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Other (Income) Expense, Net
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net, consisted of: 
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
($ in millions)
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Interest income
$
(96
)
 
$
(78
)
 
$
(194
)
 
$
(157
)
Interest expense
193

 
171

 
375

 
343

Exchange losses
19

 
37

 
11

 
76

Equity (income) loss from affiliates
(5
)
 
(4
)
 
8

 
(38
)
Other, net
(53
)
 
(107
)
 
(83
)
 
(157
)
 
$
58

 
$
19

 
$
117

 
$
67


The change in equity (income) loss from affiliates in the first six months of 2017 as compared with the same period of 2016 was driven primarily by lower equity income from certain research investment funds, as well as by the termination of the SPMSD joint venture on December 31, 2016.
Other, net (as reflected in the table above) in the second quarter and first six months of 2016 includes a gain of $115 million related to the settlement of certain patent litigation.
Interest paid for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $343 million and $321 million, respectively.