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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Effects of Adopting ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended |  |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Mar. 31, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Jan. 01, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Sales | $ 10,037 | $ 9,434 |  |
Materials and production | 3,184 | 3,049 |  |
Income before taxes | 1,345 | 2,003 |  |
Taxes on income | 604 | 447 |  |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 736 | $ 1,551 |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 7,245 |  |  | $ 6,873
Inventories | 5,382 |  |  | 5,096
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 9,709 |  |  | 10,427
Income taxes payable | 717 |  |  | 708
Equity |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | 41,107 |  |  | $ 41,350
Effects of Adopting ASC 606 | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 |  |  |  |
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Sales | (24) |  |  |
Materials and production | (11) |  |  |
Income before taxes | (13) |  |  |
Taxes on income | (2) |  |  |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | (11) |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (36) |  | $ 5 |
Inventories | 13 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | (3) |  |  |
Income taxes payable | (4) |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | (16) |  | $ 5 |
Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606 |  |  |  |
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Sales | 10,013 |  |  |
Materials and production | 3,173 |  |  |
Income before taxes | 1,332 |  |  |
Taxes on income | 602 |  |  |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 725 |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 7,209 |  |  |
Inventories | 5,395 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 9,706 |  |  |
Income taxes payable | 713 |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | $ 41,091 |  |  |

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