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Equity - Shareholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Sep. 30, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2016 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2016
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) |  |  | 3,577,103,522 |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | $ 40,308 | $ 44,767
Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | $ (56) | $ 2,184 | 3,440 | 4,515
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes |  |  | 281 | (104)
Cash dividends declared on common stock |  |  | (3,872) | (3,835)
Treasury stock shares purchased |  |  | (2,312) | (2,418)
Share-based compensation plans and other |  |  | 623 | 910
Changes in noncontrolling ownership interests |  |  | 25 | 124
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | $ 5 | 4 | 16 | 13
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | $ (10) | (15)
Shares, ending balance (in shares) | 3,577,103,522 |  | 3,577,103,522 |
Equity, ending balance | $ 38,499 | $ 43,957 | $ 38,499 | $ 43,957
Common Stock |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) |  |  | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788
Shares, ending balance (in shares) | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | 39,939 | 40,222
Share-based compensation plans and other |  |  | (116) | (325)
Equity, ending balance | 39,823 | 39,897 | 39,823 | 39,897
Retained Earnings |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | 44,133 | 45,348
Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. |  |  | 3,440 | 4,515
Cash dividends declared on common stock |  |  | (3,872) | (3,835)
Equity, ending balance | 43,701 | 46,028 | 43,701 | 46,028
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | (5,226) | (4,148)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes |  |  | 281 | (104)
Equity, ending balance | $ (4,945) | $ (4,252) | $ (4,945) | $ (4,252)
Treasury Stock |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) |  |  | 828,000,000 | 796,000,000
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | $ (40,546) | $ (38,534)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) |  |  | 36,000,000 | 44,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased |  |  | $ (2,312) | $ (2,418)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) |  |  | (13,000,000) | (25,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other |  |  | $ 739 | $ 1,235
Shares, ending balance (in shares) | 851,000,000 | 815,000,000 | 851,000,000 | 815,000,000
Equity, ending balance | $ (42,119) | $ (39,717) | $ (42,119) | $ (39,717)
Non- Controlling Interests |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | 220 | 91
Changes in noncontrolling ownership interests |  |  | 25 | 124
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 16 | 13
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (10) | (15)
Equity, ending balance | $ 251 | $ 213 | $ 251 | $ 213

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