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Other (Income) Expense, Net
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net, consisted of: 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
($ in millions)
2017
 
2016
Interest income
$
(97
)
 
$
(79
)
Interest expense
182

 
172

Exchange (gains) losses
(8
)
 
38

Equity loss (income) from affiliates
13

 
(34
)
Other, net
(32
)
 
(49
)
 
$
58

 
$
48


The change in equity loss (income) from affiliates in the first quarter of 2017 as compared with the first quarter of 2016 was driven primarily by certain research investment funds, which generated equity losses in the first quarter of 2017 compared with equity income in the first quarter of 2016, as well as by the termination of the SPMSD joint venture on December 31, 2016.
Interest paid for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $162 million and $160 million, respectively.