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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Impact of Adopting New Accounting Standards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Jun. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Jan. 01, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales | $ 10,465 | $ 9,930 | $ 20,502 | $ 19,365 |  |
Materials and production | 3,417 | 3,116 | 6,601 | 6,165 |  |
Income before taxes | 2,086 | 2,439 | 3,432 | 4,442 |  |
Taxes on income | 370 | 488 | 975 | 935 |  |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 1,707 | $ 1,946 | 2,443 | $ 3,496 |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 7,287 |  | 7,287 |  |  | $ 6,873
Inventories | 5,178 |  | 5,178 |  |  | 5,096
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 9,755 |  | 9,755 |  |  | 10,427
Income taxes payable | 661 |  | 661 |  |  | 708
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | 41,523 |  | 41,523 |  |  | $ 41,350
Effects of Adopting ASC 606 | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales | (6) |  | (29) |  |  |
Materials and production | (5) |  | (16) |  |  |
Income before taxes | (1) |  | (13) |  |  |
Taxes on income | (1) |  | (3) |  |  |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 0 |  | (10) |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (47) |  | (47) |  | $ 5 |
Inventories | 18 |  | 18 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | (9) |  | (9) |  |  |
Income taxes payable | (5) |  | (5) |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | (15) |  | (15) |  | $ 5 |
Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales | 10,459 |  | 20,473 |  |  |
Materials and production | 3,412 |  | 6,585 |  |  |
Income before taxes | 2,085 |  | 3,419 |  |  |
Taxes on income | 369 |  | 972 |  |  |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 1,707 |  | 2,433 |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 7,240 |  | 7,240 |  |  |
Inventories | 5,196 |  | 5,196 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 9,746 |  | 9,746 |  |  |
Income taxes payable | 656 |  | 656 |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | $ 41,508 |  | $ 41,508 |  |  |

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