | - | 2,943 |  | 3,709 | - | - | 3,709
Claims and other insurance service expenses paid | 6,241 | - | - | 6,241 |  | 5,305 | - | - | 5,305
Insurance acquisition cash flows | (1,490) | - | - | (1,490) |  | (1,855) | - | - | (1,855)
Administrative expenses paid | (1,642) | - | - | (1,642) |  | (2,205) | - | - | (2,205)
Total cash flows | 6,052 | - | - | 6,052 |  | 4,954 | - | - | 4,954
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | (11,446) | 7,614 | 5,525 | 1,693 |  | (9,021) | 8,112 | 4,605 | 3,696
Assets from insurance contracts as at 31 December | (20,724) | 7,412 | - | (13,312) |  | (22,290) | 7,611 | - | (14,679)
Liabilities from insurance contracts as at 31 December | 9,278 | 202 | 5,525 | 15,005 |  | 13,269 | 501 | 4,605 | 18,375
Net insurance contracts as at 31 December | (11,446) | 7,614 | 5,525 | 1,693 |  | (9,021) | 8,112 | 4,605 | 3,696

Analysis by remaining coverage and incurred claims – reinsurance

Company | 31 Dec. 2023 |  | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Assets for remaining coverage | Assets for incurred claims | Total |  | Assets for remaining coverage | Assets for incurred claims | Total
| Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk |  | Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Reinsurance contract assets | 3,681 | 35,590 | 1,925 | 41,196 |  | 1,232 | 31,707 | 1,662 | 34,601
Reinsurance contract liabilities | (2,051) | 83 | 7 | (1,961) |  | (4,508) | 1,742 | 71 | (2,695)
Net reinsurance contracts as at 1 January | 1,630 | 35,673 | 1,932 | 39,235 |  | (3,276) | 33,449 | 1,733 | 31,906
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allocation of reinsurance premiums paid | (48,047) | - | - | (48,047) |  | (43,775) | - | - | (43,775)
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recoveries of incurred claims and other insurance service expenses | 7,178 | 32,767 | 426 | 40,371 |  | 6,975 | 25,143 | 350 | 32,468
Adjustments to assets for incurred claims | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Total amounts recoverable from reinsurers | 7,178 | 32,767 | 426 | 40,371 |  | 6,975 | 25,143 | 350 | 32,468
Effect of changes in non-performance risk of reinsurers | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Total reinsurance service expenses | (40,869) | 32,767 | 426 | (7,676) |  | (36,800) | 25,143 | 350 | (11,307)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | 61 | 1,669 | 95 | 1,825 |  | 35 | (2,539) | (150) | (2,654)
Effect of movements in exchange rates | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (40,808) | 34,436 | 521 | (5,851) |  | (36,765) | 22,604 | 200 | (13,961)
Cash flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums paid | 47,383 | - | - | 47,383 |  | 51,719 | - | - | 51,719
Amounts received | (7,052) | (25,708) | - | (32,760) |  | (10,049) | (20,380) | - | (30,429)
Total cash flows | 40,331 | (25,708) | - | 14,623 |  | 41,670 | (20,380) | - | 21,290
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Net reinsurance contracts as at 31 December | 1,153 | 44,401 | 2,453 | 48,007 |  | 1,629 | 35,673 | 1,933 | 39,235
Assets from reinsurance contracts as at 31 December | 3,430 | 44,052 | 2,435 | 49,917 |  | 3,680 | 35,590 | 1,926 | 41,196
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts as at 31 December | (2,277) | 349 | 18 | (1,910) |  | (2,051) | 83 | 7 | (1,961)
Net reinsurance contracts as at 1 January | 1,153 | 44,401 | 2,453 | 48,007 |  | 1,629 | 35,673 | 1,933 | 39,235

Group | 31 Dec. 2023 |  | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| Assets for remaining coverage | Assets for incurred claims | Total |  | Assets for remaining coverage | Assets for incurred claims | Total
| Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk |  | Estimates of present value of future cash flows | Risk adjustment for non-financial risk
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Reinsurance contract assets | 4,166 | 36,740 | 2,002 | 42,908 |  | 1,632 | 33,098 | 1,745 | 36,475
Reinsurance contract liabilities | (2,246) | 105 | 7 | (2,134) |  | (5,139) | 1,792 | 72 | (3,275)
Net reinsurance contracts as at 1 January | 1,920 | 36,845 | 2,009 | 40,774 |  | (3,507) | 34,890 | 1,817 | 33,200
Changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allocation of reinsurance premiums paid | (61,679) | - | - | (61,679) |  | (47,834) | - | - | (47,834)
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recoveries of incurred claims and other insurance service expenses | 11,040 | 41,539 | 605 | 53,184 |  | 7,211 | 26,877 | 356 | 34,444
Adjustments to assets for incurred claims | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Total amounts recoverable from reinsurers | 11,040 | 41,539 | 605 | 53,184 |  | 7,211 | 26,877 | 356 | 34,444
Effect of changes in non-performance risk of reinsurers | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Total reinsurance service expenses | (50,639) | 41,539 | 605 | (8,495) |  | (40,623) | 26,877 | 356 | (13,390)
Net finance income/expenses from insurance contracts | 68 | 1,946 | 109 | 2,123 |  | 26 | (2,743) | (165) | (2,882)
Effect of movements in exchange rates | (3) | 2 | - | (1) |  | (1) | 13 | 1 | 13
Total changes in the statement of profit or loss and OCI | (50,574) | 43,487 | 714 | (6,373) |  | (40,598) | 24,147 | 192 | (16,259)
Cash flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums paid | 56,659 | - | - | 56,659 |  | 56,357 | - | - | 56,357
Amounts received | (10,409) | (30,234) | - | (40,643) |  | (10,332) | (22,192) | - | (32,524)
Total cash flows | 46,250 | (30,234) | - | 16,016 |  | 46,025 | (22,192) | - | 23,833
Transfer to other items in the statement of financial position | - | - | - | - |  | - | - | - | -
Net reinsurance contracts as at 31 December | (2,404) | 50,098 | 2,723 | 50,417 |  | 1,920 | 36,845 | 2,009 | 40,774
Assets from reinsurance contracts as at 31 December | 3,971 | 47,887 | 2,580 | 54,438 |  | 4,166 | 36,740 | 2,002 | 42,908
Liabilities from reinsurance contracts as at 31 December | (6,375) | 2,211 | 143 | (4,021) |  | (2,246) | 105 | 7 | (2,134)
Net reinsurance contracts as at 1 January | (2,404) | 50,098 | 2,723 | 50,417 |  | 1,920 | 36,845 | 2,009 | 40,774

17.2. Effects of insurance and reinsurance contracts initially recognized in the year
The following tables summarise the effect on the measurement components arising from the initial recognition of insurance and reinsurance contracts not measured under the PAA in the year.
Life insurance contracts

| Company | Company | Company | Group | Group | Group
| Profitable contracts issued | Onerous contract issued | Total | Profitable contracts issued | Onerous contract issued | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Claims and other insurance costs paid | (13,098) | - | (13,098) | (17,870) | (6,732) | (24,602)
Cash flows from the acquisition of insurance | (929) | - | (929) | (3,434) | (508) | (3,942)
Estimates of present value of cash outflows | (14,027) | - | (14,027) | (21,304) | (7,240) | (28,544)
Estimates of present value of cash inflows | 14,977 | - | 14,977 | 22,771 | 6,205 | 28,976
Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | (170) | - | (170) | (398) | (100) | (498)
Contractual service margin | (780) | - | (780) | (1,069) | - | (1,069)
Losses recognised on initial recognition | - | - | - | - | (1,135) | (1,135)
Restated 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Claims and other insurance costs paid | (19,812) | - | (19,812) | (20,994) | (9,253) | (30,247)
Cash flows from the acquisition of insurance | (971) | - | (971) | (1,154) | (2,476) | (3,630)
Estimates of present value of cash outflows | (20,783) | - | (20,783) | (22,148) | (11,729) | (33,877)
Estimates of present value of cash inflows | 22,688 | - | 22,688 | 24,193 | 11,007 | 35,200
Risk adjustment for non-financial risk | (198) | - | (198) | (229) | (303) | (532)
Contractual service margin | (1,707) | - | (1,707) | (1,816) | - | (1,816)
Losses recognised on initial recognition | - | - | - | - | (1,025) | (1,025)

17.3. Contractual service margin (CSM)
The following table sets out when the Group expects to recognise the remaining CSM in profit or loss after the reporting date for contracts not measured under the PAA.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Company
| 0-1 year | 1-2 years | 2-3 years | 3-4 year | 4-5 year | 5-10 year | More than 10 years | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
31 Dec. 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Life insurance | 3,233 | 2,105 | 1,530 | 1,562 | 1,192 | 1,997 | 3,103 | 14,722
Nin-life insurance | 798 | 622 | 526 | 424 | 239 | 383 | 36 | 3,028
Reinsurance | 23 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 4 | - | - | 69
| 4,054 | 2,744 | 2,070 | 1,997 | 1,435 | 2,380 | 3,139 | 17,819
Restated 31 Dec. 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Life insurance | 354 | 536 | 272 | 194 | 194 | 313 | 356 | 2,219
Nin-life insurance | 377 | 279 | 225 | 188 | 146 | 182 | 14 | 1,411
Reinsurance | 38 | 27 | 22 | 19 | 15 | 5 | - | 126
| 769 | 842 | 519 | 401 | 355 | 500 | 370 | 3,756

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Group
| 0-1 year | 1-2 year | 2-3 year | 3-4 year | 4-5 year | 5-10 years | More than 10 years | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
31 Dec. 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Life insurance | 3,154 | 2,122 | 1,585 | 1,560 | 1,232 | 2,350 | 6,590 | 18,593
Nin-life insurance | 1,460 | 1,166 | 967 | 755 | 463 | 677 | 37 | 5,525
Reinsurance | 32 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 3 | (1) | - | 72
| 4,646 | 3,303 | 2,565 | 2,325 | 1,698 | 3,026 | 6,627 | 24,190
Restated 31 Dec. 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Life insurance | 422 | 597 | 414 | 353 | 360 | 1,013 | 2,853 | 6,012
Nin-life insurance | 1,156 | 922 | 750 | 617 | 471 | 677 | 12 | 4,605
Reinsurance | 51 | 28 | 23 | 19 | 15 | 5 | - | 141
| 1,629 | 1,547 | 1,187 | 989 | 846 | 1,695 | 2,865 | 10,758

17.4. Non-life claims development
The table below illustrates development of cumulative claims for the Group’s non-life segment over time on a gross reinsurance basis (before reinsurance).

Company |  |  |  | in EUR'000
Gross of reinsurance | Before 2022 | 2022 | 2023 | Total
Estimates of undiscounted gross cumulative claims |  |  |  |
Estimates of undiscounted gross cumulative claims at the end of the accident year | - | 203,902 | 266,589 | 470,491
One year later | - | 206,798 | - | 206,798
Two years later | - | - | - | -
Estimates of the gross cumulative claims at the end of the reporting period | - | 206,798 | 266,589 | 473,387
Cumulative gross claims paid | - | 172,832 | 169,638 | 342,470
Gross liabilities – accident years from 2022 to 2023 | - | 33,966 | 96,951 | 130,917
Gross liabilities – accident years before 2022 | 209,414 | - | - | 209,414
Effect of discounting | (51,117) | (4,175) | (6,255) | (61,547)
Gross liabilities for incurred claims included in the statement of financial position | 158,297 | 29,791 | 90,696 | 278,784

Group |  |  |  | in EUR'000
Gross of reinsurance | Before 2022 | 2022 | 2023 | Total
Estimates of undiscounted gross cumulative claims |  |  |  |
Estimates of undiscounted gross cumulative claims at the end of the accident year | - | 241,904 | 313,363 | 555,267
One year later | - | 244,728 | - | 244,728
Two years later | - | - | - | -
Estimates of the gross cumulative claims at the end of the reporting period | - | 244,728 | 313,363 | 558,091
Cumulative gross claims paid | - | 204,771 | 193,978 | 398,749
Gross liabilities – accident years from 2022 to 2023 | - | 39,957 | 119,384 | 159,341
Gross liabilities – accident years before 2022 | 224,923 | - | - | 224,923
Effect of discounting | (55,360) | (5,434) | (8,057) | (68,851)
Gross liabilities for incurred claims included in the statement of financial position | 169,563 | 34,523 | 111,327 | 315,413

18. Financial assets

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortised cost | 351,439 | - |  | 394,241 | -
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 672,698 | - |  | 756,730 | -
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | 135,643 | 30,513 |  | 145,844 | 39,416
Held-to-maturity investments | - | 291,628 |  | - | 303,834
Available-for-sale financial assets | - | 647,933 |  | - | 726,177
Loans and receivables | - | 67,271 |  | - | 88,560
| 1,159,780 | 1,037,345 |  | 1,296,815 | 1,157,987

18.1. Overview of investments
The Company's investment structure as at 31 December 2023 was as follows:

|  |  |  | Company
| Financial assets at amortised cost | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Shares |  |  |  |
Shares, listed | - | 138,600 | 387 | 138,987
Shares, not listed | - | 212 | - | 212
| - | 138,812 | 387 | 139,199
Debt securities |  |  |  |
Government bonds | 282,207 | 439,163 | 1,340 | 722,710
Corporate bonds | 2,862 | 79,864 | 9,624 | 92,350
Treasury bills | - | 14,859 | - | 14,859
Commercial papers | - | - | - | -
| 285,069 | 533,886 | 10,964 | 829,919
Derivative financial instruments |  |  |  |
Foreign currency swap contracts | - | - | 24 | 24
Foreign currency forward contracts | - | - | 462 | 462
| - | - | 486 | 486
Investment funds |  |  |  |
Open-ended investment funds | - | - | 108,769 | 108,769
Open-ended investment funds - assets for coverage of unit-linked products | - | - | 15,037 | 15,037
| - | - | 123,806 | 123,806
Loans and receivables |  |  |  |
Deposits with credit institutions | 9,889 | - | - | 9,889
Loans | 56,481 | - | - | 56,481
| 66,370 | - | - | 66,370
| 351,439 | 672,698 | 135,643 | 1,159,780

18.1. Overview of investments (continued)
The Company's investment structure as at 31 December 2022 was as follows:

|  |  |  |  | Company
| Held-to-maturity investments | Available-for-sale financial assets | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss – held for trading | Loans and receivables | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Shares |  |  |  |  |
Shares, listed | - | 102,482 | 2,974 | - | 105,456
Shares, not listed | - | 265 | - | - | 265
| - | 102,747 | 2,974 | - | 105,721
Debt securities |  |  |  |  |
Government bonds | 283,141 | 432,193 | - | - | 715,334
Corporate bonds | 8,487 | 60,899 | - | - | 69,386
| 291,628 | 493,092 | - | - | 784,720
Derivative financial instruments |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | - | - | 1,806 | - | 1,806
| - | - | 1,806 | - | 1,806
Investment funds |  |  |  |  |
Open-ended investment funds | - | 52,094 | - | - | 52,094
Open-ended investment funds - assets for coverage of unit-linked products | - | - | 25,733 | - | 25,733
| - | 52,094 | 25,733 | - | 77,827
Loans and receivables |  |  |  |  |
Deposits with credit institutions | - | - | - | 9,047 | 9,047
Loans | - | - | - | 58,224 | 58,224
| - | - | - | 67,271 | 67,271
| 291,628 | 647,933 | 30,513 | 67,271 | 1,037,345

18.1. Overview of investments (continued)
The Group's investment structure as at 31 December 2023 was as follows:

|  |  |  | Group
| Financial assets at amortised cost | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Shares |  |  |  |
Shares, listed | - | 138,600 | 387 | 138,987
Shares, not listed | - | 212 | - | 212
| - | 138,812 | 387 | 139,199
Debt securities |  |  |  |
Government bonds | 298,906 | 521,999 | 1,340 | 822,245
Corporate bonds | 2,894 | 79,864 | 9,623 | 92,381
Treasury bills | - | 16,055 | - | 16,055
Commercial papers | - | - | - | -
| 301,800 | 617,918 | 10,963 | 930,681
Derivative financial instruments |  |  |  |
Foreign currency swap contracts | - | - | 24 | 24
Foreign currency forward contracts | - | - | 462 | 462
| - | - | 486 | 486
Investment funds |  |  |  |
Open-ended investment funds | - | - | 114,619 | 114,619
Open-ended investment funds - assets for coverage of unit-linked products | - | - | 19,389 | 19,389
| - | - | 134,008 | 134,008
Loans and receivables |  |  |  |
Deposits with credit institutions | 72,553 | - | - | 72,553
Loans | 19,888 | - | - | 19,888
| 92,441 | - | - | 92,441
| 394,241 | 756,730 | 145,844 | 1,296,815

18.1. Overview of investments (continued)
The Group's investment structure as at 31 December 2022 was as follows:

|  |  |  |  | Group
| Held-to-maturity investments | Available-for-sale financial assets | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss – held for trading | Loans and receivables | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Shares |  |  |  |  |
Shares, listed | - | 102,482 | 2,974 | - | 105,456
Shares, not listed | - | 265 | - | - | 265
| - | 102,747 | 2,974 | - | 105,721
Debt securities |  |  |  |  |
Government bonds | 295,315 | 510,436 | - | - | 805,751
Corporate bonds | 8,519 | 60,899 | - | - | 69,418
| 303,834 | 571,335 | - | - | 875,169
Derivative financial instruments |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | - | - | 1,806 | - | 1,806
| - | - | 1,806 | - | 1,806
Investment funds |  |  |  |  |
Open-ended investment funds | - | 52,095 | 5,600 | - | 57,695
Open-ended investment funds - assets for coverage of unit-linked products | - | - | 29,036 | - | 29,036
| - | 52,095 | 34,636 | - | 86,731
Loans and receivables |  |  |  |  |
Deposits with credit institutions | - | - | - | 64,028 | 64,028
Loans | - | - | - | 24,532 | 24,532
| - | - | - | 88,560 | 88,560
| 303,834 | 726,177 | 39,416 | 88,560 | 1,157,987

The Group has determined that most of equity securities (shares) will be classified as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income since they are not held for trading. Instead, they are held for medium and long-term strategic purposes, and the Company and the Group believe that recognizing short-term fluctuations in the fair value of these investments in profit or loss would not be consistent with the Group's strategy of holding these investments and realizing their potential in the medium and long term. The total fair value of the mentioned investments is presented in the table below:

| Company | Group
| 2023 | 2023
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Net book (fair) value of equity securities as of December 31 | 138,812 | 138,812
Dividend income recognized in PnL based on equity securities in the statement of financial position of the Company and the Group as of December 31 | 6,913 | 6,940
Net book (fair) value of equity securities (at the time of sale) sold during the year | 2,791 | 2,791
Dividend income recognized in PnL based on equity securities sold during the year | 22 | 22

The above-mentioned equity securities were sold since the Company and the Group do not plan further investments in them. Based on the sale, the Company and the Group recorded the transfer of loss/gain to retained earnings in the amount of EUR 1,093 thousand.
18.2. Financial investments exposed to credit risk
18.2.1. Movement of the gross amounts and provision for credit losses of bonds at amortised cost:

Company |  | Provision for credit losses |  | Gross amount
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | POCI | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | POCI | Total
| 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration | 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration
|  | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000
Balance as at 31 December 2022 | - | - | (995) | - | (995) | 291,628 | - | 995 | - | 292,623
Impact of the first application of IFRS 9 | (525) | - | - | - | (525) | (5,842) | - | - | 236 | (5,606)
Movements affecting credit losses: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Transfer to impairment (from stage 1 and 2 to stage 3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Increase or addition | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Decrease | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Change of assumptions in the ECL measurement model | 238 | - | - | - | 238 | - | - | - | - | -
Amortization of premium/discount | - | - | - | - | - | (647) | - | - | 7 | (640)
Other movements | - | - | - | - | - | (26) | - | - | (1) | (27)
Movements that do not affect the provision for credit losses: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Write-offs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Exchange rate differences and other movements | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1
Balance as at 31 December 2023 | (287) | - | (995) | - | (1,282) | 285,114 | - | 995 | 242 | 286,351

Movement in impairment of held-to-maturity investments:

| Company | Group
| 31 Dec 2022 | 31 Dec 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Balance as at 1 January | 995 | 995
Change in impairment | - | -
Balance as at 31 December | 995 | 995

