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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Jun. 30, 2016
Jun. 30, 2017
Jun. 30, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]        
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ 1,946 $ 1,205 $ 3,496 $ 2,330
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,734 2,768 2,739 2,771
Common shares issuable (in shares) 18 21 20 21
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,752 2,789 2,759 2,792
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.71 $ 0.44 $ 1.28 $ 0.84
Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.71 $ 0.43 $ 1.27 $ 0.83