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Earnings Per Share
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share
The calculations of earnings per share are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
($ and shares in millions except per share amounts)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
$
1,707

 
$
1,946

 
$
2,443

 
$
3,496

Average common shares outstanding
2,683

 
2,734

 
2,689

 
2,739

Common shares issuable (1)
13

 
18

 
13

 
20

Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution
2,696

 
2,752

 
2,702

 
2,759

Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
0.64

 
$
0.71

 
$
0.91

 
$
1.28

Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
0.63

 
$
0.71

 
$
0.90

 
$
1.27

(1) 
Issuable primarily under share-based compensation plans.
For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, 13 million and 5 million, respectively, and for the first six months of 2018 and 2017, 15 million and 4 million, respectively, of common shares issuable under share-based compensation plans were excluded from the computation of earnings per common share assuming dilution because the effect would have been antidilutive.