Group |  | Provision for credit losses |  | Gross amount
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | POCI | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | POCI | Total
| 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration | 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration
|  | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000
Balance as at 31 December 2022 | - | - | (995) | - | (995) | 303,834 | - | 995 | - | 304,829
Impact of the first application of IFRS 9 | (599) | - | - | - | (599) | (5,842) | - | - | 236 | (5,606)
Movements affecting credit losses: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Transfer to impairment (from stage 1 and 2 to stage 3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Increase or addition | (28) | - | - | - | (28) | 4,684 | - | - | - | 4,684
Decrease | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Change of assumptions in the ECL measurement model | 244 | - | - | - | 244 | - | - | - | - | -
Amortization of premium/discount | - | - | - | - | - | (715) | - | - | 7 | (708)
Other movements | - | - | - | - | - | (23) | - | - | (1) | (24)
Movements that do not affect the provision for credit losses: | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Write-offs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Exchange rate differences and other movements | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | 3
Balance as at 31 December 2023 | (383) | - | (995) | - | (1,378) | 301,940 | - | 995 | 243 | 303,178

18.2.2. Movement of the gross amounts and provision for credit losses of bonds at fair value through other comprehensive income:

Company | Provision for credit losses | Gross amount
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total
| 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration | 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Balance as at 31 December 2022 | - | - | - | - | 493,092 | - | - | 493,092
Impact of the first application of IFRS 9 | (839) | - | - | (839) | (66,097) | - | - | (66,097)
Movements affecting credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer to impairment (from stage 1 and 2 to stage 3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Increase or addition | (165) | - | - | (165) | 227,662 | - | - | 227,662
Decrease | 89 | - | - | 89 | (141,455) | - | - | (141,455)
Change of assumptions in the ECL measurement model | 265 | - | - | 265 | (265) | - | - | (265)
Amortization of premium/discount | - | - | - | - | 1,768 | - | - | 1,768
Other movements | - | - | - | - | 1,325 | - | - | 1,325
Movements that do not affect the provision for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Write-offs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Change in fair value recognized in Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 18,505 | - | - | 18,505
Exchange rate differences and other movements | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1
Balance as at 31 December 2023 | (650) | - | - | (650) | 534,536 | - | - | 534,536

Group | Provision for credit losses | Gross amount
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total
| 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration | 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Balance as at 31 December 2022 | - | - | - | - | 571,335 | - | - | 571,335
Impact of the first application of IFRS 9 | (1,120) | - | - | (1,120) | (65,816) | - | - | (65,816)
Movements affecting credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer to impairment (from stage 1 and 2 to stage 3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Increase or addition | (206) | - | - | (206) | 241,056 | - | - | 241,056
Decrease | 102 | - | - | 102 | (149,099) | - | - | (149,099)
Change of assumptions in the ECL measurement model | 266 | - | - | 266 | (266) | - | - | (266)
Amortization of premium/discount | - | - | - | - | 1,205 | - | - | 1,205
Other movements | - | - | - | - | 1,406 | - | - | 1,406
Movements that do not affect the provision for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Write-offs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Change in fair value recognized in Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 19,009 | - | - | 19,009
Exchange rate differences and other movements | 3 | - | - | 3 | 43 | - | - | 43
Balance as at 31 December 2023 | (955) | - | - | (955) | 618,873 | - | - | 618,873

18.2.3. Movement of the gross amounts and provision for credit losses for deposits:

Company | Provision for credit losses | Gross amount
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total
| 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration | 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Balance as at 31 December 2022 | (133) | - | - | (133) | 9,180 | - | - | 9,180
Impact of the first application of IFRS 9 | (81) | - | - | (81) | - | - | - | -
Movements affecting credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer to impairment (from stage 1 and 2 to stage 3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Increase or addition | (127) | - | - | (127) | 10,016 | - | - | 10,016
Decrease | 81 | - | - | 81 | (9,047) | - | - | (9,047)
Change of assumptions in the ECL measurement model | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Other movements | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Movements that do not affect the provision for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Write-offs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Exchange rate differences and other movements | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Balance as at 31 December 2023 | (260) | - | - | (260) | 10,149 | - | - | 10,149

Group | Provision for credit losses | Gross amount
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total
| 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration | 12-month ECL | ECL for the duration | ECL for the duration
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Balance as at 31 December 2022 | (133) | - | - | (133) | 64,161 | - | - | 64,161
Impact of the first application of IFRS 9 | (687) | - | - | (687) | - | - | - | -
Movements affecting credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer to impairment (from stage 1 and 2 to stage 3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Increase or addition | (400) | - | - | (400) | 63,340 | - | - | 63,340
Decrease | 174 | - | - | 174 | (54,163) | - | - | (54,163)
Change of assumptions in the ECL measurement model | 204 | - | - | 204 | - | - | - | -
Other movements | - | - | - | - | 35 | - | - | 35
Movements that do not affect the provision for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Write-offs | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Exchange rate differences and other movements | - | - | - | - | 22 | - | - | 22
Balance as at 31 December 2023 | (842) | - | - | (842) | 73,395 | - | - | 73,395

18.3. Loans

| Company | Company | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Gross book value | 66,628 | 72,710 | 29,948 | 39,064
Expected credit losses | (10,147) | (14,486) | (10,060) | (14,532)
Net book value | 56,481 | 58,224 | 19,888 | 24,532

Movement in impairment of loans, i.e. expected credit losses for loans, is as follows:

| Company | Company | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
At 1 January | 14,486 | 14,936 | 14,532 | 14,976
Impact of the first application of IFRS 9 | 164 | - | 26 | -
Posting IAS 39 value adjustment for POCI assets | (1,557) | - | (1,557) | -
Change of assumptions in the ECL measurement model | (668) | 210 | (637) | 222
Derecognition of financial assets during the year | (2,278) | (660) | (2,274) | (667)
Foreign exchange differences | - | - | (30) | 1
At 31 December | 10,147 | 14,486 | 10,060 | 14,532

The structure of loans by type of collateral:

| Company | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Collateralised loans: |  |  |  |
- vinculated life insurance policies | 1,758 | 1,692 | 2,645 | 2,569
- mortgages and real estate fiduciaries | 48,492 | 60,620 | 27,133 | 35,858
- other collaterals | 16,378 | 10,398 | 170 | 637
| 66,628 | 72,710 | 29,948 | 39,064
Value adjustment | (10,147) | (14,486) | (10,060) | (14,532)
Total | 56,481 | 58,224 | 19,888 | 24,532

The quality of loans mainly depends on the quality of the collateral. The best security instrument is considered the vinculated life insurance policy issued by the Group. Vinculated life insurance policies almost fully cover the loan exposure.
For loans neither past due nor impaired, which are secured by mortgages, mortgages are considered a secondary source of repayment only and do not impact the carrying amount of the loan. However, loans and receivables past due but not impaired would be fully impaired if there were no collaterals.
Company:

| Excessively secured assets |  | Insufficiently secured assets |  | Total
31 December 2023 | Net book value of loans | Fair value of collaterals |  | Net book value of loans | Fair value of collaterals |  | Net book value of loans | Fair value of collaterals
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Loans given based on life insurance policies | 1,753 | 1,753 |  | - | - |  | 1,753 | 1,753
Loans given to legal entities | 15,512 | 37,686 |  | - | - |  | 15,512 | 37,686
Loans given to related parties | 23,502 | 93,785 |  | 15,714 | - |  | 39,216 | 93,785
| 40,767 | 133,224 |  | 15,714 | - |  | 56,481 | 133,224
31 December 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans given based on life insurance policies | 1,692 | 1,692 |  | - | - |  | 1,692 | 1,692
Loans given to legal entities | 18,242 | 39,652 |  | 381 | - |  | 18,623 | 39,652
Loans given to related parties | 27,894 | 93,785 |  | 10,014 | - |  | 37,909 | 93,785
| 47,829 | 135,129 |  | 10,395 | - |  | 58,224 | 135,129

Group:

| Excessively secured assets |  | Insufficiently secured assets |  | Total
31 December 2023 | Net book value of loans | Fair value of collaterals |  | Net book value of loans | Fair value of collaterals |  | Net book value of loans | Fair value of collaterals
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Loans given based on life insurance policies | 2,646 | 3,547 |  | - | - |  | 2,646 | 3,547
Loans given to legal entities | 15,754 | 38,764 |  | 43 | - |  | 15,796 | 38,764
Loans given to related parties | 1,446 | 25,539 |  | - | - |  | 1,446 | 25,539
| 19,846 | 67,850 |  | 43 | - |  | 19,888 | 67,850
31 December 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans given based on life insurance policies | 2,583 | 3,749 |  | - | - |  | 2,583 | 3,749
Loans given to legal entities | 18,652 | 41,306 |  | 396 | - |  | 19,048 | 41,306
Loans given to related parties | 2,901 | 25,539 |  | - | - |  | 2,901 | 25,539
| 24,136 | 70,594 |  | 396 | - |  | 24,532 | 70,594

18.4. Derivative financial instruments
The following table presents the fair value of derivative financial instruments at the balance sheet date:

| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| Nominal amount off-balance sheet | Fair value balance sheet | Nominal amount off-balance sheet | Fair value balance sheet
| Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities
| EUR’000 | EUR’000 | EUR’000 | EUR’000 | EUR’000 | EUR’000
Company |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | 45,280 | 462 | (36) | 76,076 | 1,806 | (82)
Futures | 268 | - | - | - | - | -
Interest swap contracts | - | - | (55) | - | - | -
Foreign currency swap contracts | 1,017 | 24 | - | - | - | -
Total | 46,565 | 486 | (91) | 76,076 | 1,806 | (82)
Group |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forward contracts | 45,280 | 462 | (36) | 76,076 | 1,806 | (82)
Futures | 268 | - | - | - | - | -
Interest swap contracts | - | - | (55) | - | - | -
Foreign currency swap contracts | 1,017 | 24 | - | - | - | -
Total | 46,565 | 486 | (91) | 76,076 | 1,806 | (82)

19. Deferred taxes
(i) Movements in deferred tax assets:

Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | in EUR'000
| Impairment of investments in subsidiaries and associates | Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | Impairment of available-for-sale financial assets | Impairment of financial assets through OCI | Impairment of loans and deposits | Impairment of investments at amortised cost | Fair valuation losses on investment property | Impact of IFRS 17 application | Other | TOTAL
At 31 December 2021 | 85 | 758 | 1,763 | - | 2,147 | - | 3,739 | - | 962 | 9,454
Impact of initial application of IFRS 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3,317 | - | 3,317
Utilised deferred tax assets through profit or loss | (4) | (444) | (382) | - | (41) | - | (349) | (625) | (795) | (2,640)
Deferred tax assets recognised in profit or loss | - | 41 | 77 | - | 29 | - | 53 | - | 2,011 | 2,211
At 31 December 2022 | 81 | 355 | 1,458 | - | 2,135 | - | 3,443 | 2,692 | 2,178 | 12,342
Impact of initial application of IFRS 9 | - | - | (1,458) | 1,605 | (2,135) | 2,316 | - | - | - | 328
Reclassification | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2
Utilised deferred tax assets through profit or loss | (73) | (139) | - | (1,206) | - | (138) | (519) | (2,692) | (1,006) | (5,773)
Deferred tax assets recognised in profit or loss | 69 | 442 | - | 49 | - | 41 | 78 | - | 1,002 | 1,681
At 31 December 2023 | 77 | 658 | - | 448 | - | 2,219 | 3,002 | - | 2,176 | 8,580

|  |  |  |  |  | in EUR'000
(ii) Movements in deferred tax liabilities: | Property for own use | Financial assets available for sale | Financial assets through OCI | Impact of IFRS 17 application | Financial reserve from the insurance contarcts | Total
At 31 December 2021 | 1,413 | 16,600 | - | - | - | 18,013
Impact of initial application of IFRS 17 | - | - | - | 11,919 | 478 | 12,397
Utilisation through profit and loss account | - | - | - | 422 | - | 422
Utilisation through equity | (16) | - | - | - | - | (16)
Change through other comprehensive income | (28) | (14,140) | - | - | 14,816 | 648
At 31 December 2022 | 1,370 | 2,460 | - | 12,341 | 15,294 | 31,465
Impact of initial application of IFRS 9 | - | (2,460) | 2,606 | - | - | 146
Reclassification | 1 | - | - | 9 | - | 10
Utilisation through profit and loss account | (65) | - | (1,403) | (12,350) | - | (13,818)
Change through other comprehensive income | (25) | - | 7,493 | - | (8,415) | (947)
At 31 December 2023 | 1,280 | - | 8,696 | - | 6,879 | 16,855

(iii) Netting deferred taxes: | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Balance of deferred tax assets | 8,580 | 12,342
Balance of deferred tax liabilities | (16,855) | (31,465)
Net deferred tax (liability)/assets at 31 December | (8,275) | (19,123)

19. Deferred tax assets (continued)
(i) Movements in deferred tax assets:

Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | in EUR'000
| Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | Impairment of available-for-sale financial assets | Impairment of financial assets through OCI | Impairment of financial assets at amortised cost | Impairment of loans and deposits | Fair valuation losses on investment property | Impact of IFRS 17 application | Other | TOTAL
At 31 December 2021 | 797 | 1,835 | - | 16 | 2,156 | 3,719 | - | 1,152 | 9,675
Impact of initial application of IFRS 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4,101 | - | 4,101
Utilised deferred tax assets through profit or loss | 444 | (382) | - | - | (41) | (384) | (1,001) | (819) | (3,071)
Deferred tax assets recognised in profit or loss | 41 | 77 | - | - | 29 | 53 | - | 2,090 | 2,290
Deferred tax assets recognised in other comprehensive income | - | 418 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 418
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | (3) | (2)
At 31 December 2022 | 394 | 1,949 | - | 16 | 2,144 | 3,388 | 3,100 | 2,420 | 13,411
Impact of initial application of IFRS 9 | - | (1,949) | 2,128 | 2,427 | (2,145) | - | - | - | 460
Utilised deferred tax assets through profit or loss | (139) | - | (1,206) | (148) | - | (559) | (2,988) | (1,048) | (6,088)
Utilised deferred tax assets in other comprehensive income | - | - | (259) | - | - | - | - | - | (259)
Deferred tax assets recognised in profit or loss | 442 | - | 52 | 47 | - | 78 | - | 1,626 | 2,245
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | - | - | (5) | (7) | - | (12) | (10) | 1 | (33)
At 31 December 2023 | 697 | - | 710 | 2,335 | (1) | 2,895 | 102 | 2,999 | 9,736

19. Deferred tax assets (continued)

(ii) Movements in deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  | in EUR'000
| Property for own use | Investment property | Financial assets available for sale | Financial assets through OCI | Impact of IFRS 17 application | Financial reserve from the insurance contracts | Other | Total
At 31 December 2021 | 2,933 | 4,409 | 16,975 | - | - | - | 64 | 24,381
Impact of initial application of IFRS 17 | - | - | - | - | 11,532 | 478 | - | 12,010
Recognition through equity | 149 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 149
Recognition through profit and loss | - | 189 | - | - | 844 | - | - | 1,033
Utilisation through profit or loss | (42) | (75) | - | - | - | - | - | (117)
Change through other comprehensive income | (34) | - | (15,239) | - | - | 16,424 | - | 1,151
Foreign exchange differences | (3) | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | -
At 31 December 2022 | 3,002 | 4,523 | 1,738 | - | 12,376 | 16,902 | 64 | 38,605
Impact of initial application of IFRS 9 | - | - | (1,738) | 1,924 | - | - | - | 186
Reclassification | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Recognition/(utilization) through profit or loss | (102) | 443 | - | (1,403) | (12,457) | - | - | (13,519)
Recognition through equity | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
Change through other comprehensive income | (40) | - | - | 7,386 | - | (8,572) | - | (1,226)
Foreign exchange differences | (5) | (7) | - | 4 | 9 | (18) | - | (17)
At 31 December 2023 | 2,855 | 4,959 | - | 7,911 | (72) | 8,312 | 64 | 24,029

(iii) Netting deferred taxes: |  |
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Total deferred tax assets | 9,736 | 13,411
Netting deferred taxes (i) | (8,829) | (13,063)
Net movement in deferred tax assets | 907 | 348
Total deferred tax liabilities | 24,029 | 38,605
Netting deferred taxes (i) | (8,829) | (13,063)
Net movement in deferred tax liabilities | 15,200 | 25,542

(iii) Netting deferred taxes is recognised where it is possible to net the future tax liability with tax receivables at the level of each Group company.
20. Trade receivables and other receivables

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Other receivables, net | 24,924 | 17,358 |  | 34,856 | 22,921
Prepaid expenses | 2,505 | 7,455 |  | 3,761 | 8,682
Receivables for return on investments, net | 1,732 | 106 |  | 1,659 | 42
Other assets | 50 | 44 |  | 1,666 | 1,467
Undue interest receivables | - | - |  | 144 | 84
Accrued income | - | - |  | 16 | 1
| 29,211 | 24,963 |  | 42,102 | 33,197

20.1. Other receivables, net

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Receivables for claims from reinsurance and co-insurance | 14,929 | 5,459 |  | 16,910 | 5,783
Receivables for funds on blocked accounts | 3,368 | 3,368 |  | 3,368 | 3,368
Other receivables from insurance policyholders | 2,494 | 3,198 |  | 2,671 | 3,198
Receivables from credit card companies | 3,327 | 639 |  | 3,569 | 864
Receivables for advances given | 1,282 | 589 |  | 1,875 | 903
Receivables for international claims | 1,393 | 1,477 |  | 1,867 | 1,893
Receivables from employees | 940 | 978 |  | 1,084 | 1,119
Trade receivables | 510 | 281 |  | 4,333 | 3,419
Receivables for sold apartments | 723 | 753 |  | 723 | 753
Receivables for default interest | 720 | 792 |  | 720 | 792
Receivables obtained through cession | 592 | 592 |  | 592 | 592
Receivables from the state and state institutions | 363 | 288 |  | 770 | 773
Receivables under court decisions | 43 | 44 |  | 42 | 76
Claims for financial assets in the settlement process | 38 | 6,590 |  | 38 | 6,590
Other receivables | 1,635 | (124) |  | 7,040 | 3,650
Expected credit losses on other receivables | (7,433) | (7,566) |  | (10,746) | (10,852)
Other receivables, net | 24,924 | 17,358 |  | 34,856 | 22,921

20.2. Analysis of other receivables by maturity:

| Company
| Undue | <90 days | 90-180 days | > 180 days | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Impaired as at 31 December 2022 |  |  |  |  |
Gross book value | 6,561 | 9,294 | 1,250 | 7,819 | 24,924
Impairment | - | - | - | (7,566) | (7,566)
Net book value | 6,561 | 9,294 | 1,250 | 253 | 17,358
Reduction rate (%) | 0% | 0% | 0% | 97% | 30%
31 December 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Gross book value | 15,266 | 7,099 | 1,395 | 8,597 | 32,357
Expected credit losses | - | - | - | (7,433) | (7,433)
Net book value | 15,266 | 7,099 | 1,395 | 1,164 | 24,924
Reduction rate (%) | 0% | 0% | 0% | 86% | 23%

| Group
| Undue | <90 days | 90-180 days | > 180 days | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Impaired as at 31 December 2022 |  |  |  |  |
Gross book value | 10,990 | 11,479 | 1,451 | 9,852 | 33,772
Impairment | (363) | (1,043) | (29) | (9,416) | (10,851)
Net book value | 10,627 | 10,436 | 1,422 | 436 | 22,921
Reduction rate (%) | 3% | 9% | 2% | 96% | 32%
31 December 2023 |  |  |  |  |
Gross book value | 22,142 | 10,658 | 1,742 | 11,059 | 45,601
Expected credit losses | (206) | (953) | (69) | (9,517) | (10,745)
Net book value | 21,936 | 9,705 | 1,673 | 1,542 | 34,856
Reduction rate (%) | 1% | 9% | 4% | 86% | 24%

The group monitors the collection of receivables and has established a process for issuing reminders, forced collection and eventual charges.
20.3. Movements in impairment of receivables maturity

| Company | Company | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 202 | 31 Dec. 2023 | Restated 31 Dec. 202
| u 000 EUR | u 000 EUR | u 000 EUR | u 000 EUR
At 1 January 2022 | 7,566 | 8,423 | 10,851 | 11,391
Impact of the first application of IFRS 9 | - | - | - | -
Increase or additions | 541 | 2,228 | 669 | 2,745
Collection of previously impaired amounts | (466) | (2,613) | (543) | (2,753)
Write-off | (134) | (472) | (160) | (534)
Transfer to off-balance | (74) | - | (75) | -
Foreign exchange differences | - | - | 3 | 2
At 31 December 2023 | 7,433 | 7,566 | 10,745 | 10,851

21. Cash and cash equivalents

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Deposits with maturity up to three months | 43,626 | 8,422 |  | 43,626 | 8,422
Cash on bank accounts | 1,667 | 106,167 |  | 23,151 | 134,578
Cash on hand | - | - |  | 115 | 97
Expected credit losses | (4) | - |  | (69) | -
Total cash and cash equivalents | 45,289 | 114,589 |  | 66,823 | 143,097

