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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Impact of Adopting New Accounting Standards (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2017
Jun. 30, 2018
Jun. 30, 2017
Jan. 01, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]            
Sales $ 10,465 $ 9,930 $ 20,502 $ 19,365    
Materials and production 3,417 3,116 6,601 6,165    
Income before taxes 2,086 2,439 3,432 4,442    
Taxes on income 370 488 975 935    
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 1,707 $ 1,946 2,443 $ 3,496    
Assets            
Accounts receivable 7,287   7,287     $ 6,873
Inventories 5,178   5,178     5,096
Liabilities            
Accrued and other current liabilities 9,755   9,755     10,427
Income taxes payable 661   661     708
Equity            
Retained earnings 41,523   41,523     $ 41,350
Effects of Adopting ASC 606 | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09            
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]            
Sales (6)   (29)      
Materials and production (5)   (16)      
Income before taxes (1)   (13)      
Taxes on income (1)   (3)      
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 0   (10)      
Assets            
Accounts receivable (47)   (47)   $ 5  
Inventories 18   18      
Liabilities            
Accrued and other current liabilities (9)   (9)      
Income taxes payable (5)   (5)      
Equity            
Retained earnings (15)   (15)   $ 5  
Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606            
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]            
Sales 10,459   20,473      
Materials and production 3,412   6,585      
Income before taxes 2,085   3,419      
Taxes on income 369   972      
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 1,707   2,433      
Assets            
Accounts receivable 7,240   7,240      
Inventories 5,196   5,196      
Liabilities            
Accrued and other current liabilities 9,746   9,746      
Income taxes payable 656   656      
Equity            
Retained earnings $ 41,508   $ 41,508