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Equity - Shareholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Jun. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Jan. 01, 2018
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) |  |  | 3,577,103,522 |  |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | $ 34,569 | $ 40,308 |
Adoption of new accounting standards |  |  |  |  | $ 48
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | $ 1,707 | $ 1,946 | 2,443 | 3,496 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes |  |  | 62 | 132 |
Cash dividends declared on common stock |  |  | (2,592) | (2,583) |
Treasury stock shares purchased |  |  | (2,162) | (2,153) |
Share-based compensation plans and other |  |  | 394 | 483 |
Acquisition of Vallée |  |  |  | 25 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | $ 9 | 5 | 14 | 11 |
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | $ (10) |  |
Other changes in noncontrolling ownership interests |  |  |  | (7) |
Shares, ending balance (in shares) | 3,577,103,522 |  | 3,577,103,522 |  |
Equity, ending balance | $ 32,766 | $ 39,712 | $ 32,766 | $ 39,712 |
Common Stock |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) |  |  | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 |
Shares, ending balance (in shares) | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 |
Equity, ending balance | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 |
Other Paid-In Capital |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | 39,902 | 39,939 |
Share-based compensation plans and other |  |  | (161) | (163) |
Equity, ending balance | 39,741 | 39,776 | 39,741 | 39,776 |
Retained Earnings |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | 41,350 | 44,133 |
Adoption of new accounting standards |  |  |  |  | 322
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. |  |  | 2,443 | 3,496 |
Cash dividends declared on common stock |  |  | (2,592) | (2,583) |
Equity, ending balance | 41,523 | 45,046 | 41,523 | 45,046 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | (4,910) | (5,226) |
Adoption of new accounting standards |  |  |  |  | $ (274)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes |  |  | 62 | 132 |
Equity, ending balance | $ (5,122) | $ (5,094) | $ (5,122) | $ (5,094) |
Treasury Stock |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) |  |  | 880,000,000 | 828,000,000 |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | $ (43,794) | $ (40,546) |
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) |  |  | 37,000,000 | 34,000,000 |
Treasury stock shares purchased |  |  | $ (2,162) | $ (2,153) |
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) |  |  | (10,000,000) | (12,000,000) |
Share-based compensation plans and other |  |  | $ 555 | $ 646 |
Shares, ending balance (in shares) | 907,000,000 | 850,000,000 | 907,000,000 | 850,000,000 |
Equity, ending balance | $ (45,401) | $ (42,053) | $ (45,401) | $ (42,053) |
Non- Controlling Interests |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance |  |  | 233 | 220 |
Acquisition of Vallée |  |  |  | 25 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 14 | 11 |
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (10) |  |
Other changes in noncontrolling ownership interests |  |  |  | (7) |
Equity, ending balance | $ 237 | $ 249 | $ 237 | $ 249 |

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