22. Capital and reserves
22.1. Subscribed share capital
The Company's share capital with a nominal value of EUR 79,924 thousand (31 December 2022: EUR 79,843 thousand) is divided among 429,697 shares with a nominal value of EUR 186, which have been paid entirely in cash, entered into the register of the Commercial Court in Zagreb.
The shares are marked as follows:

Number of shares | Nominal amount (in EUR 000):
307,598 ordinary shares I, emission with ticker CROS-R-A/CROS | 57,213
113,349 ordinary shares II, emission with ticker CROS-R-A/CROS | 21,083
TOTAL ORDINARY SHARES | 78,296
8,750 preference shares I, emission with ticker CROS-P-A/CROS2 | 1,628
TOTAL PREFERENCE SHARES | 1,628
TOTAL ORDINARY AND PREFERENCE SHARES | 79,924

Preference shares provide their holders with the following rights:
-voting rights equal to the holders of ordinary shares;
-dividend payment in the amount of 8% annually on the revalued value of shares, for the year in which an appropriate profit was realised;
-cumulative dividend payment is guaranteed provided that the Company’s result enables the payment;
-cumulative dividend payment if the Company’s result enables the payment of a higher dividend to all shareholders than the dividend from the previous point, as well as for the years when the liability cannot be settled due to insufficient profit.
Due to the guaranteed dividend payment, preference shares are classified as financial liabilities (Note 24).
On 31 May 2023, The General Assembly of CROATIA osiguranje d.d. was held at which the Decision was made on the use of the profits of CROATIA osiguranje d.d. achieved in 2022. A dividend was voted for 8,750 preferred shares in the amount of EUR 14.86 per share, i.e. in the amount of EUR 130,025. The dividend was paid on 28 June 2023.
Conversion of share capital into euro
Based on the provisions of the Act on the introduction of the euro as the official currency in the Republic of Croatia and the provisions of the Companies Act, the Company proposed at the general assembly a decision on the adjustment of the share capital and the nominal amount of the Company's shares in such a way as to increase the amount of the nominal value of the share from EUR 185.81, obtained by conversion into euros using a fixed conversion rate with rounding to the nearest cent, to the amount of EUR 186.00.The aforementioned increase in the nominal amount of the share is carried out in order to round the nominal amount of the shares to a whole number, as prescribed by Article 163, paragraph 4 of the Companies Act.
With the purpose of aligning the share capital with the provisions of the Companies Act, the share capital is increased by the amount of EUR 80,812.35, whereby the total share capital of the Company after recalculation and adjustment would amount to EUR 79,923,642.00. This adjustment was made on 5 October 2023 after changes in the court register.
The ownership structure as at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022 was as follows:

Shareholder | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
ADRIS GRUPA d.d. | 66.96 | 66.96
CERP/ Republic of Croatia | 30.10 | 30.10
Other shareholders | 2.94 | 2.94
| 100.00 | 100.00

22.2. Reserves

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Legal reserves | 3,992 | 3,992 |  | 3,992 | 3,992
Statutory reserves | 19,458 | 19,539 |  | 19,458 | 19,539
Other reserves | 29,829 | 29,829 |  | 29,829 | 29,829
| 53,279 | 53,360 |  | 53,279 | 53,360

Pursuant to the Companies Act, 5% of profit for the year is allocated to the legal reserve until total legal reserve reaches 5% of the share capital.
Statutory reserves and other reserves were established based on the decision on profit distribution from previous years. The Company forms statutory reserves to strengthen the security and stability of the Company's operations. The Company may use statutory reserves only for reserves for own shares and coverage of losses from the current year, if the same could not be covered from retained earnings of previous years, legal reserves and capital reserves.
22.3. Revaluation reserve
The revaluation reserve is presented as follows:

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Property for own use | 7,112 | 7,608 |  | 16,929 | 17,532
Deferred tax from change in revaluation reserve of property for own use | (1,280) | (1,370) |  | (2,855) | (3,002)
Insurance finance reserve | 38,231 | 85,012 |  | 52,452 | 100,444
Deferred tax from insurance finance reserve | (6,879) | (15,294) |  | (8,323) | (16,891)
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 50,134 | - |  | 42,186 | -
Deferred taxes from financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | (9,025) | - |  | (8,174) | -
Available-for-sale financial assets | - | 13,664 |  | - | 4,808
Deferred tax from change in revaluation reserve of available-for-sale financial assets | - | (2,460) |  | - | (1,423)
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | (19) | (19) |  | (784) | (778)
Total revaluation reserve | 78,274 | 87,141 |  | 91,431 | 100,690

/i/ Revaluation reserve of property for own use, net of deferred tax

| Company | Group
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
31 December 2021 | 6,439 | 14,135
Increase in revaluation reserve | - | 395
Decrease in revaluation reserve | (200) | -
31 December 2022 | 6,239 | 14,530
Increase in revaluation reserve | - | -
Decrease in revaluation reserve | (407) | (456)
31 December 2023 | 5,832 | 14,074

/ii/ Revaluation reserve of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of deferred tax

| Company | Group
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
31 December 2021 | 75,620 | 79,233
Changes in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets | (61,118) | (72,544)
Impairment of financial assets, net of tax | 353 | 353
Realised gains of available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax (through profit) | (3,651) | (3,654)
31 December 2022 | 11,204 | 3,388
Impact of initial application of IFRS 9 | (3,333) | (3,088)
Changes in fair value of debt securities through other comprehensive income | 15,276 | 15,750
Realised gains of debt securities through other comprehensive income reclassified to profit and loss statement | (238) | (238)
Changes in fair value of equity securities through other comprehensive income | 19,096 | 19,096
Realised gains of equity securities through other comprehensive income reclassified to retained earnings | (896) | (896)
31 December 2023 | 41,109 | 34,012

23. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Derivative financial instruments-liabilities | 91 | 82 |  | 91 | 82
Other financial liabilities | - | - |  | - | -
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss | 91 | 82 |  | 91 | 82

24. Financial liabilities at amortised cost

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Lease liabilities (IFRS 16) | 35,207 | 36,202 |  | 46,215 | 41,823
Preference shares | 1,628 | 1,626 |  | 1,628 | 1,626
Other financial liabilities | 223 | 281 |  | 226 | 280
Financial liabilities to financial institutions | - | - |  | 80 | 216
Liabilities for repo transactions | - | 10,008 |  | - | 10,009
Total financial liabilities at amortised cost | 37,058 | 48,117 |  | 48,149 | 53,954

Net debt:

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Cash and cash equivalents | 45,289 | 114,589 |  | 66,823 | 143,097
Lease liabilities and financial liabilities to financial institutions | (35,207) | (36,202) |  | (46,295) | (42,039)
Net debt | 10,082 | 78,387 |  | 20,528 | 101,058

Net debt reconciliation:

| Company | Company | Company | Group | Group | Group
| Cash and cash equivalents | Lease and loan liabilities | Total | Cash and cash equivalents | Lease and loan liabilities | Total
| 2023 | 2023 | 2023 | 2023 | 2023 | 2023
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
At 1 January | 114,589 | (36,202) | 78,387 | 143,097 | (42,039) | 101,058
Cash flow | (69,300) | - | (69,300) | (76,274) | - | (76,274)
Lease and loan payments | - | 3,362 | 3,362 | - | 5,244 | 5,244
Increases based on new contracts | - | (1,425) | (1,425) | - | (8,769) | (8,769)
Canceled contracts | - | 324 | 324 | - | 982 | 982
Interest expense | - | (1,266) | (1,266) | - | (1,713) | (1,713)
Foreign exchange differences | - | - | - | - | - | -
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | - | - | - | - | - | -
At 31 December | 45,289 | (35,207) | 10,082 | 66,823 | (46,295) | 20,528

| Company | Company | Company | Group | Group | Group
| Cash and cash equivalents | Lease and loan liabilities | Total | Cash and cash equivalents | Lease and loan liabilities | Total
| 2022 | 2022 | 2022 | 2022 | 2022 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
At 1 January | 80,832 | (36,461) | 44,371 | 105,815 | (42,939) | 62,876
Cash flow | 33,757 | - | 33,757 | 37,282 | - | 37,282
Lease and loan payments | - | 3,019 | 3,019 | - | 4,615 | 4,615
Increases based on new contracts | - | (1,439) | (1,439) | - | (2,502) | (2,502)
Canceled contracts | - | 38 | 38 | - | 467 | 467
Interest expense | - | (1,297) | (1,297) | - | (1,592) | (1,592)
Foreign exchange differences | - | (62) | (62) | - | (54) | (54)
Foreign exchange differences arising on translation of financial statements of foreign operations | - | - | - | - | (34) | (34)
At 31 December | 114,589 | (36,202) | 78,387 | 143,097 | (42,039) | 101,058

24.1. Lease liabilities
The maturity of lease liabilities is presented below:

| Company | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2023
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
2024 | 2,482 | 4,048
2025 | 2,046 | 3,642
2026 | 1,816 | 5,327
2027 | 1,691 | 2,793
2028 | 1,645 | 2,295
2029 and later | 25,527 | 28,190
| 35,207 | 46,295
| Company | Group
| 31 Dec. 2022 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
2023 | 2,255 | 3,477
2024 | 1,991 | 3,125
2025 | 1,652 | 2,443
2026 | 1,391 | 2,063
2027 | 1,382 | 1,801
2028 and later | 27,531 | 29,130
| 36,202 | 42,039

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial position and movements of right-of-use assets during the year are presented in Note 14.1 Property and equipment. The following is presented in Statement of comprehensive income:

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Depreciation expense of right-of-use assets |  |  |  |  |
Buildings | 1,630 | 1,716 |  | 3,050 | 2,881
Vehicles | 606 | 537 |  | 457 | 450
Equipment | - | - |  | 8 | -
| 2,236 | 2,253 |  | 3,515 | 3,331

Interest on lease liabilities | 1,266 | 1,297 |  | 1,652 | 1,586
Expenses relating to short-term leases | 149 | 107 |  | 1,120 | 1,453
Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets | 509 | 712 |  | 871 | 997

25. Provisions

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Provisions for legal disputes | 5,289 | 4,793 |  | 5,450 | 4,958
Provisions for termination benefits | 488 | 666 |  | 488 | 665
Provisions for jubilee awards and retirement benefits /i/ | 990 | 1,078 |  | 2,147 | 2,067
Other long-term provisions | - | - |  | - | -
| 6,767 | 6,537 |  | 8,085 | 7,690

Movements in provisions for jubilee awards, pensions, legal disputes and other long-term provisions are shown in the table below:

Company | Provisions for legal disputes | Provisions for jubilee awards and retirement benefits | Provisions for termination benefits | Other long-term provisions | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
At 1 January 2022 | 5,227 | 1,064 | 1,414 | - | 7,705
Additional provisions | 430 | 14 | 1,036 | - | 1,480
Decrease in provisions (utilisation) | (864) | - | (1,784) | - | (2,648)
Decrease in provisions (reversal) | - | - | - | - | -
At 31 December 2022 | 4,793 | 1,078 | 666 | - | 6,537
Additional provisions | 1,210 | 7 | 1,533 | - | 2,750
Decrease in provisions (utilisation) | (714) | (95) | (1,711) | - | (2,520)
Decrease in provisions (reversal) | - | - | - | - | -
At 31 December 2023 | 5,289 | 990 | 488 | - | 6,767

Group | Provisions for legal disputes | Provisions for jubilee awards and retirement benefits | Provisions for termination benefits | Other long-term provisions | Total
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
At 1 January 2022 | 5,388 | 2,088 | 1,491 | 4 | 8,971
Additional provisions | 469 | 156 | 1,008 | - | 1,633
Decrease in provisions (utilisation) | (892) | (149) | (1,834) | (4) | (2,879)
Decrease in provisions (reversal) | (8) | (26) | - | - | (34)
Foreign exchange differences | 1 | (2) | - | - | (1)
At 31 December 2022 | 4,958 | 2,067 | 665 | - | 7,690
Additional provisions | 1,256 | 273 | 1,533 | - | 3,062
Decrease in provisions (utilisation) | (761) | (188) | (1,711) | - | (2,660)
Decrease in provisions (reversal) | (2) | (5) | - | - | (7)
Foreign exchange differences | (1) | - | 1 | - | -
At 31 December 2023 | 5,450 | 2,147 | 488 | - | 8,085

/i/ The following assumptions were used for the calculation:
The employment termination rate for the Company is 7.12% (2022: 6.42%), while for the Group the average is 9.31% (2022: 7.13%)
The expected annual salary increase for the Company is 2.5% (2022: 2.5%), while for the Group is 1.39% (2022: 1.79%);
The average tax rate of 18% for the Company and 15% for the Group was applied to the calculation of severance pay.
The present value of the liability is calculated using the discount rate of 3.43% (2022: 3.13%) for the Company and 2.58%-4.69% for the Group (2022: 3.13%-6.04% ).
The table below shows the sensitivity analysis for significant assumptions:

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
| Change in liabilities | Change in liabilities |  | Change in liabilities | Change in liabilities
Discount rate -10% | 22 | 24 |  | 49 | 46
Discount rate +10% | (21) | (23) |  | (47) | (44)
Employment termination rate -10% | 61 | 63 |  | 108 | 102
Employment termination rate +10% | (55) | (58) |  | (98) | (94)

26. Account payable and other liabilities

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Accrued expenses and deferred income | 15,699 | 14,912 |  | 17,819 | 16,726
Liabilities for the guarantee fund | 4,401 | 4,796 |  | 4,465 | 4,883
Liabilities for claims and contracted insurance amounts | 3,568 | 1,079 |  | 4,171 | 2,436
Liabilities for net salaries | 3,103 | 3,152 |  | 4,378 | 4,096
Liabilities for tax on motor liability and motor hull insurance | 1,500 | 1,289 |  | 1,644 | 1,414
Trade payables | 4,117 | 6,985 |  | 7,272 | 9,590
Liabilities for advances received for the insurance premium | 1,973 | 1,155 |  | 2,243 | 1,372
Liabilities for intermediaries | 991 | 757 |  | 1,206 | 738
Liabilities for contributions from salaries | 776 | 778 |  | 1,033 | 958
Liabilities for contributions on salaries | 621 | 602 |  | 846 | 770
Liabilities for tax and surtax from salaries | 387 | 376 |  | 427 | 416
Liabilities for health insurance under motor liability premium | 170 | 132 |  | 286 | 233
Liabilities for contribution to the Fire Department | 101 | 85 |  | 261 | 220
Liabilities for advances received | 28 | 67 |  | 895 | 560
Liabilities for claims from coinsurance and reinsurance | - | - |  | 105 | 95
Liabilities due to employees | 29 | 27 |  | 245 | 199
Other liabilities | 3,006 | 2,962 |  | 4,719 | 4,355
Total account payable and other liabilities | 40,470 | 39,154 |  | 52,015 | 49,061

26.1. Accrued expenses and deferred income

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Bonus provisions for employees | 5,088 | 4,961 |  | 5,669 | 5,163
Other deferred income | 4,006 | 3,453 |  | 4,545 | 4,005
Accrued, but not invoiced expenses for service received | 1,533 | 1,197 |  | 2,237 | 2,026
Accrued expenses for unused vacation days | 2,222 | 2,133 |  | 2,406 | 2,322
Accrued, but not invoiced acquisition expenses | 1,220 | 1,847 |  | 1,358 | 1,942
Other accrued expenses | 1,630 | 1,321 |  | 1,604 | 1,268
Total accrued expenses and deferred income | 15,699 | 14,912 |  | 17,819 | 16,726

27. Off balance sheet items

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022 |  | 31 Dec. 2023 | 31 Dec. 2022
in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Derivative financial instruments (nominal amount) | 46,565 | 76,076 |  | 46,565 | 76,076
Premium receivables from companies in bankruptcy | 17,004 | 19,912 |  | 19,540 | 22,447
Shares and stakes of companies in bankruptcy | 1,912 | 2,475 |  | 3,095 | 3,795
Placements and interest from companies in bankruptcy | 10,790 | 8,658 |  | 11,704 | 9,506
Default interest on placements | 2,713 | 3,673 |  | 2,712 | 3,672
Other off-balance-sheet items | 235 | 235 |  | 235 | 235
| 79,219 | 111,029 |  | 83,852 | 115,732

28. Related party transactions
The Company considers that it has an immediate related party relationship with its ultimate controlling party, the company ADRIS grupa d.d. and the Republic of Croatia (CERP) and companies with majority state ownership or in which the state has significant influence, companies under control, under common control or under influence of key management personnel and their close family members in accordance with the definitions contained in International Accounting Standard 24 “Related Party Disclosures” (IAS 24). The Group considers the members of the Management Board and Supervisory Board, and directors of departments as key management.
Key related party transactions
The Company pays income tax in the Republic of Croatia, as described in Note 11. The Company also pays personal income tax as described in Notes 5 and 10. With regard to taxes, the Company has no outstanding liabilities towards the Republic of Croatia. The Company invests in securities of the Republic of Croatia and other state-owned companies as listed in the table below with interest rates ranging from 0.25% to 6.375% and with maturities of 2024-2041.
The Company has given loans to the related company Croatia-tehnički pregled d.o.o. in the total value of EUR 24.1m at an interest rate of 4.97%, to the company Core 1 d.o.o. in the total amount of EUR 13m at an interest rate of 4% and 5.14% respectively, to the company Croatia osiguranje d.d., non-life insurance company, Skopje in the amount of EUR 800 thousand at an interest rate of 2.625%, to the company CO Zdravlje d.o.o. in the amount of EUR 2,5m at an interest rate of 6.10%, to the company STRMEC PROJEKT d.o.o. in the amount of EUR 510 thousand at an interest rate of 6.07% , to the company CROATIA Premium d.o.o. in the total amount of EUR 1.7m at an interest rate of 3.2%,to the CROATIA POLIKLINIKA in the total amount of EUR 11.8m at interest rate of 6.07% and to the company CO LOGISTIKA d.o.o. in total amount of EUR 450 thousands at the interest rate of 6.07%, for the purpose of additional investments.
Other relationships with subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates within the Group and other companies that have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements as well as companies in which the state has majority ownership or significant influence are presented in the following tables for 2023 and 2022:
Transactions and balances with the parent company and other related entities of the Company for 2023:

| Subsidiaries | Associates | ADRIS GRUPA d.d. (Parent company) | Other ADRIS GRUPA companies
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortized cost | 37,918 | - | - | 1,450
Trade and other receivables | 197 | - | 30 | 11
Insurance liabilities | 2,024 | 2 | 2 | 193
Trade payables and other liabilities | 340 | - | 156 | 49
Insurance revenue | 1,362 | 41 | 76 | 2,887
Insurance service expenses | 7,341 | - | 2,184 | 2,619
Net result of (passive) reinsurance contracts | 66 | - | - | -
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 1,700 | - | - | 97
Rental income | 718 | - | - | -
Other investment income/expense | 14 | 1,327 | - | -
Other income | 411 | - | 4 | -
Other operating expenses | 26 | - | 15 | 153

Transactions and balances with the parent company and other related entities of the Group for 2022:

| Associates | ADRIS GRUPA d.d. (Parent company) | Other ADRIS GRUPA companies
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortized cost | - | - | 1,450
Trade and other receivables | - | 31 | 13
Insurance liabilities | 2 | 2 | 144
Trade payables and other liabilities | - | 157 | 49
Insurance revenue | 41 | 76 | 2,887
Insurance service expenses | - | 2,184 | 2,619
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | - | - | 97
Rental income | - | - | -
Other investment income/expense | 1,327 | - | -
Other income | - | 6 | 4
Other operating expenses | - | 15 | 156

Transactions and balances with parties related to the shareholder with significant influence on the Company and the Group (Republic of Croatia and all companies with majority state ownership) for 2023:

| Company | Group
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortized cost | 298,215 | 298,215
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 397,591 | 400,184
Trade and other receivables | 431 | 431
Insurance liabilities | 1,143 | 1,143
Trade payables and other liabilities | 327 | 327
Insurance revenue | 18,949 | 18,949
Insurance service expenses | 7,600 | 7,600
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 18,966 | 19,008
Net gains/losses from financial assets at fair value through profit and loss | 681 | 681
Rental income | 1,547 | 1,547
Other investment income/expense | 277 | 277
Other income | 1 | 1
Other operating expenses | 211 | 211

Transactions and balances with the parent company and other related entities of the Company for 2022 (restated):

| Subsidiaries | Associates | ADRIS GRUPA d.d. (Parent company) | Other ADRIS GRUPA companies
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortized cost | 35,003 | - | - | 2,901
Trade and other receivables | 123 | - | 176 | 10
Insurance liabilities | 3,601 | - | - | 377
Trade payables and other liabilities | 109 | - | - | -
Insurance revenue | 1,179 | 35 | 71 | 2,704
Insurance service expenses | 8,791 | - | 2,250 | 967
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 1,472 | - | - | 160
Rental income | 667 | - | - |
Other investment income/expense | 1,605 | 1,394 | - | -
Other income | 254 | - | - | -
Other operating expenses | 16 | - | 36 | 57

