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Earnings Per Share | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract] |
Earnings Per Share | Earnings Per Share The calculations of earnings per share are as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ and shares in millions except per share amounts) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | $ | 1,950 |  |  | $ | (56 | ) |  | $ | 4,393 |  |  | $ | 3,440 |
Average common shares outstanding | 2,662 |  |  | 2,727 |  |  | 2,680 |  |  | 2,735 |
Common shares issuable (1) | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 19 |
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution | 2,678 |  |  | 2,727 |  |  | 2,694 |  |  | 2,754 |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | 1.64 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |
Earnings (loss) per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | 1.63 |  |  | $ | 1.25 |
(1) | Issuable primarily under share-based compensation plans.
For the three months ended September 30, 2018, 2 million, and for the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, 7 million and 4 million, respectively, of common shares issuable under share-based compensation plans were excluded from the computation of earnings per common share assuming dilution because the effect would have been antidilutive. The Company recorded a net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2017; therefore, no potential dilutive common shares were used in the computation of loss per common share assuming dilution because the effect would have been antidilutive.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for earnings per share. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 260 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144383 + Details
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