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Earnings per Share (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Calculations of Earnings Per Share
The calculations of earnings per share (shares in millions) are as follows:
Years Ended December 31
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
$
2,394

 
$
3,920

 
$
4,442

Average common shares outstanding
2,730

 
2,766

 
2,816

Common shares issuable (1)
18

 
21

 
25

Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution
2,748

 
2,787

 
2,841

Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
0.88

 
$
1.42

 
$
1.58

Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
0.87

 
$
1.41

 
$
1.56

(1) 
Issuable primarily under share-based compensation plans.