Transactions and balances with the parent company and other related entities of the Group for 2022 (restated):

| Associates | ADRIS GRUPA d.d. (Parent company) | Other ADRIS GRUPA companies
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortized cost | - | - | 2,901
Trade and other receivables | - | 176 | 10
Insurance liabilities | - | - | 377
Trade payables and other liabilities | - | - | -
Insurance revenue | 35 | 71 | 2,704
Insurance service expenses | - | 2,250 | 967
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | - | - | 160
Rental income | - | - | -
Other investment income/expense | 1,394 | - | -
Other income | - | - | -
Other operating expenses | - | 36 | 57

Transactions and balances with parties related to the shareholder with significant influence on the Company and the Group (Republic of Croatia and all companies with majority state ownership) for 2022 (restated):

| Company | Group
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Financial assets at amortized cost | 285,786 | 285,786
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 412,827 | 414,602
Trade and other receivables | 61 | 61
Insurance liabilities | 1,353 | 1,353
Trade payables and other liabilities | 132 | 132
Insurance revenue | 14,473 | 14,473
Insurance service expenses | 6,626 | 6,626
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 18,807 | 18,833
Rental income | 1,537 | 1,537
Other investment income/expense | 556 | 556
Other income | 10 | 10
Other operating expenses | 247 | 247

Transactions and balances with parties related to key management of the Company, Group and Parent company for 2023 and 2022:

| Company | Company |  | Group | Group
| 2023 | 2022 |  | 2023 | 2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000 |  | in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
Insurance liabilities | - | 1 |  | - | 1
Insurance revenue | 21 | 22 |  | 21 | 22
Insurance expenses | 3 | - |  | 3 | -

/i/ Key management compensation
Company:

| 31 Dec.2023 | 31 Dec.2022
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
| Management | Department directors | Supervisory Board | Total | Management | Department directors | Supervisory Board | Total
Key management compensation | 2,695 | 2,680 | 22 | 5,397 | 2,131 | 2,731 | 21 | 4,883
Termination benefits | - | 127 | - | 127 | - | 49 | - | 49
| 2,695 | 2,807 | 22 | 5,524 | 2,131 | 2,780 | 21 | 4,932

Group:

| 31 Dec.2023 | 31 Dec.2021
| in EUR'000 | in EUR'000
| Management | Department directors | Supervisory Board | Total | Management | Department directors | Supervisory Board | Total
Key management compensation | 4,041 | 3,466 | 53 | 7,560 | 3,326 | 3,542 | 49 | 6,917
Termination benefits | 101 | 127 | - | 228 | 1 | 61 | - | 62
| 4,142 | 3,593 | 53 | 7,788 | 3,327 | 3,603 | 49 | 6,979

The key management personnel of the Group are members of the Management Board and Supervisory Board and directors of departments.
Key management compensation includes gross salary, life insurance premiums, benefits in kind, bonuses in cash and shares of the parent company, termination benefits and compensation of the Supervisory Board. The remuneration of key management in the note above includes provisions for bonuses for 2023 and 2022. The paid bonuses of key management for 2023 amount to EUR 1,649 thousand for the Company (2022: EUR 1,129 thousand) and include EUR 1,078 thousand of bonus paid in shares of the parent company, and for the Group EUR 1,935 thousand (2022: EUR 1,428 thousand) and include EUR 1,106 thousand of bonus paid in shares of the parent company.
29. Contingent liabilities
The Group has contingent liabilities in terms of issued collection instruments in the course of its business operations. It is unlikely that significant obligations could result from the above. The group has real estate with an estimated value of EUR 200 thousand (2022: EUR 212 thousand) on which there is a lien in favor of a third party. Also, as part of its regular operations, the Group has pledged financial assets worth EUR 1,3 m (2022: EUR 13.3m) as collateral.
On account of its principal activity, the Group is subject to legal disputes initiated by injured parties. Based on the opinions of legal advisors, the Management Board has assessed which legal disputes require provisions, since it is probable that the court will not rule in the Group’s favour. Legal disputes for which no provision have been made and were designated as contingent liabilities, it has been estimated that the final outcome will be in favour of the Group and that no outflow of resources will occur.
Provisions for legal disputes arising from claims incurred were provided for within claims provisions. The Management Board believes that these provisions are sufficient.
30. Commitments
As at 31 December 2023, the Company's contractual obligations for future investments amount to EUR 29,240 thousand based on binding bids for investments in venture capital funds (31 December 2022: EUR 44,862 thousand).
31. Audit of financial statements
The auditors of the Group’s financial statements have provided services in 2023 in the amount of EUR 571 thousand plus value added tax (2022: EUR 867 thousand plus value added tax). The Company was provided services in the amount of EUR 383 thousand plus value added tax (2022: EUR 663 thousand plus value added tax). Services in 2023 and 2022 relate to the costs of the statutory audit of annual financial statements and related audit services.
During 2023, PricewaterhouseCoopers d.o.o. (“PwC”) provided educational services while in 2022 it provided educational and advisory services. During 2023 and 2022, Deloitte d.o.o. provided permitted tax advisory services.
32. Events after the balance sheet date
On 19 January 2024, the Management Board and the Supervisory Board proposed to the General Assembly the payment of a dividend in the total amount of EUR 65,000,265.19, or EUR 151.27 per share. The Company has been operating successfully in the past years, with a growing level of profit and high capital adequacy rates. The Company was continuously highly capitalized (SCR ratio of the Company as of 31 December 2023 was 308%, i.e. at the consolidated level 262% and includes capital reduction for foreseeable dividends), despite geopolitical disturbances, a period of high inflation and natural disasters. The entry of the Republic of Croatia into the Eurozone additionally contributed positively to the above indicator. Considering all the above, the Management Board believes that it is able to pay the dividend to its shareholders without disrupting the stability of operations and while maintaining a high level of capital adequacy. On 5 March 2024, the General Assembly passed a decision on the payment of the dividend.
The Company announced that the member of the Management Board, Vančo Balen, will leave the company by 30 June 2024 on personal request, for private reasons.
Statements prescribed by the Ordinance of the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency
Pursuant to the Ordinance on the structure and content of financial statements and additional reports of insurance and reinsurance companies (Official Gazette 20/23) which was issued by the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency on the basis of the Insurance Act and the Accounting Act, below we present the separate and consolidated financial statements of the company CROATIA osiguranje d.d., Zagreb in the form required by the stated Ordinance.
The reconciliation between the financial statements, as prescribed by the Ordinance on the structure and content of the financial statements of insurance and reinsurance Companies, and the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework is presented in section entitled "Reconciliation of the financial statements and supplementary statements for the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency".
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION as at 31 December 2023

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Last day of the preceding business year | At the reporting date of the current period
Life | Non-life | Total | Life | Non-life | Total
001 | 002+003 | I | INTANGIBLE ASSETS | - | 15,417,577 | 15,417,577 | - | 15,767,439 | 15,767,439
002 |  | 1 | Goodwill | - | - | - | - | - | -
003 |  | 2 | Other intangible assets | - | 15,417,577 | 15,417,577 | - | 15,767,439 | 15,767,439
004 | 005+006+007 | II | TANGIBLE ASSETS | 1,876 | 64,214,569 | 64,216,445 | 1,874 | 62,695,828 | 62,697,702
005 |  | 1 | Land and buildings occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | - | 25,156,343 | 25,156,343 | - | 25,693,150 | 25,693,150
006 |  | 2 | Equipment | 1,865 | 3,336,148 | 3,338,013 | 1,865 | 3,252,574 | 3,254,439
007 |  | 3 | Other tangible assets and inventories | 11 | 35,722,078 | 35,722,089 | 9 | 33,750,104 | 33,750,113
008 | 009+010+014 | III | INVESTMENTS | 425,331,013 | 741,341,747 | 1,166,672,760 | 414,536,145 | 911,326,804 | 1,325,862,949
009 |  | A | Investments in land and buildings not occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | - | 69,394,239 | 69,394,239 | - | 67,925,833 | 67,925,833
010 | 011+012+013 | B | Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures | - | 51,511,754 | 51,511,754 | - | 54,530,904 | 54,530,904
011 |  | 1 | Shares and holdings in subsidiaries | - | 47,795,515 | 47,795,515 | - | 50,814,665 | 50,814,665
012 |  | 2 | Shares and holdings in associates | - | - | - | - | - | -
013 |  | 3 | Shares and holdings in joint ventures | - | 3,716,239 | 3,716,239 | - | 3,716,239 | 3,716,239
014 | 015+020+025 | C | Financial assets | 425,331,013 | 620,435,754 | 1,045,766,767 | 414,536,145 | 788,870,067 | 1,203,406,212
015 | 016 + 017 + 018 + 019 | 1 | Financial assets at amortised cost | 168,835,029 | 198,485,282 | 367,320,311 | 154,503,708 | 240,561,618 | 395,065,326
016 |  | 1.1 | Debt financial instruments | 152,507,760 | 139,120,115 | 291,627,875 | 149,614,053 | 135,454,920 | 285,068,973
017 |  | 1.2 | Deposits with credit institutions | 12,968,343 | 4,500,651 | 17,468,994 | 2,305,593 | 51,209,284 | 53,514,877
018 |  | 1.3. | Loans | 3,358,926 | 38,360,372 | 41,719,298 | 2,584,062 | 40,568,705 | 43,152,767
019 |  | 1.4. | Other | - | 16,504,144 | 16,504,144 | - | 13,328,709 | 13,328,709
020 | 021 + 022 + 023 + 024 | 2 | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 230,474,667 | 417,459,533 | 647,934,200 | 200,697,053 | 472,000,910 | 672,697,963
021 |  | 2.1 | Equity financial instruments | 11,158,812 | 91,588,426 | 102,747,238 | 13,239,174 | 125,573,254 | 138,812,428
022 |  | 2.2 | Debt financial instruments | 202,595,938 | 290,496,489 | 493,092,427 | 187,457,879 | 346,427,656 | 533,885,535
023 |  | 2.3. | Units in investment funds | 16,719,917 | 35,374,618 | 52,094,535 | - | - | -
024 |  | 2.4. | Other | - | - | - | - | - | -
025 | 026 + 027+…. +030 | 3 | Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | 26,021,317 | 4,490,939 | 30,512,256 | 59,335,384 | 76,307,539 | 135,642,923
026 |  | 3.1 | Equity financial instruments | - | 2,973,816 | 2,973,816 | - | 387,390 | 387,390
027 |  | 3.2 | Debt financial instruments | - | - | - | - | 10,963,850 | 10,963,850
028 |  | 3.3. | Units in investment funds | 25,732,534 | - | 25,732,534 | 59,238,385 | 64,567,129 | 123,805,514
029 |  | 3.4. | Derivative financial instruments | 288,783 | 1,517,123 | 1,805,906 | 96,999 | 389,170 | 486,169
030 |  | 3.5 | Other | - | - | - | - | - | -
031 | 032 + 036 +040 | IV | ASSETS FROM INSURANCE CONTRACTS | - | 22,924,424 | 22,924,424 | - | 16,997,313 | 16,997,313
032 | 034+035+036 | 1 | General measurement model | - | 14,678,731 | 14,678,731 | - | 13,311,689 | 13,311,689
033 |  | 1.1. | - Assets for remaining coverage | - | (1,754,363) | (1,754,363) | - | (1,477,798) | (1,477,798)
034 |  | 1.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
035 |  | 1.3. | - Assets from claims incurred | - | 16,433,094 | 16,433,094 | - | 14,789,487 | 14,789,487
036 | 037+038+039 | 2 | Variable fee approach | - | - | - | - | - | -
037 |  | 2.1. | - Assets for remaining coverage | - | - | - | - | - | -
038 |  | 2.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
039 |  | 2.3. | - Assets from claims incurred | - | - | - | - | - | -
040 | 041 +042 +043 | 3 | Premium allocation approach | - | 8,245,693 | 8,245,693 | - | 3,685,624 | 3,685,624
041 |  | 3.1. | - Assets for remaining coverage | - | 13,197,514 | 13,197,514 | - | 6,049,909 | 6,049,909
042 |  | 3.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
043 |  | 3.3. | - Assets from claims incurred | - | (4,951,821) | (4,951,821) | - | (2,364,285) | (2,364,285)
044 |  | V | ASSETS FROM REINSURANCE CONTRACTS | 8,518 | 41,196,418 | 41,204,936 | - | 49,916,652 | 49,916,652
045 | 046 +047 | VI | DEFERRED AND CURRENT TAX ASSETS | 3,017,064 | 9,377,929 | 12,394,993 | 458,066 | 8,121,850 | 8,579,916
046 |  | 1 | Deferred tax assets | 3,017,064 | 9,326,572 | 12,343,636 | 458,066 | 8,121,850 | 8,579,916
047 |  | 2 | Current tax assets | - | 51,357 | 51,357 | - | - | -
048 |  | VII | OTHER ASSETS | 14,472,776 | 119,852,470 | 134,325,246 | 136,525 | 31,467,371 | 31,603,896
049 | 050 +051 +052 | 1 | CASH AT BANK AND IN HAND | 13,754,375 | 92,411,991 | 106,166,366 | 75,348 | 1,587,146 | 1,662,494
050 |  | 1.1 | Funds in the business account | - | 92,411,991 | 92,411,991 | - | 1,587,146 | 1,587,146
051 |  | 1.2 | Funds in the account of assets covering liabilities from life insurance contracts | 13,754,375 | - | 13,754,375 | 75,348 | - | 75,348
052 |  | 1.3 | Cash in hand | - | - | - | - | - | -
053 |  | 2 | Fixed assets held for sale and discontinued operations | - | - | - | - | - | -
054 |  | 3 | Other | 718,401 | 27,440,479 | 28,158,880 | 61,177 | 29,880,225 | 29,941,402
055 | 001+004+008+031+044+045+048 | VIII | TOTAL ASSETS | 442,831,247 | 1,014,325,134 | 1,457,156,381 | 415,132,610 | 1,096,293,257 | 1,511,425,867
056 |  | IX | OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS | 12,991,875 | 98,037,303 | 111,029,178 | 11,945,389 | 67,272,777 | 79,218,166

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION as at 31 December 2023

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Last day of the preceding business year | At the reporting date of the current period
Life | Non-life | Total | Life | Non-life | Total
057 | 058+061+062+066+067+071+074 | X | CAPITAL AND RESERVES | 69,238,047 | 553,493,143 | 622,731,190 | 65,307,009 | 599,127,674 | 664,434,683
058 | 059 +060 | 1 | Subscribed capital | 5,878,123 | 72,338,852 | 78,216,975 | 5,881,322 | 72,414,820 | 78,296,142
059 |  | 1.1 | Paid in capital - ordinary shares | 5,878,123 | 72,338,852 | 78,216,975 | 5,881,322 | 72,414,820 | 78,296,142
060 |  | 1.2 | Paid in capital - preference shares | - | - | - | - | - | -
061 |  | 2 | Premium on shares issued (capital reserves) | - | 90,448,275 | 90,448,275 | - | 90,448,275 | 90,448,275
062 | 063 +064 +065 | 3 | Revaluation reserves | (8,834,521) | 26,257,657 | 17,423,136 | (3,824,142) | 50,745,483 | 46,921,341
063 |  | 3.1 | Land and buildings | - | 6,238,962 | 6,238,962 | - | 5,831,786 | 5,831,786
064 |  | 3.2 | Financial assets | (8,834,521) | 20,018,695 | 11,184,174 | (3,824,142) | 44,913,697 | 41,089,555
065 |  | 3.3 | Other revaluation reserves | - | - | - | - | - | -
066 |  | 4 | Financial reserves from insurance contracts | 40,500,822 | 29,216,899 | 69,717,721 | 18,486,074 | 12,866,232 | 31,352,306
067 | 068+069+070 | 5 | Reserves | 11,320,716 | 42,038,973 | 53,359,689 | 11,317,518 | 41,961,359 | 53,278,877
068 |  | 5.1. | Legal reserves | 293,906 | 3,698,235 | 3,992,141 | 293,906 | 3,698,235 | 3,992,141
069 |  | 5.2. | Statutory reserve | 1,006,238 | 18,533,214 | 19,539,452 | 1,003,040 | 18,455,600 | 19,458,640
070 |  | 5.3. | Other reserves | 10,020,572 | 19,807,524 | 29,828,096 | 10,020,572 | 19,807,524 | 29,828,096
071 | 072+073 | 6 | Retained profit or loss brought forward | 9,943,423 | 257,996,104 | 267,939,527 | 20,394,811 | 296,863,131 | 317,257,942
072 |  | 6.1. | Retained profit | 9,943,423 | 257,996,104 | 267,939,527 | 20,394,811 | 296,863,131 | 317,257,942
073 |  | 6.2. | Loss brought forward (-) | - | - | - | - | - | -
074 | 075+076 | 7 | Profit or loss for the current accounting period | 10,429,484 | 35,196,383 | 45,625,867 | 13,051,426 | 33,828,374 | 46,879,800
075 |  | 7.1. | Profit for the current accounting period | 10,429,484 | 35,196,383 | 45,625,867 | 13,051,426 | 33,828,374 | 46,879,800
076 |  | 7.2. | Loss for the current accounting period (-) | - | - | - | - | - | -
077 |  | XI | SUBORDINATE LIABILITIES | - | - | - | - | - | -
078 |  | XII | MINORITY INTEREST | - | - | - | - | - | -
079 | 080+084+088 | XIII | LIABILITIES FROM INSURANCE CONTRACTS | 360,955,934 | 341,537,790 | 702,493,724 | 342,823,644 | 389,298,289 | 732,121,933
080 | 081+082+083 | 1 | General measurement model | 330,870,677 | 9,723,031 | 340,593,708 | 324,771,568 | 8,396,725 | 333,168,293
081 |  | 1.1. | - Liabilities for remaining coverage | 320,769,292 | 9,253,014 | 330,022,306 | 313,539,221 | 8,048,781 | 321,588,002
082 |  | 1.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
083 |  | 1.3. | - Liabilities for claims incurred | 10,101,385 | 470,017 | 10,571,402 | 11,232,347 | 347,944 | 11,580,291
084 | 085+086+087 | 2 | Variable fee approach | 30,085,257 | - | 30,085,257 | 18,052,076 | - | 18,052,076
085 |  | 2.1. | - Liabilities for remaining coverage | 25,356,882 | - | 25,356,882 | 15,141,549 | - | 15,141,549
086 |  | 2.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
087 |  | 2.3. | - Liabilities for claims incurred | 4,728,375 | - | 4,728,375 | 2,910,527 | - | 2,910,527
088 | 089 +090 +091 | 3 | Premium allocation approach | - | 331,814,759 | 331,814,759 | - | 380,901,564 | 380,901,564
089 |  | 3.1. | - Liabilities for remaining coverage | - | 72,555,381 | 72,555,381 | - | 90,040,730 | 90,040,730
090 |  | 3.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
091 |  | 3.3. | - Liabilities for claims incurred | - | 259,259,378 | 259,259,378 | - | 290,860,834 | 290,860,834
092 |  | XIV | LIABILITIES FROM REINSURANCE CONTRACTS | - | 1,961,479 | 1,961,479 | - | 1,910,081 | 1,910,081
093 |  | XV | LIABILITY FOR INVESTMENT CONTRACTS | - | - | - | - | - | -
094 | 095+096 | XVI | OTHER PROVISIONS | 397,164 | 6,488,254 | 6,885,418 | 393,671 | 6,701,443 | 7,095,114
095 |  | 1 | Provisions for pensions and similar obligations | 397,164 | 6,139,886 | 6,537,050 | 393,671 | 6,373,814 | 6,767,485
096 |  | 2 | Other provisions | - | 348,368 | 348,368 | - | 327,629 | 327,629
097 | 098+099 | XVII | DEFERRED AND CURRENT TAX LIABILITIES | 6,951,139 | 25,891,347 | 32,842,486 | 3,159,934 | 24,632,839 | 27,792,773
098 |  | 1 | Deferred tax liability | 6,951,139 | 24,513,186 | 31,464,325 | 3,159,934 | 13,694,907 | 16,854,841
099 |  | 2 | Current tax liability | - | 1,378,161 | 1,378,161 | - | 10,937,932 | 10,937,932
100 | 101+102+…+105 | XVIII | FINANCIAL LIABILITIES | 3,695 | 48,403,393 | 48,407,088 | 18,872 | 37,130,100 | 37,148,972
101 |  | 1 | Loan liabilities | - | - | - | - | - | -
102 |  | 2 | Liabilities for issued financial instruments | - | - | - | - | - | -
103 |  | 3 | Liabilities for derivative financial instruments | 3,277 | 78,954 | 82,231 | 18,872 | 72,193 | 91,065
104 |  | 4 | Liability for unpaid dividend | - | 208,571 | 208,571 | - | 208,602 | 208,602
105 |  | 5 | Other financial liabilities | 418 | 48,115,868 | 48,116,286 | - | 36,849,305 | 36,849,305
106 | 107+108+109 | XIX | OTHER LIABILITIES | 5,285,268 | 36,549,728 | 41,834,996 | 3,429,480 | 37,492,831 | 40,922,311
107 |  | 1 | Liabilities for disposal and discontinued operations | - | - | - | - | - | -
108 |  | 2 | Accruals and deferred income | 1,760,499 | 13,151,283 | 14,911,782 | 2,414,266 | 13,285,156 | 15,699,422
109 |  | 3 | Other liabilities | 3,524,769 | 23,398,445 | 26,923,214 | 1,015,214 | 24,207,675 | 25,222,889
110 | 057+077+078+079+092+093+094+097+100+106 | XX | TOTAL LIABILITIES | 442,831,247 | 1,014,325,134 | 1,457,156,381 | 415,132,610 | 1,096,293,257 | 1,511,425,867
111 |  | XXI | OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS | 12,991,875 | 98,037,303 | 111,029,178 | 11,945,389 | 67,272,777 | 79,218,166
Note: Item 078 to be filled in by companies preparing consolidated financial statements

