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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	$ 1,707	$ 1,946	$ 2,443	$ 3,496
Average common shares outstanding (in shares)	2,683	2,734	2,689	2,739
Common shares issuable (in shares)	13	18	13	20
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares)	2,696	2,752	2,702	2,759
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.64	$ 0.71	$ 0.91	$ 1.28
Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63	$ 0.71	$ 0.90	$ 1.27

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