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Equity - Shareholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Shares, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,103,522  
Equity, beginning balance     $ 40,308 $ 44,767
Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ (56) $ 2,184 3,440 4,515
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes     281 (104)
Cash dividends declared on common stock     (3,872) (3,835)
Treasury stock shares purchased     (2,312) (2,418)
Share-based compensation plans and other     623 910
Changes in noncontrolling ownership interests     25 124
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 5 4 16 13
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests     $ (10) (15)
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Equity, ending balance $ 38,499 $ 43,957 $ 38,499 $ 43,957
Common Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Shares, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance     $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance     39,939 40,222
Share-based compensation plans and other     (116) (325)
Equity, ending balance 39,823 39,897 39,823 39,897
Retained Earnings        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance     44,133 45,348
Net (Loss) Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.     3,440 4,515
Cash dividends declared on common stock     (3,872) (3,835)
Equity, ending balance 43,701 46,028 43,701 46,028
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance     (5,226) (4,148)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes     281 (104)
Equity, ending balance $ (4,945) $ (4,252) $ (4,945) $ (4,252)
Treasury Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Shares, beginning balance (in shares)     828,000,000 796,000,000
Equity, beginning balance     $ (40,546) $ (38,534)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares)     36,000,000 44,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased     $ (2,312) $ (2,418)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares)     (13,000,000) (25,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other     $ 739 $ 1,235
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 851,000,000 815,000,000 851,000,000 815,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (42,119) $ (39,717) $ (42,119) $ (39,717)
Non- Controlling Interests        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance     220 91
Changes in noncontrolling ownership interests     25 124
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests     16 13
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests     (10) (15)
Equity, ending balance $ 251 $ 213 $ 251 $ 213