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME for the period 1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023

in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Last day of the preceding business year | At the reporting date of the current period
Life | Non-life | Total | Life | Non-life | Total
001 | 002 + 003 + 004 | I | Income from insurance contracts | 5,488,069 | 351,740,584 | 357,228,653 | 6,442,425 | 388,941,716 | 395,384,141
002 |  | 1 | General measurement model | 5,106,730 | 3,363,416 | 8,470,146 | 6,011,724 | 3,428,781 | 9,440,505
003 |  | 2 | Variable fee approach | 381,339 | - | 381,339 | 430,701 | - | 430,701
004 |  | 3 | Premium allocation approach | - | 348,377,168 | 348,377,168 | - | 385,512,935 | 385,512,935
005 | 006+007+….+012 | II | Expenditure from insurance contracts | (6,392,543) | (319,115,902) | (325,508,445) | (2,565,385) | (373,366,005) | (375,931,390)
006 |  | 1 | Claims incurred | (1,236,236) | (197,019,455) | (198,255,691) | (1,198,185) | (256,516,442) | (257,714,627)
007 |  | 2 | Commissions | (169,904) | (36,770,754) | (36,940,658) | (304,955) | (39,607,432) | (39,912,387)
008 |  | 3 | Other expenses related to the sale of insurance | - | (39,059,491) | (39,059,491) | - | (38,509,840) | (38,509,840)
009 |  | 4 | Other insurance service expenses | (2,926,909) | (54,548,918) | (57,475,827) | (2,059,534) | (58,223,236) | (60,282,770)
010 |  | 5 | Depreciation of insurance acquisition costs | - | - | - | - | - | -
011 |  | 6 | Losses and reversal of losses on onerous contracts | (1,862,038) | 71,980 | (1,790,058) | 1,745,892 | 401,603 | 2,147,495
012 |  | 7 | Change in liabilities for claims incurred | (197,456) | 8,210,736 | 8,013,280 | (748,603) | 19,089,342 | 18,340,739
013 | 014 + 015 | III | Net result of (passive) reinsurance contracts | (795) | (11,306,736) | (11,307,531) | (674) | (7,676,594) | (7,677,268)
014 |  | 1 | Income from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | 32,468,310 | 32,468,310 | - | 40,881,723 | 40,881,723
015 |  | 2 | Expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | (795) | (43,775,046) | (43,775,841) | (674) | (48,558,317) | (48,558,991)
016 | 001 + 005 + 013 | IV | Result from insurance contracts | (905,269) | 21,317,946 | 20,412,677 | 3,876,366 | 7,899,117 | 11,775,483
017 | 018 + 023 + 024 + 025 + 026 + 027 + 031 + 032 + 033 +034 | V | Net investment result | 11,800,172 | 30,239,169 | 42,039,341 | 13,280,875 | 38,933,160 | 52,214,035
018 | 019 + 020 + 021 + 022 | 1 | Net result from investment in land and buildings | - | 4,943,104 | 4,943,104 | - | 4,691,458 | 4,691,458
019 |  | 1.1. | Rental gains/losses (net) | - | 3,602,651 | 3,602,651 | - | 3,759,221 | 3,759,221
020 |  | 1.2. | Realised gains/losses (net) from property not for own use | - | 488,812 | 488,812 | - | 36,808 | 36,808
021 |  | 1.3. | Unrealised gains/losses (net) from property not for own use | - | 851,641 | 851,641 | - | 895,429 | 895,429
022 |  | 1.4. | Depreciation of land and buildings not occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | - | - | - | - | - | -
023 |  | 2 | Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 10,928,678 | 12,199,814 | 23,128,492 | 9,858,820 | 17,365,397 | 27,224,217
024 |  | 3 | Other interest income | - | 24,964 | 24,964 | 116,984 | 998,340 | 1,115,324
025 |  | 4 | Dividend income | 753,166 | 8,940,213 | 9,693,379 | 1,002,071 | 13,669,878 | 14,671,949
026 |  | 5 | Unrealised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 244,898 | 736,660 | 981,558 | 1,270,672 | 2,606,391 | 3,877,063
027 | 028 + 029 + 030 | 6 | Realised gains/losses | 550,379 | 1,678,041 | 2,228,420 | 653,913 | 692,816 | 1,346,729
028 |  | 6.1. | Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | (28,668) | (2,023,341) | (2,052,009) | 504,429 | 553,321 | 1,057,750
029 |  | 6.2. | Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 579,047 | 3,701,382 | 4,280,429 | 149,484 | 139,495 | 288,979
030 |  | 6.3. | Other realised gains/losses (net) | - | - | - | - | - | -
031 |  | 7 | Net impairment / reversal of impairment of investments | (137,038) | 1,239,725 | 1,102,687 | 370,422 | 1,648,720 | 2,019,142
032 |  | 8 | Net exchange rate differences | 800,073 | 2,220,063 | 3,020,136 | (159,257) | (804,843) | (964,100)
033 |  | 9 | Other income from investments | (1,196,105) | 301,298 | (894,807) | 267,525 | 33,203 | 300,728
034 |  | 10 | Other expenditure from investments | (143,879) | (2,044,713) | (2,188,592) | (100,275) | (1,968,200) | (2,068,475)

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME for the period 1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023

in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Last day of the preceding business year | At the reporting date of the current period
Life | Non-life | Total | Life | Non-life | Total
035 | 036 + 037 + 038 | VI | Net financial expenditure from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts | 1,967,512 | 518,063 | 2,485,575 | (1,150,771) | (2,899,132) | (4,049,903)
036 |  | 1 | Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | 1,967,512 | 471,679 | 2,439,191 | (1,150,772) | (3,572,631) | (4,723,403)
037 |  | 2 | Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | 46,384 | 46,384 | 1 | 673,499 | 673,500
038 |  | 3 | Change of liability for investment contracts | - | - | - | - | - | -
039 |  | VII | Other income | 101,331 | 7,203,905 | 7,305,236 | 16,346 | 6,085,190 | 6,101,536
040 |  | VIII | Other operating expenses | (303,217) | (16,450,364) | (16,753,581) | (187,160) | (9,282,656) | (9,469,816)
041 |  | IX | Other financial expenses | (62,160) | (1,378,425) | (1,440,585) | (35,670) | (1,382,005) | (1,417,675)
042 |  | X | Share of profit of companies consolidated using equity method, net of tax | - | - | - | - | - | -
043 | 001+005+013+016+017+035+039+040+041+042 | XI | Profit or loss of the accounting period before tax (+/-) | 12,598,369 | 41,450,294 | 54,048,663 | 15,799,986 | 39,353,674 | 55,153,660
044 | 045 + 046 | XII | Tax on profit or loss | (2,168,885) | (6,253,911) | (8,422,796) | (2,748,560) | (5,525,300) | (8,273,860)
045 |  | 1 | Current tax expense | (1,586,496) | (5,985,711) | (7,572,207) | (253,135) | (17,747,082) | (18,000,217)
046 |  | 2 | Deferred tax expense/ income | (582,389) | (268,200) | (850,589) | (2,495,425) | 12,221,782 | 9,726,357
047 | 043+ 044 | XIII | Profit or loss of the accounting period after tax (+/-) | 10,429,484 | 35,196,383 | 45,625,867 | 13,051,426 | 33,828,374 | 46,879,800
048 |  | 1 | Attributable to owners of the parent |  |  | - |  |  | -
049 |  | 2 | Attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | - |  |  | -
050 | 051 + 056 | XIV | Other comprehensive income | 16,386,138 | (13,394,463) | 2,991,675 | (16,631,780) | 12,289,417 | (4,342,363)
051 | 052 + 053 + 054 + 055 | 1 | Items that will not be reclassified to statement of profit or loss | - | (127,891) | (127,891) | 889,652 | 18,094,689 | 18,984,341
052 |  | 1.1. | Net change in fair value of equity securities (OCI) | - | - | - | 1,084,941 | 22,203,434 | 23,288,375
053 |  | 1.2. | Actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit pension plans | - | - | - | - | - | -
054 |  | 1.3. | Other | - | (155,965) | (155,965) | - | (136,740) | (136,740)
055 |  | 1.4. | Tax | - | 28,074 | 28,074 | (195,289) | (3,972,005) | (4,167,294)
056 | 057 + 058 + ...+ 063 | 2 | Items that are, or may be, reclassified to statement of profit or loss | 16,386,138 | (13,266,572) | 3,119,566 | (17,521,432) | (5,805,272) | (23,326,704)
057 |  | 2.1. | Net change in fair value of debt securities (OCI) | (29,593,229) | (65,036,598) | (94,629,827) | 5,479,653 | 12,860,238 | 18,339,891
058 |  | 2.2. | Exchange rate differences from translation of foreign operations | - | (8,994) | (8,994) | - | - | -
059 |  | 2.3. | Effects of hedging instruments | - | - | - | - | - | -
060 |  | 2.4. | Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | 49,391,256 | 35,669,647 | 85,060,903 | (26,847,263) | (21,085,808) | (47,933,071)
061 |  | 2.5. | Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | (10) | (2,700,320) | (2,700,330) | 10 | 1,151,777 | 1,151,787
062 |  | 2.6. | Other | 185,078 | 15,888,480 | 16,073,558 | - | - | -
063 |  | 2.7. | Tax | (3,596,957) | 2,921,213 | (675,744) | 3,846,168 | 1,268,521 | 5,114,689
064 | 047+ 050 | XV | Total comprehensive income | 26,815,622 | 21,801,920 | 48,617,542 | (3,580,354) | 46,117,791 | 42,537,437
065 |  | 1 | Attributable to owners of the parent | - | - | - | - | - | -
066 |  | 2 | Attributable to non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | -
067 |  | XVI | Reclassification adjustments | - | - | - | - | - | -
Note: Items 042, 065 and 066 to be filled in by companies preparing consolidated financial statements |  |  |  |  |

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (INDIRECT METHOD) for the period 1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023

in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Current business period | Same period of the previous year
001 | 002+018+035 + 036 + 037 | I | CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | (93,246,235) | 42,616,628
002 | 003+004 | 1 | Cash flow before changes in operating assets and liabilities | 15,263,969 | 34,590,069
003 |  | 1.1 | Profit/loss of the accounting period | 46,879,800 | 45,625,867
004 | 005+006+…..+017 | 1.2 | Adjustments: | (31,615,831) | (11,035,798)
005 |  | 1.2.1 | Depreciation of property and equipment | 5,047,212 | 4,791,481
006 |  | 1.2.2 | Amortization of intangible assets | 3,849,838 | 3,282,370
007 |  | 1.2.3 | Loss from impairment of intangible assets | - | 6,079,980
008 |  | 1.2.4 | Other financial cost | - | -
009 |  | 1.2.5 | Impairment and gains/losses on fair valuation | (5,674,537) | (1,884,509)
010 |  | 1.2.6 | Interest expenses | 1,417,675 | 1,440,586
011 |  | 1.2.7 | Interest income | (28,339,541) | (23,153,457)
012 |  | 1.2.8 | Profit from the sale of branch | - | -
013 |  | 1.2.9 | Share in profit of associates | - | -
014 |  | 1.2.10 | Equity-settled share-based payment transactions | - | -
015 |  | 1.2.11 | Cost of income tax | 8,273,860 | 8,422,796
016 |  | 1.2.12 | Profit/loss from the sale of tangible assets (including land and buildings) | (459,815) | (6,542)
017 |  | 1.2.13 | Other adjustments | (15,730,523) | (10,008,503)
018 | 019+020+…+034 | 2 | Increase/decrease in operating assets and liabilities | (140,677,445) | (17,984,089)
019 |  | 2.1 | Increase/decrease in financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 17,688,109 | (43,777,884)
020 |  | 2.2 | Increase/decrease in financial assets at fair value through statement of profit or loss | (101,378,844) | 21,300,200
021 |  | 2.3 | Increase/decrease in financial assets at amortised cost | (28,517,561) | 27,226,229
022 |  | 2.4 | Increase/decrease in assets/liabilities from insurance contracts | (13,350,992) | (35,918,115)
023 |  | 2.5 | Increase/decrease in assets/liabilities from reinsurance contracts | (7,611,328) | (7,337,365)
024 |  | 2.6 | Increase/decrease in tax assets | 52,058 | 1,227,690
025 |  | 2.7 | Increase/decrease in receivables | - | -
026 |  | 2.8 | Increase/decrease in investments in real estate | 1,468,406 | 166,352
027 |  | 2.9 | Increase/decrease in property for own use | - | -
028 |  | 2.10 | Increase/decrease in other assets | 1,469,828 | 7,550,582
029 |  | 2.11 | Increase/decrease in liabilities from investment contracts | - | -
030 |  | 2.12 | Increase/decrease in other provisions | 209,695 | (1,177,719)
031 |  | 2.13 | Increase/decrease in tax liabilities | (599,497) | 15,150,545
032 |  | 2.14 | Increase/decrease in financial liabilities | (10,417,085) | (694,073)
033 |  | 2.15 | Increase/decrease in other liabilities | (1,552,892) | (2,187,527)
034 |  | 2.16 | Increase/decrease in accruals and deferred income | 1,862,658 | 486,996
035 |  | 3 | Income tax paid | (7,831,350) | (9,933,221)
036 |  | 4 | Interest received | 25,659,143 | 26,319,854
037 |  | 5 | Dividend received | 14,339,448 | 9,624,015
038 | 039+040+…+045 | II | CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | (7,754,172) | (9,818,866)
039 |  | 1 | Cash receipts from the sale of tangible assets | 908,789 | 61,691
040 |  | 2 | Cash payments for the purchase of tangible assets | (1,783,126) | (2,424,364)
041 |  | 3 | Cash receipts from the sale of intangible assets | - | -
042 |  | 4 | Cash payments for the purchase of intangible assets | (4,379,835) | (6,865,391)
043 |  | 5 | Cash receipts from the sale of branches, associates and joint ventures | - | -
044 |  | 6 | Cash payments for the purchase of branches, associates and joint ventures | - | -
045 |  | 7 | Cash receipts and payments based on other investing activities | (2,500,000) | (590,802)
046 | 047+048+...+057 | III | CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | (3,491,366) | (3,149,230)
047 |  | 1 | Cash receipts resulting from the increase of initial capital | - | -
048 |  | 2 | Cash receipts from issuing redeemable preference shares | - | -
049 |  | 3 | Cash receipts from short-term and long-term loans received | - | -
050 |  | 4 | Cash receipts from sales of own shares | - | -
051 |  | 5 | Cash receipts from exercise of share options | - | -
052 |  | 6 | Cash payments relating to redeemable preference shares | - | -
053 |  | 7 | Cash payments for the repayment of short-term and long-term loans received | - | -
054 |  | 8 | Cash payments for the redemption of own shares | - | -
055 |  | 9 | Cash payments for interest | - | -
056 |  | 10 | Cash payments for dividend | (130,068) | (130,068)
057 |  | 11 | Cash payments for rental obligations | (3,361,298) | (3,019,162)
058 | 001+038+046 | IV | NET CASH FLOW | (104,491,773) | 29,648,532
059 |  | V | EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (12,099) | (333,030)
060 | 058+059 | VI | NET INCREASE/DECREASE OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (104,503,872) | 29,315,502
061 |  | 1 | Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period | 106,166,366 | 76,850,864
062 | 060+061 | 2 | Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period | 1,662,494 | 106,166,366
Note: Cash flow impairing items are to be indicated with a negative sign

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY for the period 1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023

in EUR
Item number | Item | Attributable to owners of the parent | Attributable to non-controlling interests* | Total capital and reserves
Paid in capital (ordinary and preference shares) | Premium on shares issued | Revaluation reserves | Financial reserves from insurance contracts | Capital reserves (legal, statutory, other) | Retained profit or loss brought forward | Profit/loss for the year | Total capital and reserves
I. | Balance as at 1 January of the previous year | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 82,048,316 | - | 53,359,689 | 184,570,564 | 44,344,453 | 532,988,272 | - | 532,988,272
1. | Change in accounting policies | - | - | - | 2,173,020 | - | 38,936,517 | - | 41,109,537 | - | 41,109,537
2. | Correction of errors from prior periods | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
II. | Balance as at 1 January of the previous year (restated) | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 82,048,316 | 2,173,020 | 53,359,689 | 223,507,081 | 44,344,453 | 574,097,809 | - | 574,097,809
III. | Comprehensive income or loss for the previous year | - | - | (64,553,026) | 67,544,701 | - | - | 45,625,867 | 48,617,542 | - | 48,617,542
1. | Profit or loss for the period | - | - | - | - | - | - | 45,625,867 | 45,625,867 | - | 45,625,867
2. | Other comprehensive income or loss for the previous year | - | - | (64,553,026) | 67,544,701 | - | - | - | 2,991,675 | - | 2,991,675
2.1. | Unrealised gains or losses on tangible assets (land and buildings) | - | - | (127,891) | - | - | - | - | (127,891) | - | (127,891)
2.2. | Unrealised gains or losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | - | - | (60,765,666) | - | - | - | - | (60,765,666) | - | (60,765,666)
2.3. | Realised gains or losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | - | - | (3,650,475) | - | - | - | - | (3,650,475) | - | (3,650,475)
2.4. | Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | - | - | - | 69,758,971 | - | - | - | 69,758,971 | - | 69,758,971
2.5. | Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | - | - | (2,214,270) | - | - | - | (2,214,270) | - | (2,214,270)
2.6. | Other changes in equity unrelated to owners | - | - | (8,994) | - | - | - | - | (8,994) | - | (8,994)
IV. | Transactions with owners (previous period) | - | - | (72,154) | - | - | 44,432,446 | (44,344,453) | 15,839 | - | 15,839
1. | Increase/decrease in subscribed capital | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
2. | Other contributions by owners | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
3. | Payment of share in profit/dividend | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
4. | Other distribution to owners | - | - | (72,154) | - | - | 44,432,446 | (44,344,453) | 15,839 | - | 15,839
V. | Balance on the last day of the previous year reporting period | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 17,423,136 | 69,717,721 | 53,359,689 | 267,939,527 | 45,625,867 | 622,731,190 | - | 622,731,190
VI. | Balance as at 1 January of the current year | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 17,423,136 | 69,717,721 | 53,359,689 | 267,939,527 | 45,625,867 | 622,731,190 | - | 622,731,190
1. | Change in accounting policies | - | - | (3,333,388) | - | - | 2,489,732 | - | (843,656) | - | (843,656)
2. | Correction of errors from prior periods | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
VII. | Balance as at 1 January of the current year (restated) | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 14,089,748 | 69,717,721 | 53,359,689 | 270,429,259 | 45,625,867 | 621,887,534 | - | 621,887,534
VIII. | Comprehensive income or loss for the year | - | - | 34,023,052 | (38,365,415) | - | - | 46,879,800 | 42,537,437 | - | 42,537,437
1. | Profit or loss for the period | - | - | - | - | - | - | 46,879,800 | 46,879,800 | - | 46,879,800
2. | Other comprehensive income or loss for the year | - | - | 34,023,052 | (38,365,415) | - | - | - | (4,342,363) | - | (4,342,363)
2.1. | Unrealised gains or losses on tangible assets (land and buildings) | - | - | (112,126) | - | - | - | - | (112,126) | - | (112,126)
2.2. | Unrealised gains or losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | - | - | 34,372,141 | - | - | - | - | 34,372,141 | - | 34,372,141
2.3. | Realised gains or losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | - | - | (236,963) | - | - | - | - | (236,963) | - | (236,963)
2.4. | Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | - | - | - | (39,309,880) | - | - | - | (39,309,880) | - | (39,309,880)
2.5. | Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | - | - | 944,465 | - | - | - | 944,465 | - | 944,465
2.6. | Other changes in equity unrelated to owners | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
IX. | Transactions with owners (current period) | 79,167 | - | (1,191,459) | - | (80,812) | 46,828,683 | (45,625,867) | 9,712 | - | 9,712
1. | Increase/decrease in subscribed capital | 79,167 | - | - | - | (80,812) | - | - | (1,645) | - | (1,645)
2. | Other contributions by owners | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
3. | Payment of share in profit/dividend | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
4. | Other transactions with owners | - | - | (1,191,459) | - | - | 46,828,683 | (45,625,867) | 11,357 | - | 11,357
X. | Balance on the last day of the current year reporting period | 78,296,142 | 90,448,275 | 46,921,341 | 31,352,306 | 53,278,877 | 317,257,942 | 46,879,800 | 664,434,683 | - | 664,434,683
Note: * To be filled in by companies preparing consolidated financial statements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION as at 31 December 2023

