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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Mar. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]    
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ 1,551 $ 1,125
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,745 2,774
Common shares issuable (in shares) 21 21
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,766 2,795
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.56 $ 0.41
Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.56 $ 0.40