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Consolidated Statement of Income - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Income Statement [Abstract]      
Sales $ 40,122 $ 39,807 $ 39,498
Costs, Expenses and Other      
Materials and production 12,775 13,891 14,934
Marketing and administrative 9,830 9,762 10,313
Research and development 10,208 10,124 6,704
Restructuring costs 776 651 619
Other (income) expense, net 12 720 1,527
Total Costs, Expenses and Other 33,601 35,148 34,097
Income Before Taxes 6,521 4,659 5,401
Taxes on Income 4,103 718 942
Net Income 2,418 3,941 4,459
Less: Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests 24 21 17
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ 2,394 $ 3,920 $ 4,442
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.88 $ 1.42 $ 1.58
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 0.87 $ 1.41 $ 1.56