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Last day of the preceding business year | At the reporting date of the current period
Life | Non-life | Total | Life | Non-life | Total
001 | 002+003 | I | INTANGIBLE ASSETS | 65,477 | 17,718,670 | 17,784,147 | 102,246 | 19,288,355 | 19,390,601
002 |  | 1 | Goodwill | - | - | - | - | - | -
003 |  | 2 | Other intangible assets | 65,477 | 17,718,670 | 17,784,147 | 102,246 | 19,288,355 | 19,390,601
004 | 005+006+007 | II | TANGIBLE ASSETS | 2,271,990 | 108,697,263 | 110,969,253 | 2,927,960 | 117,957,398 | 120,885,358
005 |  | 1 | Land and buildings occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | 1,794,891 | 54,949,389 | 56,744,280 | 1,768,627 | 56,778,984 | 58,547,611
006 |  | 2 | Equipment | 59,674 | 11,318,757 | 11,378,431 | 182,736 | 15,633,777 | 15,816,513
007 |  | 3 | Other tangible assets and inventories | 417,425 | 42,429,117 | 42,846,542 | 976,597 | 45,544,637 | 46,521,234
008 | 009+010+014 | III | INVESTMENTS | 501,499,315 | 813,008,660 | 1,314,507,975 | 492,376,160 | 996,877,357 | 1,489,253,517
009 |  | A | Investments in land and buildings not occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | 165,000 | 138,275,026 | 138,440,026 | 164,500 | 138,524,858 | 138,689,358
010 | 011+012+013 | B | Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures | - | 9,659,044 | 9,659,044 | - | 10,122,639 | 10,122,639
011 |  | 1 | Shares and holdings in subsidiaries | - | - | - | - | - | -
012 |  | 2 | Shares and holdings in associates | - | 701,884 | 701,884 | - | 788,729 | 788,729
013 |  | 3 | Shares and holdings in joint ventures | - | 8,957,160 | 8,957,160 | - | 9,333,910 | 9,333,910
014 | 015+020+025 | C | Financial assets | 501,334,315 | 665,074,590 | 1,166,408,905 | 492,211,660 | 848,229,860 | 1,340,441,520
015 | 016 + 017 + 018 + 019 | 1 | Financial assets at amortised cost | 197,413,556 | 203,402,056 | 400,815,612 | 182,397,299 | 255,469,798 | 437,867,097
016 |  | 1.1 | Debt financial instruments | 159,145,153 | 144,688,843 | 303,833,996 | 156,217,211 | 145,582,408 | 301,799,619
017 |  | 1.2 | Deposits with credit institutions | 33,922,348 | 38,527,390 | 72,449,738 | 22,641,157 | 93,538,693 | 116,179,850
018 |  | 1.3. | Loans | 4,346,055 | 3,681,679 | 8,027,734 | 3,538,931 | 3,019,988 | 6,558,919
019 |  | 1.4. | Other | - | 16,504,144 | 16,504,144 | - | 13,328,709 | 13,328,709
020 | 021 + 022 + 023 + 024 | 2 | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 273,175,398 | 453,002,354 | 726,177,752 | 244,485,383 | 512,244,458 | 756,729,841
021 |  | 2.1 | Equity financial instruments | 11,158,812 | 91,588,476 | 102,747,288 | 13,239,174 | 125,573,304 | 138,812,478
022 |  | 2.2 | Debt financial instruments | 245,296,669 | 326,039,260 | 571,335,929 | 231,246,209 | 386,671,154 | 617,917,363
023 |  | 2.3. | Units in investment funds | 16,719,917 | 35,374,618 | 52,094,535 | - | - | -
024 |  | 2.4. | Other | - | - | - | - | - | -
025 | 026 + 027+…. +030 | 3 | Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | 30,745,361 | 8,670,180 | 39,415,541 | 65,328,978 | 80,515,604 | 145,844,582
026 |  | 3.1 | Equity financial instruments | - | 2,973,816 | 2,973,816 | - | 387,390 | 387,390
027 |  | 3.2 | Debt financial instruments | - | - | - | - | 10,963,850 | 10,963,850
028 |  | 3.3. | Units in investment funds | 30,456,578 | 4,179,241 | 34,635,819 | 65,231,979 | 68,775,194 | 134,007,173
029 |  | 3.4. | Derivative financial instruments | 288,783 | 1,517,123 | 1,805,906 | 96,999 | 389,170 | 486,169
030 |  | 3.5 | Other | - | - | - | - | - | -
031 | 032 + 036 +040 | IV | ASSETS FROM INSURANCE CONTRACTS | - | 22,924,424 | 22,924,424 | - | 16,997,313 | 16,997,313
032 | 034+035+036 | 1 | General measurement model | - | 14,678,731 | 14,678,731 | - | 13,311,689 | 13,311,689
033 |  | 1.1. | - Assets for remaining coverage | - | (1,754,363) | (1,754,363) | - | (1,477,798) | (1,477,798)
034 |  | 1.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
035 |  | 1.3. | - Assets from claims incurred | - | 16,433,094 | 16,433,094 | - | 14,789,487 | 14,789,487
036 | 037+038+039 | 2 | Variable fee approach | - | - | - | - | - | -
037 |  | 2.1. | - Assets for remaining coverage | - | - | - | - | - | -
038 |  | 2.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
039 |  | 2.3. | - Assets from claims incurred | - | - | - | - | - | -
040 | 041 +042 +043 | 3 | Premium allocation approach | - | 8,245,693 | 8,245,693 | - | 3,685,624 | 3,685,624
041 |  | 3.1. | - Assets for remaining coverage | - | 13,197,514 | 13,197,514 | - | 6,049,909 | 6,049,909
042 |  | 3.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
043 |  | 3.3. | - Assets from claims incurred | - | (4,951,821) | (4,951,821) | - | (2,364,285) | (2,364,285)
044 |  | V | ASSETS FROM REINSURANCE CONTRACTS | 8,518 | 42,908,244 | 42,916,762 | 3 | 54,437,607 | 54,437,610
045 | 046 +047 | VI | DEFERRED AND CURRENT TAX ASSETS | 3,243,543 | 11,958,317 | 15,201,860 | 569,532 | 10,965,028 | 11,534,560
046 |  | 1 | Deferred tax assets | 3,243,543 | 10,169,090 | 13,412,633 | 569,532 | 9,167,766 | 9,737,298
047 |  | 2 | Current tax assets | - | 1,789,227 | 1,789,227 | - | 1,797,262 | 1,797,262
048 |  | VII | OTHER ASSETS | 18,776,952 | 160,839,924 | 179,616,876 | 5,594,054 | 70,212,759 | 75,806,813
049 | 050 +051 +052 | 1 | CASH AT BANK AND IN HAND | 14,346,614 | 120,328,116 | 134,674,730 | 858,176 | 22,338,648 | 23,196,824
050 |  | 1.1 | Funds in the business account | 496,763 | 120,231,492 | 120,728,255 | 698,748 | 22,225,238 | 22,923,986
051 |  | 1.2 | Funds in the account of assets covering liabilities from life insurance contracts | 13,849,804 | - | 13,849,804 | 159,228 | - | 159,228
052 |  | 1.3 | Cash in hand | 47 | 96,624 | 96,671 | 200 | 113,410 | 113,610
053 |  | 2 | Fixed assets held for sale and discontinued operations | - | 235,147 | 235,147 | - | 267,053 | 267,053
054 |  | 3 | Other | 4,430,338 | 40,276,661 | 44,706,999 | 4,735,878 | 47,607,058 | 52,342,936
055 | 001+004+008+031+044+045+048 | VIII | TOTAL ASSETS | 525,865,795 | 1,178,055,502 | 1,703,921,297 | 501,569,955 | 1,286,735,817 | 1,788,305,772
056 |  | IX | OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS | 13,363,078 | 102,369,505 | 115,732,583 | 12,307,214 | 71,543,758 | 83,850,972

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION as at 31 December 2023

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Last day of the preceding business year | At the reporting date of the current period
Life | Non-life | Total | Life | Non-life | Total
057 | 058+061+062+066+067+071+074 | X | CAPITAL AND RESERVES | 85,266,536 | 626,588,804 | 711,855,340 | 83,624,361 | 680,786,530 | 764,410,891
058 | 059 +060 | 1 | Subscribed capital | 5,878,123 | 72,338,852 | 78,216,975 | 5,881,322 | 72,414,820 | 78,296,142
059 |  | 1.1 | Paid in capital - ordinary shares | 5,878,123 | 72,338,852 | 78,216,975 | 5,881,322 | 72,414,820 | 78,296,142
060 |  | 1.2 | Paid in capital - preference shares | - | - | - | - | - | -
061 |  | 2 | Premium on shares issued (capital reserves) | - | 90,448,275 | 90,448,275 | - | 90,448,275 | 90,448,275
062 | 063 +064 +065 | 3 | Revaluation reserves | (14,008,645) | 31,145,676 | 17,137,031 | (9,858,749) | 57,160,437 | 47,301,688
063 |  | 3.1 | Land and buildings | - | 14,508,631 | 14,508,631 | - | 14,051,528 | 14,051,528
064 |  | 3.2 | Financial assets | (14,008,645) | 16,615,067 | 2,606,422 | (9,858,749) | 43,086,931 | 33,228,182
065 |  | 3.3 | Other revaluation reserves | - | 21,978 | 21,978 | - | 21,978 | 21,978
066 |  | 4 | Financial reserves from insurance contracts | 52,325,699 | 31,227,003 | 83,552,702 | 30,361,393 | 13,767,819 | 44,129,212
067 | 068+069+070 | 5 | Reserves | 11,320,716 | 42,038,973 | 53,359,689 | 11,317,518 | 41,961,359 | 53,278,877
068 |  | 5.1. | Legal reserves | 293,906 | 3,698,235 | 3,992,141 | 293,906 | 3,698,235 | 3,992,141
069 |  | 5.2. | Statutory reserve | 1,006,238 | 18,533,214 | 19,539,452 | 1,003,040 | 18,455,600 | 19,458,640
070 |  | 5.3. | Other reserves | 10,020,572 | 19,807,524 | 29,828,096 | 10,020,572 | 19,807,524 | 29,828,096
071 | 072+073 | 6 | Retained profit or loss brought forward | 15,724,213 | 315,217,851 | 330,942,064 | 28,968,496 | 363,607,420 | 392,575,916
072 |  | 6.1. | Retained profit | 15,724,213 | 315,217,851 | 330,942,064 | 28,968,496 | 363,607,420 | 392,575,916
073 |  | 6.2. | Loss brought forward (-) | - | - | - | - | - | -
074 | 075+076 | 7 | Profit or loss for the current accounting period | 14,026,430 | 44,172,174 | 58,198,604 | 16,954,381 | 41,426,400 | 58,380,781
075 |  | 7.1. | Profit for the current accounting period | 14,026,430 | 44,172,174 | 58,198,604 | 16,954,381 | 41,426,400 | 58,380,781
076 |  | 7.2. | Loss for the current accounting period (-) | - | - | - | - | - | -
077 |  | XI | SUBORDINATE LIABILITIES | - | - | - | - | - | -
078 |  | XII | MINORITY INTEREST | 153,304 | 1,216,467 | 1,369,771 | 147,467 | 599,144 | 746,611
079 | 080+084+088 | XIII | LIABILITIES FROM INSURANCE CONTRACTS | 420,313,593 | 403,351,552 | 823,665,145 | 402,464,932 | 459,521,335 | 861,986,267
080 | 081+082+083 | 1 | General measurement model | 385,105,327 | 18,374,790 | 403,480,117 | 378,072,485 | 15,005,026 | 393,077,511
081 |  | 1.1. | - Liabilities for remaining coverage | 373,606,626 | 17,518,157 | 391,124,783 | 365,503,431 | 14,365,027 | 379,868,458
082 |  | 1.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
083 |  | 1.3. | - Liabilities for claims incurred | 11,498,701 | 856,633 | 12,355,334 | 12,569,054 | 639,999 | 13,209,053
084 | 085+086+087 | 2 | Variable fee approach | 35,208,266 | - | 35,208,266 | 24,392,447 | - | 24,392,447
085 |  | 2.1. | - Liabilities for remaining coverage | 30,473,627 | - | 30,473,627 | 21,480,024 | - | 21,480,024
086 |  | 2.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
087 |  | 2.3. | - Liabilities for claims incurred | 4,734,639 | - | 4,734,639 | 2,912,423 | - | 2,912,423
088 | 089 +090 +091 | 3 | Premium allocation approach | - | 384,976,762 | 384,976,762 | - | 444,516,309 | 444,516,309
089 |  | 3.1. | - Liabilities for remaining coverage | - | 95,891,980 | 95,891,980 | - | 117,318,118 | 117,318,118
090 |  | 3.2. | - Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - | - | - | - | - | -
091 |  | 3.3. | - Liabilities for claims incurred | - | 289,084,782 | 289,084,782 | - | 327,198,191 | 327,198,191
092 |  | XIV | LIABILITIES FROM REINSURANCE CONTRACTS | 23,694 | 2,134,105 | 2,157,799 | 3,499 | 4,021,037 | 4,024,536
093 |  | XV | LIABILITY FOR INVESTMENT CONTRACTS | - | - | - | - | - | -
094 | 095+096 | XVI | OTHER PROVISIONS | 453,468 | 7,633,322 | 8,086,790 | 478,484 | 8,007,169 | 8,485,653
095 |  | 1 | Provisions for pensions and similar obligations | 404,920 | 7,284,954 | 7,689,874 | 405,514 | 7,679,540 | 8,085,054
096 |  | 2 | Other provisions | 48,548 | 348,368 | 396,916 | 72,970 | 327,629 | 400,599
097 | 098+099 | XVII | DEFERRED AND CURRENT TAX LIABILITIES | 7,921,817 | 34,116,061 | 42,037,878 | 4,066,910 | 33,825,783 | 37,892,693
098 |  | 1 | Deferred tax liability | 7,683,331 | 30,921,945 | 38,605,276 | 3,801,081 | 20,229,017 | 24,030,098
099 |  | 2 | Current tax liability | 238,486 | 3,194,116 | 3,432,602 | 265,829 | 13,596,766 | 13,862,595
100 | 101+102+…+105 | XVIII | FINANCIAL LIABILITIES | 438,968 | 53,808,419 | 54,247,387 | 994,024 | 47,246,171 | 48,240,195
101 |  | 1 | Loan liabilities | - | 215,879 | 215,879 | - | 79,534 | 79,534
102 |  | 2 | Liabilities for issued financial instruments | - | - | - | - | - | -
103 |  | 3 | Liabilities for derivative financial instruments | 3,277 | 78,954 | 82,231 | 18,872 | 72,193 | 91,065
104 |  | 4 | Liability for unpaid dividend | - | 211,333 | 211,333 | - | 212,528 | 212,528
105 |  | 5 | Other financial liabilities | 435,691 | 53,302,253 | 53,737,944 | 975,152 | 46,881,916 | 47,857,068
106 | 107+108+109 | XIX | OTHER LIABILITIES | 11,294,415 | 49,206,772 | 60,501,187 | 9,790,278 | 52,728,649 | 62,518,927
107 |  | 1 | Liabilities for disposal and discontinued operations | - | 929 | 929 | - | 1,047 | 1,047
108 |  | 2 | Accruals and deferred income | 1,790,793 | 14,934,876 | 16,725,669 | 2,570,106 | 15,248,722 | 17,818,828
109 |  | 3 | Other liabilities | 9,503,622 | 34,270,967 | 43,774,589 | 7,220,172 | 37,478,880 | 44,699,052
110 | 057+077+078+079+092+093+094+097+100+106 | XX | TOTAL LIABILITIES | 525,865,795 | 1,178,055,502 | 1,703,921,297 | 501,569,955 | 1,286,735,818 | 1,788,305,773
111 |  | XXI | OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS | 13,363,078 | 102,369,505 | 115,732,583 | 12,307,214 | 71,543,758 | 83,850,972
Note: Item 078 to be filled in by companies preparing consolidated financial statements

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME for the period 1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023

in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Last day of the preceding business year | At the reporting date of the current period
Life | Non-life | Total | Life | Non-life | Total
001 | 002 + 003 + 004 | I | Income from insurance contracts | 10,518,354 | 418,064,389 | 428,582,743 | 12,244,536 | 464,150,966 | 476,395,502
002 |  | 1 | General measurement model | 9,908,423 | 5,925,322 | 15,833,745 | 11,416,574 | 5,964,863 | 17,381,437
003 |  | 2 | Variable fee approach | 609,931 | - | 609,931 | 827,962 | - | 827,962
004 |  | 3 | Premium allocation approach | - | 412,139,067 | 412,139,067 | - | 458,186,103 | 458,186,103
005 | 006+007+….+012 | II | Expenditure from insurance contracts | (9,572,798) | (372,918,457) | (382,491,255) | (6,193,567) | (436,407,334) | (442,600,901)
006 |  | 1 | Claims incurred | (2,204,795) | (228,831,562) | (231,036,357) | (2,027,041) | (297,262,227) | (299,289,268)
007 |  | 2 | Commissions | (717,657) | (41,351,607) | (42,069,264) | (1,679,446) | (44,902,576) | (46,582,022)
008 |  | 3 | Other expenses related to the sale of insurance | - | (47,446,379) | (47,446,379) | 3,645 | (47,783,621) | (47,779,976)
009 |  | 4 | Other insurance service expenses | (3,925,525) | (65,361,334) | (69,286,859) | (3,287,584) | (69,777,839) | (73,065,423)
010 |  | 5 | Depreciation of insurance acquisition costs | - | - | - | - | - | -
011 |  | 6 | Losses and reversal of losses on onerous contracts | (2,326,663) | (594,314) | (2,920,977) | 1,857,495 | 352,212 | 2,209,707
012 |  | 7 | Change in liabilities for claims incurred | (398,158) | 10,666,739 | 10,268,581 | (1,060,636) | 22,966,717 | 21,906,081
013 | 014 + 015 | III | Net result of (passive) reinsurance contracts | (44,936) | (13,388,462) | (13,433,398) | (47,440) | (8,494,942) | (8,542,382)
014 |  | 1 | Income from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | 34,445,099 | 34,445,099 | - | 53,695,677 | 53,695,677
015 |  | 2 | Expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | (44,936) | (47,833,561) | (47,878,497) | (47,440) | (62,190,619) | (62,238,059)
016 | 001 + 005 + 013 | IV | Result from insurance contracts | 900,620 | 31,757,470 | 32,658,090 | 6,003,529 | 19,248,690 | 25,252,219
017 | 018 + 023 + 024 + 025 + 026 + 027 + 031 + 032 + 033 +034 | V | Net investment result | 13,738,025 | 35,310,017 | 49,048,042 | 16,544,826 | 43,217,602 | 59,762,428
018 | 019 + 020 + 021 + 022 | 1 | Net result from investment in land and buildings | 4,504 | 13,922,182 | 13,926,686 | 10,237 | 16,769,974 | 16,780,211
019 |  | 1.1. | Rental gains/losses (net) | 10,733 | 13,191,784 | 13,202,517 | 10,737 | 14,073,592 | 14,084,329
020 |  | 1.2. | Realised gains/losses (net) from property not for own use | - | 491,666 | 491,666 | - | 36,808 | 36,808
021 |  | 1.3. | Unrealised gains/losses (net) from property not for own use | (6,229) | 238,732 | 232,503 | (500) | 2,659,574 | 2,659,074
022 |  | 1.4. | Depreciation of land and buildings not occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | - | - | - | - | - | -
023 |  | 2 | Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 13,348,500 | 12,337,802 | 25,686,302 | 12,558,448 | 18,235,025 | 30,793,473
024 |  | 3 | Other interest income | - | 24,964 | 24,964 | 116,984 | 998,340 | 1,115,324
025 |  | 4 | Dividend income | 753,166 | 5,965,847 | 6,719,013 | 1,002,071 | 6,782,402 | 7,784,473
026 |  | 5 | Unrealised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 185,476 | 650,232 | 835,708 | 1,369,688 | 2,681,457 | 4,051,145
027 | 028 + 029 + 030 | 6 | Realised gains/losses | 556,216 | 1,697,309 | 2,253,525 | 665,141 | 698,195 | 1,363,336
028 |  | 6.1. | Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | (22,831) | (2,004,073) | (2,026,904) | 515,763 | 555,046 | 1,070,809
029 |  | 6.2. | Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 579,047 | 3,701,382 | 4,280,429 | 149,378 | 143,149 | 292,527
030 |  | 6.3. | Other realised gains/losses (net) | - | - | - | - | - | -
031 |  | 7 | Net impairment / reversal of impairment of investments | (142,556) | 1,303,969 | 1,161,413 | 359,304 | 1,134,076 | 1,493,380
032 |  | 8 | Net exchange rate differences | 707,755 | 2,194,419 | 2,902,174 | (162,005) | (850,185) | (1,012,190)
033 |  | 9 | Other income from investments | (1,485,744) | 321,671 | (1,164,073) | 751,168 | 43,898 | 795,066
034 |  | 10 | Other expenditure from investments | (189,292) | (3,108,378) | (3,297,670) | (126,210) | (3,275,580) | (3,401,790)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME for the period 1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023

