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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Impact of Adopting New Accounting Standards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Sep. 30, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jan. 01, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales | $ 10,794 | $ 10,325 | $ 31,296 | $ 29,689 |  |
Materials and production | 3,619 | 3,307 | 10,220 | 9,472 |  |
Income before taxes | 2,665 | 200 | 6,097 | 4,642 |  |
Taxes on income | 707 | 251 | 1,682 | 1,186 |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 1,950 | $ (56) | 4,393 | $ 3,440 |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 7,374 |  | 7,374 |  |  | $ 6,873
Inventories | 5,416 |  | 5,416 |  |  | 5,096
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 9,776 |  | 9,776 |  |  | 10,427
Income taxes payable | 759 |  | 759 |  |  | 708
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | 42,189 |  | 42,189 |  |  | $ 41,350
Effects of Adopting ASC 606 | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales | (1) |  | (30) |  |  |
Materials and production | (1) |  | (18) |  |  |
Income before taxes | 0 |  | (12) |  |  |
Taxes on income | 0 |  | (3) |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 0 |  | (9) |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (45) |  | (45) |  | $ 5 |
Inventories | 19 |  | 19 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | (6) |  | (6) |  |  |
Income taxes payable | (5) |  | (5) |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | (15) |  | (15) |  | $ 5 |
Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales | 10,793 |  | 31,266 |  |  |
Materials and production | 3,618 |  | 10,202 |  |  |
Income before taxes | 2,665 |  | 6,085 |  |  |
Taxes on income | 707 |  | 1,679 |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 1,950 |  | 4,384 |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 7,329 |  | 7,329 |  |  |
Inventories | 5,435 |  | 5,435 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 9,770 |  | 9,770 |  |  |
Income taxes payable | 754 |  | 754 |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | $ 42,174 |  | $ 42,174 |  |  |

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