in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Last day of the preceding business year | At the reporting date of the current period
Life | Non-life | Total | Life | Non-life | Total
035 | 036 + 037 + 038 | VI | Net financial expenditure from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts | 2,502,964 | 19,918 | 2,522,882 | (1,924,283) | (4,192,183) | (6,116,466)
036 |  | 1 | Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | 2,502,964 | (27,746) | 2,475,218 | (1,924,284) | (4,982,644) | (6,906,928)
037 |  | 2 | Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | 47,664 | 47,664 | 1 | 790,461 | 790,462
038 |  | 3 | Change of liability for investment contracts | - | - | - | - | - | -
039 |  | VII | Other income | 145,160 | 28,525,544 | 28,670,704 | 73,606 | 31,029,878 | 31,103,484
040 |  | VIII | Other operating expenses | (477,612) | (42,541,187) | (43,018,799) | (505,310) | (40,289,062) | (40,794,372)
041 |  | IX | Other financial expenses | (81,029) | (1,655,556) | (1,736,585) | (41,330) | (1,773,338) | (1,814,668)
042 |  | X | Share of profit of companies consolidated using equity method, net of tax | - | 1,395,302 | 1,395,302 | - | 1,781,169 | 1,781,169
043 | 001+005+013+016+017+035+039+040+041+042 | XI | Profit or loss of the accounting period before tax (+/-) | 16,728,128 | 52,811,508 | 69,539,636 | 20,151,038 | 49,022,756 | 69,173,794
044 | 045 + 046 | XII | Tax on profit or loss | (2,679,953) | (8,583,039) | (11,262,992) | (3,175,197) | (7,546,091) | (10,721,288)
045 |  | 1 | Current tax expense | (1,824,531) | (7,743,935) | (9,568,466) | (518,832) | (19,878,343) | (20,397,175)
046 |  | 2 | Deferred tax expense/ income | (855,422) | (839,104) | (1,694,526) | (2,656,365) | 12,332,252 | 9,675,887
047 | 043+ 044 | XIII | Profit or loss of the accounting period after tax (+/-) | 14,048,175 | 44,228,469 | 58,276,644 | 16,975,841 | 41,476,665 | 58,452,506
048 |  | 1 | Attributable to owners of the parent | 14,026,430 | 44,172,174 | 58,198,604 | 16,954,381 | 41,426,400 | 58,380,781
049 |  | 2 | Attributable to non-controlling interest | 21,745 | 56,295 | 78,040 | 21,460 | 50,265 | 71,725
050 | 051 + 056 | XIV | Other comprehensive income | 18,783,629 | (13,076,212) | 5,707,417 | (17,630,739) | 12,816,181 | (4,814,558)
051 | 052 + 053 + 054 + 055 | 1 | Items that will not be reclassified to statement of profit or loss | - | (53,096) | (53,096) | 889,652 | 18,245,501 | 19,135,153
052 |  | 1.1. | Net change in fair value of equity securities (OCI) | - | - | - | 1,084,941 | 22,203,434 | 23,288,375
053 |  | 1.2. | Actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit pension plans | - | - | - | - | - | -
054 |  | 1.3. | Other | - | (87,348) | (87,348) | - | (952) | (952)
055 |  | 1.4. | Tax | - | 34,252 | 34,252 | (195,289) | (3,956,981) | (4,152,270)
056 | 057 + 058 + ...+ 063 | 2 | Items that are, or may be, reclassified to statement of profit or loss | 18,783,629 | (13,023,116) | 5,760,513 | (18,520,391) | (5,429,320) | (23,949,711)
057 |  | 2.1. | Net change in fair value of debt securities (OCI) | (40,185,496) | (67,387,747) | (107,573,243) | 4,340,422 | 14,626,003 | 18,966,425
058 |  | 2.2. | Exchange rate differences from translation of foreign operations | 65,855 | 88,627 | 154,482 | (7,716) | 942 | (6,774)
059 |  | 2.3. | Effects of hedging instruments | - | - | - | - | - | -
060 |  | 2.4. | Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | 62,574,230 | 38,135,627 | 100,709,857 | (26,809,413) | (22,403,165) | (49,212,578)
061 |  | 2.5. | Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | (10) | (2,841,688) | (2,841,698) | 10 | 1,184,601 | 1,184,611
062 |  | 2.6. | Other | 185,078 | 15,888,480 | 16,073,558 | - | - | -
063 |  | 2.7. | Tax | (3,856,028) | 3,093,585 | (762,443) | 3,956,306 | 1,162,299 | 5,118,605
064 | 047+ 050 | XV | Total comprehensive income | 32,831,804 | 31,152,257 | 63,984,061 | (654,898) | 54,292,846 | 53,637,948
065 |  | 1 | Attributable to owners of the parent | 32,770,034 | 31,069,968 | 63,840,002 | (659,789) | 54,256,282 | 53,596,493
066 |  | 2 | Attributable to non-controlling interest | 61,770 | 82,289 | 144,059 | 4,891 | 36,564 | 41,455
067 |  | XVI | Reclassification adjustments | - | - | - | - | - | -
Note: Items 042, 065 and 066 to be filled in by companies preparing consolidated financial statements |  |  |  |  |

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (INDIRECT METHOD) for the period 1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023

in EUR
Item number | Sum elements | Identifier | Item | Current business period | Same period of the previous year
001 | 002+018+035 + 036 + 037 | I | CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | (91,001,705) | 53,843,588
002 | 003+004 | 1 | Cash flow before changes in operating assets and liabilities | 35,669,830 | 53,770,543
003 |  | 1.1 | Profit/loss of the accounting period | 58,452,506 | 58,276,644
004 | 005+006+…..+017 | 1.2 | Adjustments: | (22,782,676) | (4,506,101)
005 |  | 1.2.1 | Depreciation of property and equipment | 9,879,072 | 8,732,772
006 |  | 1.2.2 | Amortization of intangible assets | 4,156,109 | 3,576,464
007 |  | 1.2.3 | Loss from impairment of intangible assets | 13,202 | 6,081,592
008 |  | 1.2.4 | Other financial cost | - | -
009 |  | 1.2.5 | Impairment and gains/losses on fair valuation | (5,295,762) | (1,683,100)
010 |  | 1.2.6 | Interest expenses | 1,813,580 | 1,736,585
011 |  | 1.2.7 | Interest income | (31,908,797) | (25,711,267)
012 |  | 1.2.8 | Profit from the sale of branch | - | -
013 |  | 1.2.9 | Share in profit of associates | (1,781,169) | (1,395,302)
014 |  | 1.2.10 | Equity-settled share-based payment transactions | - | -
015 |  | 1.2.11 | Cost of income tax | 10,721,288 | 11,262,992
016 |  | 1.2.12 | Profit/loss from the sale of tangible assets (including land and buildings) | (561,893) | (14,938)
017 |  | 1.2.13 | Other adjustments | (9,818,306) | (7,091,899)
018 | 019+020+…+034 | 2 | Increase/decrease in operating assets and liabilities | (151,921,045) | (19,304,800)
019 |  | 2.1 | Increase/decrease in financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 14,501,128 | (45,510,917)
020 |  | 2.2 | Increase/decrease in financial assets at fair value through statement of profit or loss | (102,526,413) | 18,614,666
021 |  | 2.3 | Increase/decrease in financial assets at amortised cost | (37,908,386) | 23,473,228
022 |  | 2.4 | Increase/decrease in assets/liabilities from insurance contracts | (4,927,162) | (35,993,746)
023 |  | 2.5 | Increase/decrease in assets/liabilities from reinsurance contracts | (8,471,127) | (7,538,208)
024 |  | 2.6 | Increase/decrease in tax assets | 285,308 | 123,635
025 |  | 2.7 | Increase/decrease in receivables | - | -
026 |  | 2.8 | Increase/decrease in investments in real estate | (249,332) | 3,831,637
027 |  | 2.9 | Increase/decrease in property for own use | - | -
028 |  | 2.10 | Increase/decrease in other assets | (4,166,008) | 10,060,190
029 |  | 2.11 | Increase/decrease in liabilities from investment contracts | - | -
030 |  | 2.12 | Increase/decrease in other provisions | 398,862 | (1,280,935)
031 |  | 2.13 | Increase/decrease in tax liabilities | (1,211,978) | 16,754,638
032 |  | 2.14 | Increase/decrease in financial liabilities | (9,793,743) | (462,025)
033 |  | 2.15 | Increase/decrease in other liabilities | 1,054,647 | (2,138,561)
034 |  | 2.16 | Increase/decrease in accruals and deferred income | 1,093,159 | 761,598
035 |  | 3 | Income tax paid | (9,042,800) | (11,718,471)
036 |  | 4 | Interest received | 26,730,657 | 24,470,999
037 |  | 5 | Dividend received | 7,561,653 | 6,625,317
038 | 039+040+…+045 | II | CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | (15,059,113) | (15,012,013)
039 |  | 1 | Cash receipts from the sale of tangible assets | 989,794 | 131,847
040 |  | 2 | Cash payments for the purchase of tangible assets | (9,799,488) | (7,023,507)
041 |  | 3 | Cash receipts from the sale of intangible assets | - | -
042 |  | 4 | Cash payments for the purchase of intangible assets | (5,941,557) | (8,118,038)
043 |  | 5 | Cash receipts from the sale of branches, associates and joint ventures | - | -
044 |  | 6 | Cash payments for the purchase of branches, associates and joint ventures | (307,862) | (2,315)
045 |  | 7 | Cash receipts and payments based on other investing activities | - | -
046 | 047+048+...+057 | III | CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | (5,406,549) | (4,778,084)
047 |  | 1 | Cash receipts resulting from the increase of initial capital | - | -
048 |  | 2 | Cash receipts from issuing redeemable preference shares | - | -
049 |  | 3 | Cash receipts from short-term and long-term loans received | - | -
050 |  | 4 | Cash receipts from sales of own shares | - | -
051 |  | 5 | Cash receipts from exercise of share options | - | -
052 |  | 6 | Cash payments relating to redeemable preference shares | - | -
053 |  | 7 | Cash payments for the repayment of short-term and long-term loans received | (136,345) | (102,216)
054 |  | 8 | Cash payments for the redemption of own shares | - | -
055 |  | 9 | Cash payments for interest | (1,985) | (3,574)
056 |  | 10 | Cash payments for dividend | (162,462) | (162,936)
057 |  | 11 | Cash payments for rental obligations | (5,105,757) | (4,509,358)
058 | 001+038+046 | IV | NET CASH FLOW | (111,467,367) | 34,053,491
059 |  | V | EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (10,539) | (322,739)
060 | 058+059 | VI | NET INCREASE/DECREASE OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (111,477,906) | 33,730,752
061 |  | 1 | Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period | 134,674,730 | 100,943,978
062 | 060+061 | 2 | Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period | 23,196,824 | 134,674,730
Note: Cash flow impairing items are to be indicated with a negative sign

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY for the period 1 January 2023 – 31 December 2023

in EUR
Item number | Item | Attributable to owners of the parent | Attributable to non-controlling interests* | Total capital and reserves
Paid in capital (ordinary and preference shares) | Premium on shares issued | Revaluation reserves | Financial reserves from insurance contracts | Capital reserves (legal, statutory, other) | Retained profit or loss brought forward | Profit/loss for the year | Total capital and reserves
I. | Balance as at 1 January of the previous year | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 92,432,579 | - | 53,359,689 | 248,128,722 | 48,091,094 | 610,677,334 | 1,349,960 | 612,027,294
1. | Change in accounting policies | - | - | - | 2,172,294 | - | 35,323,486 | - | 37,495,780 | (89,013) | 37,406,767
2. | Correction of errors from prior periods | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
II. | Balance as at 1 January of the previous year (restated) | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 92,432,579 | 2,172,294 | 53,359,689 | 283,452,208 | 48,091,094 | 648,173,114 | 1,260,947 | 649,434,061
III. | Comprehensive income or loss for the previous year | - | - | (75,739,010) | 81,380,408 | - | - | 58,198,603 | 63,840,001 | 144,060 | 63,984,061
1. | Profit or loss for the period | - | - | - | - | - | - | 58,198,603 | 58,198,603 | 78,040 | 58,276,643
2. | Other comprehensive income or loss for the previous year | - | - | (75,739,010) | 81,380,408 | - | - | - | 5,641,398 | 66,020 | 5,707,418
2.1. | Unrealised gains or losses on tangible assets (land and buildings) | - | - | (54,168) | - | - | - | - | (54,168) | 1,073 | (53,095)
2.2. | Unrealised gains or losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | - | - | (72,186,563) | - | - | - | - | (72,186,563) | (2,937) | (72,189,500)
2.3. | Realised gains or losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | - | - | (3,651,978) | - | - | - | - | (3,651,978) | - | (3,651,978)
2.4. | Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | - | - | - | 83,704,178 | - | - | - | 83,704,178 | 72,259 | 83,776,437
2.5. | Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | - | - | (2,323,770) | - | - | - | (2,323,770) | (5,158) | (2,328,928)
2.6. | Other changes in equity unrelated to owners | - | - | 153,699 | - | - | - | - | 153,699 | 783 | 154,482
IV. | Transactions with owners (previous period) | - | - | 443,462 | - | - | 47,489,856 | (48,091,093) | (157,775) | (35,236) | (193,011)
1. | Increase/decrease in subscribed capital | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
2. | Other contributions by owners | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (2,315) | (2,315)
3. | Payment of share in profit/dividend | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (32,867) | (32,867)
4. | Other distribution to owners | - | - | 443,462 | - | - | 47,489,856 | (48,091,093) | (157,775) | (54) | (157,829)
V. | Balance on the last day of the previous year reporting period | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 17,137,031 | 83,552,702 | 53,359,689 | 330,942,064 | 58,198,604 | 711,855,340 | 1,369,771 | 713,225,111
VI. | Balance as at 1 January of the current year | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 17,137,031 | 83,552,702 | 53,359,689 | 330,942,064 | 58,198,604 | 711,855,340 | 1,369,771 | 713,225,111
1. | Change in accounting policies | - | - | (3,088,097) | - | - | 1,711,565 | - | (1,376,532) | (9,723) | (1,386,255)
2. | Correction of errors from prior periods | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -
VII. | Balance as at 1 January of the current year (restated) | 78,216,975 | 90,448,275 | 14,048,934 | 83,552,702 | 53,359,689 | 332,653,629 | 58,198,604 | 710,478,808 | 1,360,048 | 711,838,856
VIII. | Comprehensive income or loss for the year | - | - | 34,639,202 | (39,423,490) | - | - | 58,380,781 | 53,596,493 | 41,455 | 53,637,948
1. | Profit or loss for the period | - | - | - | - | - | - | 58,380,781 | 58,380,781 | 71,725 | 58,452,506
2. | Other comprehensive income or loss for the year | - | - | 34,639,202 | (39,423,490) | - | - | - | (4,784,288) | (30,270) | (4,814,558)
2.1. | Unrealised gains or losses on tangible assets (land and buildings) | - | - | 36,495 | - | - | - | - | 36,495 | 2,190 | 38,685
2.2. | Unrealised gains or losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | - | - | 34,846,103 | - | - | - | - | 34,846,103 | (122) | 34,845,981
2.3. | Realised gains or losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | - | - | (236,963) | - | - | - | - | (236,963) | - | (236,963)
2.4. | Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | - | - | - | (40,386,179) | - | - | - | (40,386,179) | (33,462) | (40,419,641)
2.5. | Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | - | - | - | 962,689 | - | - | - | 962,689 | 1,466 | 964,155
2.6. | Other changes in equity unrelated to owners | - | - | (6,433) | - | - | - | - | (6,433) | (342) | (6,775)
IX. | Transactions with owners (current period) | 79,167 | - | (1,386,448) | - | (80,812) | 59,922,287 | (58,198,604) | 335,590 | (654,892) | (319,302)
1. | Increase/decrease in subscribed capital | 79,167 | - | - | - | (80,812) | - | - | (1,645) | - | (1,645)
2. | Other contributions by owners | - | - | - | - | - | 314,778 | - | 314,778 | (622,640) | (307,862)
3. | Payment of share in profit/dividend | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (32,394) | (32,394)
4. | Other transactions with owners | - | - | (1,386,448) | - | - | 59,607,509 | (58,198,604) | 22,457 | 142 | 22,599
X. | Balance on the last day of the current year reporting period | 78,296,142 | 90,448,275 | 47,301,688 | 44,129,212 | 53,278,877 | 392,575,916 | 58,380,781 | 764,410,891 | 746,611 | 765,157,502
Note: * To be filled in by companies preparing consolidated financial statements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Reconciliation of the financial statements and statements for the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency
The reconciliation between the financial statements as prescribed by the Ordinance on the structure and content of financial statements of insurance and reinsurance companies, and the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework is presented below.
1. Reconciliation of the statement of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with the HANFA format and the format of the financial statements prepared in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework

Position description | EUR '000 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Basic financial statements
EUR '000 | Position description
Income from insurance contracts | 395,384 |  |  |  | 395,384 | Insurance revenue
General measurement model | 9,441 |  |  |  |  |
Variable fee approach | 431 |  |  |  |  |
Premium allocation approach | 385,513 |  |  |  |  |
Expenditure from insurance contracts | (375,931) |  |  |  | (375,931) | Insurance service expenses
Claims incurred | (257,715) |  |  |  |  |
Commissions | (39,912) |  |  |  |  |
Other expenses related to the sale of insurance | (38,510) |  |  |  |  |
Other insurance service expenses | (60,283) |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation of insurance acquisition costs | - |  |  |  |  |
Losses and reversal of losses on onerous contracts | 2,147 |  |  |  |  |
Change in liabilities for claims incurred | 18,341 |  |  |  |  |
Net result of (passive) reinsurance contracts | (7,677) |  |  |  | (7,677) | Net result of (passive) reinsurance contracts
Income from (passive) reinsurance contracts | 40,882 |  |  |  |  |
Expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | (48,559) |  |  |  |  |
Result from insurance contracts | 11,776 |  |  |  | 11,776 | Result from insurance contracts
Net investment result | 52,213 |  |  |  | 52,213 | Net investment income
Net result from investment in land and buildings | 4,691 |  |  |  | 4,691 | Income from investment property
Rental gains/losses (net) | 3,759 |  |  |  |  |
Realised gains/losses (net) from property not for own use | 37 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealised gains/losses (net) from property not for own use | 895 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation of land and buildings not occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | - |  |  |  |  |
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 27,224 |  |  |  | 27,224 | Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method
Other interest income | 1,115 |  | (1,115) |  |  |
Dividend income | 14,672 |  |  | (14,672) |  |
Unrealised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 3,877 |  | 2,173 |  | 6,050 | Net gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Realised gains/losses | 1,347 |  |  |  |  |
Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 1,058 |  | (1,058) |  |  |
Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 289 |  |  | (289) |  |
Other realised gains/losses (net) | - |  |  |  |  |
Net impairment / reversal of impairment of investments | 2,019 |  |  |  | 2,019 | Net impairment/release of impairment of financial assets
Net exchange rate differences | (964) |  |  |  | (964) | Net exchange rate differences
Other income from investments | 301 |  |  | 12,893 | 13,194 | Other income/expenditure from investments
Other expenditure from investments | (2,068) |  |  | 2,068 |  |
Net financial expenditure from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts | (4,050) |  |  |  | (4,050) | Net financial result from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts
Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | (4,723) |  |  |  | (4,723) | Net financial result from insurance contracts
Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | 674 |  |  |  | 674 | Net financial result from (passive) reinsurance contracts
Change of liability for investment contracts | - |  |  |  |  |
Other income | 6,102 | (449) |  |  | 5,653 | Other income
Other operating expenses | (9,470) | 449 |  |  | (9,021) | Other operating expenses
Other financial expenses | (1,418) |  |  |  | (1,418) | Other financial expenses
Share of profit of companies consolidated using equity method, net of tax | - |  |  |  |  |
Profit or loss of the accounting period before tax (+/-) | 55,153 |  |  |  | 55,153 | Profit before tax
Tax on profit or loss | (8,274) |  |  |  | (8,274) | Income tax
Current tax expense | (18,000) |  |  |  |  |
Deferred tax expense/ income | 9,726 |  |  |  |  |
Profit or loss of the accounting period after tax (+/-) | 46,879 |  |  |  | 46,879 | Profit for the year

Reconciliation of the statement of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with the HANFA format and the format of these financial statements (continued)
1.Income and expenses from the sale of land and buildings and income from reversal of impairment of investments are recorded on a net basis.
2.Other interest income, Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and Unrealised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are presented in position Net gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
3.Dividend income, Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, Other expenditure from investments and Other income from investments are presented in position Other income/expenditure from investments.
2. Reconciliation of the statement of financial position prepared in accordance with the HANFA format and the financial statements in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework

Position description | EUR '000 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Basic financial statements
EUR '000 | Position description
INTANGIBLE ASSETS | 15,767 |  |  |  |  |  | 15,767 | Intangible asset
Goodwill | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other intangible assets | 15,767 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TANGIBLE ASSETS | 62,697 | (50) |  |  |  |  | 62,647 | Property at revaluation model and Property and equipment at cost model
Land and buildings occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | 25,693 | (50) |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment | 3,254 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other tangible assets and inventories | 33,750 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
INVESTMENTS | 1,325,864 |  | (43,627) |  |  |  | 1,282,237 |
Investments in land and buildings not occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | 67,926 |  |  |  |  |  | 67,926 | Investment property
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures | 54,531 |  |  |  |  |  | 54,531 | Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures
Shares and holdings in subsidiaries | 50,815 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares and holdings in associates | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares and holdings in joint ventures | 3,716 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets | 1,203,407 |  | (43,627) |  |  |  | 1,159,780 | Financial assets
Financial assets at amortised cost | 395,066 |  | (43,627) |  |  |  | 351,439 | Financial assets at amortised cost
Debt financial instruments | 285,069 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits with credit institutions | 53,515 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans | 43,153 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | 13,329 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 672,698 |  |  |  |  |  | 672,698 | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
Equity financial instruments | 138,812 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt financial instruments | 533,886 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Units in investment funds | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | 135,643 |  |  |  |  |  | 135,643 | Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account
Equity financial instruments | 387 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt financial instruments | 10,964 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Units in investment funds | 123,806 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments | 486 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS FROM INSURANCE CONTRACTS | 16,997 |  |  |  |  |  | 16,997 | Assets from insurance contracts
General measurement model | 13,311 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for remaining coverage | (1,478) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets from claims incurred | 14,789 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable fee approach | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for remaining coverage | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets from claims incurred | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premium allocation approach | 3,686 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for remaining coverage | 6,050 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets from claims incurred | (2,364) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS FROM REINSURANCE CONTRACTS | 49,917 |  |  |  |  |  | 49,917 | Assets from reinsurance contracts
DEFERRED AND CURRENT TAX ASSETS | 8,580 |  |  |  | (8,580) |  | - |
Deferred tax assets | 8,580 |  |  |  | (8,580) |  |  | Deferred tax assets
Current tax assets | - |  |  |  |  |  | - | Current income tax assets
OTHER ASSETS | 31,603 | 50 | 43,627 | (780) |  |  | 74,500 |
CASH AT BANK AND IN HAND | 1,662 |  | 43,627 |  |  |  | 45,289 | Cash and cash equivalents
Funds in the business account | 1,587 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Funds in the account of assets covering liabilities from life insurance contracts | 75 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash in hand | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed assets held for sale and discontinued operations | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | 29,941 | 50 |  | (780) |  |  | 29,211 | Trade receivables and other receivables
TOTAL ASSETS | 1,511,425 | - | - | (780) | (8,580) |  | 1,502,065 |
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS | 79,218 |  |  |  |  |  | 79,218 |

Reconciliation of the statement of financial position prepared in accordance with the HANFA format and the format of the financial statements prepared in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework (continued)
1. Inventories are recorded together with trade and other receivables.
2. Deposits with original maturity up to three months are recorded in the Cash and cash equivalents position.
3. Internal receivables are offset with corresponding liabilities in the Basic financial statements.
4. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded on a net basis in the Basic financial statements.

Position description | EUR '000 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Basic financial statements
EUR '000 | Position description
CAPITAL AND RESERVES | 664,434 |  |  |  |  |  | 664,434 | Capital and reserves
Subscribed capital | 78,296 |  |  |  |  |  | 78,296 | Subscribed share capital
Paid in capital - ordinary shares | 78,296 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Paid in capital - preference shares | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premium on shares issued (capital reserves) | 90,448 |  |  |  |  |  | 90,448 | Premium on issued shares
Revaluation reserves | 46,923 |  |  |  | 31,352 |  | 78,275 | Revaluation reserve
Land and buildings | 5,832 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets | 41,090 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other revaluation reserves | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial reserves from insurance contracts | 31,352 |  |  |  | (31,352) |  | - |
Reserves | 53,279 |  |  |  |  |  | 53,279 | Reserves
Legal reserves | 3,992 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Statutory reserve | 19,459 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other reserves | 29,828 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained profit or loss brought forward | 317,256 |  |  |  |  | 46,880 | 364,136 | Retained earnings
Retained profit | 317,258 |  |  |  |  | 46,880 |  |
Loss brought forward (-) | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit or loss for the current accounting period | 46,880 |  |  |  |  | (46,880) | - |
Profit for the current accounting period | 46,880 |  |  |  |  | (46,880) |  |
Loss for the current accounting period (-) | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SUBORDINATE LIABILITIES | - |  |  |  |  |  | - |
MINORITY INTEREST | - |  |  |  |  |  | - |
LIABILITIES FROM INSURANCE CONTRACTS | 732,122 |  |  |  |  |  | 732,122 | Liabilities from insurance contracts
General measurement model | 333,168 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for remaining coverage | 321,588 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for claims incurred | 11,580 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable fee approach | 18,052 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for remaining coverage | 15,142 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for claims incurred | 2,911 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premium allocation approach | 380,902 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for remaining coverage | 90,041 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for claims incurred | 290,861 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES FROM REINSURANCE CONTRACTS | 1,910 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,910 | Liabilities from reinsurance contracts
LIABILITY FOR INVESTMENT CONTRACTS | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OTHER PROVISIONS | 7,095 | (328) |  |  |  |  | 6,767 | Provisions
Provisions for pensions and similar obligations | 6,767 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other provisions | 328 | (328) |  |  |  |  |  |
DEFERRED AND CURRENT TAX LIABILITIES | 27,793 |  |  | (8,580) |  |  | 19,213 |
Deferred tax liability | 16,855 |  |  | (8,580) |  |  | 8,275 | Deferred tax liability
Current tax liability | 10,938 |  |  |  |  |  | 10,938 | Current income tax liability
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES | 37,149 |  |  |  |  |  | 37,149 |
Loan liabilities | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities for issued financial instruments | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities for derivative financial instruments | 91 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liability for unpaid dividend | 209 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other financial liabilities | 36,849 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OTHER LIABILITIES | 40,923 | 328 | (781) |  |  |  | 40,470 | Accounts payable and other liabilities
Liabilities for disposal and discontinued operations | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accruals and deferred income | 15,699 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 25,223 | 328 |  |  |  |  |  |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 1,511,425 | - | (781) | (8,580) | - | - | 1,502,065 |
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS | 79,218 |  |  |  |  |  | 79,218 |

1.In basic financial statements, Other provisions are recorded within position Accounts payable and other liabilities.
2.Internal liabilities are offset with corresponding receivables in the Basic financial statements.
3.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset in the Basic financial statements.
4.In basic financial statements, Financial reserves from insurance contracts is recorded on position Revaluation reserves.
5.Profit or loss for the current accounting period is presented together with retained earnings in the financial statements prepared in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework.
3. Reconciliation of the consolidated statement of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with the HANFA format and the format of the financial statements prepared in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework

Position description | EUR '000 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Basic financial statements
EUR '000 | Position description
Income from insurance contracts | 476,396 |  |  |  | 476,396 | Insurance revenue
General measurement model | 17,381 |  |  |  |  |
Variable fee approach | 828 |  |  |  |  |
Premium allocation approach | 458,186 |  |  |  |  |
Expenditure from insurance contracts | (442,601) |  |  |  | (442,601) | Insurance service expenses
Claims incurred | (299,289) |  |  |  |  |
Commissions | (46,582) |  |  |  |  |
Other expenses related to the sale of insurance | (47,780) |  |  |  |  |
Other insurance service expenses | (73,065) |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation of insurance acquisition costs | - |  |  |  |  |
Losses and reversal of losses on onerous contracts | 2,210 |  |  |  |  |
Change in liabilities for claims incurred | 21,906 |  |  |  |  |
Net result of (passive) reinsurance contracts | (8,542) |  |  |  | (8,542) | Net result of (passive) reinsurance contracts
Income from (passive) reinsurance contracts | 53,696 |  |  |  |  |
Expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | (62,238) |  |  |  |  |
Result from insurance contracts | 25,253 |  |  |  | 25,253 | Result from insurance contracts
Net investment result | 59,761 |  |  |  | 59,761 | Net investment income
Net result from investment in land and buildings | 16,780 |  |  |  | 16,780 | Income from investment property
Rental gains/losses (net) | 14,084 |  |  |  |  |
Realised gains/losses (net) from property not for own use | 37 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealised gains/losses (net) from property not for own use | 2,659 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation of land and buildings not occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | - |  |  |  |  |
Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method | 30,793 |  |  |  | 30,793 | Interest revenue calculated using the effective interest rate method
Other interest income | 1,115 |  | (1,115) |  |  |
Dividend income | 7,784 |  |  | (7,784) |  |
Unrealised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 4,051 |  | 2,186 |  | 6,237 | Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Realised gains/losses | 1,363 |  |  |  |  |
Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | 1,071 |  | (1,071) |  |  |
Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 293 |  |  | (293) |  |
Other realised gains/losses (net) | - |  |  |  |  |
Net impairment / reversal of impairment of investments | 1,493 |  |  |  | 1,493 | Net impairment/release of impairment of financial assets
Net exchange rate differences | (1,012) |  |  |  | (1,012) | Net exchange rate differences
Other income from investments | 795 |  |  | 4,675 | 5,470 | Other income/expenditure from investments
Other expenditure from investments | (3,402) |  |  | 3,402 |  |
Net financial expenditure from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts | (6,117) |  |  |  | (6,117) | Net financial result from insurance and (passive) reinsurance contracts
Net financial income/expenditure from insurance contracts | (6,907) |  |  |  | (6,907) | Net financial result from insurance contracts
Net financial income/expenditure from (passive) reinsurance contracts | 790 |  |  |  | 790 | Net financial result from (passive) reinsurance contracts
Change of liability for investment contracts | - |  |  |  |  |
Other income | 31,104 | (475) |  |  | 30,629 | Other income
Other operating expenses | (40,794) | 475 |  |  | (40,319) | Other operating expenses
Other financial expenses | (1,815) |  |  |  | (1,815) | Other financial expenses
Share of profit of companies consolidated using equity method, net of tax | 1,781 |  |  |  | 1,781 |
Profit or loss of the accounting period before tax (+/-) | 69,174 |  |  |  | 69,174 | Profit before tax
Tax on profit or loss | (10,721) |  |  |  | (10,721) | Income tax
Current tax expense | (20,397) |  |  |  |  |
Deferred tax expense/ income | 9,676 |  |  |  |  |
Profit or loss of the accounting period after tax (+/-) | 58,453 |  |  |  | 58,453 | Profit for the year

Reconciliation of the statement of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with the HANFA format and the format of these financial statements (continued)
1.Income and expenses from the sale of land and buildings and income from reversal of impairment of investments are recorded on a net basis.
2.Other interest income, Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and Unrealised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are presented in position Net gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
3.Dividend income, Realised gains/losses (net) from financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, Other expenditure from investments and Other income from investments are presented in position Other income/expenditure from investments.
4. Reconciliation of the consolidated statement of financial position prepared in accordance with the HANFA format and the financial statements in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework

Position description | EUR '000 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Basic financial statements
EUR '000 | Position description
INTANGIBLE ASSETS | 19,391 |  |  |  |  |  | 19,391 | Intangible asset
Goodwill | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other intangible assets | 19,391 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TANGIBLE ASSETS | 120,886 | (396) |  |  |  |  | 120,490 | Property at revaluation model and Property and equipment at cost model
Land and buildings occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | 58,548 | (396) |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment | 15,817 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other tangible assets and inventories | 46,521 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
INVESTMENTS | 1,489,254 |  | (43,627) |  |  |  | 1,445,627 |
Investments in land and buildings not occupied by an undertaking for its own activities | 138,689 |  |  |  |  |  | 138,689 | Investment property
Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures | 10,123 |  |  |  |  |  | 10,123 | Investments in subsidiaries, associates and participation in joint ventures
Shares and holdings in subsidiaries | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares and holdings in associates | 789 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares and holdings in joint ventures | 9,334 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets | 1,340,442 |  | (43,627) |  |  |  | 1,296,815 | Financial assets
Financial assets at amortised cost | 437,868 |  | (43,627) |  |  |  | 394,241 | Financial assets at amortised cost
Debt financial instruments | 301,800 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits with credit institutions | 116,180 |  | (43,627) |  |  |  |  |
Loans | 6,559 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | 13,329 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income | 756,730 |  |  |  |  |  | 756,730 | Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
Equity financial instruments | 138,812 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt financial instruments | 617,917 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Units in investment funds | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account | 145,844 |  |  |  |  |  | 145,844 | Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss account
Equity financial instruments | 387 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt financial instruments | 10,964 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Units in investment funds | 134,007 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments | 486 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS FROM INSURANCE CONTRACTS | 16,997 |  |  |  |  |  | 16,997 | Assets from insurance contracts
General measurement model | 13,311 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for remaining coverage | (1,478) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets from claims incurred | 14,789 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable fee approach | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for remaining coverage | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets from claims incurred | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premium allocation approach | 3,686 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for remaining coverage | 6,050 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets from claims incurred | (2,364) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS FROM REINSURANCE CONTRACTS | 54,438 |  |  |  |  |  | 54,438 | Assets from reinsurance contracts
DEFERRED AND CURRENT TAX ASSETS | 11,534 |  |  |  |  | (10,627) | 907 |
Deferred tax assets | 9,737 |  |  |  |  | (8,830) | 907 | Deferred tax assets
Current tax assets | 1,797 |  |  |  |  | (1,797) | - | Current income tax assets
OTHER ASSETS | 75,807 | 396 | 43,626 | - | (10,904) |  | 108,925 |
CASH AT BANK AND IN HAND | 23,197 |  | 43,626 |  |  |  | 66,823 | Cash and cash equivalents
Funds in the business account | 22,924 |  | 43,626 |  |  |  |  |
Funds in the account of assets covering liabilities from life insurance contracts | 159 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash in hand | 114 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed assets held for sale and discontinued operations | 267 |  |  | (267) |  |  |  |
Other | 52,343 | 396 |  | 267 | (10,904) |  | 42,102 | Trade receivables and other receivables
TOTAL ASSETS | 1,788,307 | - | (1) | - | (10,904) | (10,627) | 1,766,775 |
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS | 83,851 |  |  |  |  |  | 83,851 |

Reconciliation of the statement of financial position prepared in accordance with the HANFA format and the format of the financial statements prepared in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework (continued)
1.Inventories are recorded together with trade and other receivables.
2.Deposits with contractual maturity up to 3 months are recorded together with cash and cash equivalents.
3.Fixed assets held for sale and discontinued operations is recorded on the position Trade and other receivables.
4.Internal receivables are offset with corresponding liabilities in the Basic financial statements.
5.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded on a net basis in the Basic financial statements.

Position description | EUR '000 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Basic financial statements
EUR '000 | Position description
CAPITAL AND RESERVES | 764,411 |  |  |  |  |  | 764,411 | Capital and reserves
Subscribed capital | 78,296 |  |  |  |  |  | 78,296 | Subscribed share capital
Paid in capital - ordinary shares | 78,296 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Paid in capital - preference shares | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premium on shares issued (capital reserves) | 90,448 |  |  |  |  |  | 90,448 | Premium on issued shares
Revaluation reserves | 47,302 |  |  |  | 44,129 |  | 91,431 | Revaluation reserve
Land and buildings | 14,052 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets | 33,228 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other revaluation reserves | 22 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial reserves from insurance contracts | 44,129 |  |  |  | (44,129) |  | - |
Reserves | 53,279 |  |  |  |  |  | 53,279 | Reserves
Legal reserves | 3,992 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Statutory reserve | 19,459 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other reserves | 29,828 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained profit or loss brought forward | 392,576 |  |  |  |  | 58,381 | 450,957 | Retained earnings
Retained profit | 392,576 |  |  |  |  | 58,381 |  |
Loss brought forward (-) | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit or loss for the current accounting period | 58,381 |  |  |  |  | (58,381) |  |
Profit for the current accounting period | 58,381 |  |  |  |  | (58,381) |  |
Loss for the current accounting period (-) | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SUBORDINATE LIABILITIES | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
MINORITY INTEREST | 747 |  |  |  |  |  | 747 |
LIABILITIES FROM INSURANCE CONTRACTS | 861,986 |  |  |  |  |  | 861,986 | Liabilities from insurance contracts
General measurement model | 393,077 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for remaining coverage | 379,868 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for claims incurred | 13,209 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Variable fee approach | 24,392 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for remaining coverage | 21,480 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for claims incurred | 2,912 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premium allocation approach | 444,516 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for remaining coverage | 117,318 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Assets for insurance acquisition cash flows | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
- Liabilities for claims incurred | 327,198 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES FROM REINSURANCE CONTRACTS | 4,025 |  |  |  |  |  | 4,025 | Liabilities from reinsurance contracts
LIABILITY FOR INVESTMENT CONTRACTS | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OTHER PROVISIONS | 8,486 | (401) |  |  |  |  | 8,085 | Provisions
Provisions for pensions and similar obligations | 8,085 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other provisions | 401 | (401) |  |  |  |  |  |
DEFERRED AND CURRENT TAX LIABILITIES | 37,893 |  |  | (10,627) |  |  | 27,266 |
Deferred tax liability | 24,030 |  |  | (8,830) |  |  | 15,200 | Deferred tax liability
Current tax liability | 13,863 |  |  | (1,797) |  |  | 12,066 | Current income tax liability
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES | 48,240 |  |  |  |  |  | 48,240 |
Loan liabilities | 80 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities for issued financial instruments | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities for derivative financial instruments | 91 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liability for unpaid dividend | 213 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other financial liabilities | 47,857 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
OTHER LIABILITIES | 62,518 | 401 | (10,904) |  |  |  | 52,015 | Accounts payable and other liabilities
Liabilities for disposal and discontinued operations | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accruals and deferred income | 17,819 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 44,699 | 401 |  |  |  |  |  |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 1,788,307 | - | (10,904) | (10,627) |  |  | 1,766,775 |
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS | 83,851 |  |  |  |  |  | 83,851 |

1.In the Basic financial statements, Other provisions are recorded within position Accounts payable and other liabilities.
2.Internal liabilities are offset with corresponding receivables in the Basic financial statements.
3.Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset in the Basic financial statements.
4.In basic financial statements, Financial reserves from insurance contracts is recorded on position Revaluation reserves.
5.Profit or loss for the current accounting period is presented together with retained earnings in the financial statements prepared in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework.
Statement of cash flow
The statement of cash flows has been prepared in accordance with the Ordinance on the structure and content of financial statements of insurance and reinsurance companies ("the Ordinance") but its presentation differs from the statement of cash flows in the financial statements.
The main differences in presentation are described below:
1.Differences in the statement of cash flows in the financial statements prepared in accordance with the IFRS reporting framework and the statement of cash flows under the Ordinance arise due to differences in the relevant positions of assets and liabilities due to the different presentation in the financial statements compared to the Ordinance. These differences are presented in the adjustments of the statement of financial position (balance sheet).
2.Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and end of the period presented in the basic financial statements include deposits with contractual maturity up to 3 months as opposed to cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and end of the period presented in the statement of cash flows under the Ordinance.
Statement of changes in equity
In the statements under the Ordinance, profit/loss for the current year is presented in the eponymous column and in the subsequent period, upon adoption of the Decision of the General Assembly and the Supervisory Board, profit/loss is transferred through Other non-owner changes in equity to Retained earnings, while in the basic financial statements it is presented under Retained earnings.