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Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Sep. 30, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jan. 01, 2018
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) |  |  | 3,577,103,522 |  |
Equity, beginning balance | $ 32,766 | $ 39,712 | $ 34,569 | $ 40,308 |
Adoption of new accounting standards (see Note 1) |  |  |  |  | $ 48
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 1,950 | (56) | 4,393 | 3,440 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes | (29) | 149 | 33 | 281 |
Cash dividends declared on common stock | (1,284) | (1,289) | (3,876) | (3,872) |
Treasury stock shares purchased | (996) | (159) | (3,158) | (2,312) |
Share-based compensation plans and other | 252 | 140 | 646 | 623 |
Acquisition of Vallée |  |  |  | 25 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 8 | 5 | 22 | 16 |
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests | $ (11) | (3) | $ (21) | (10) |
Shares, ending balance (in shares) | 3,577,103,522 |  | 3,577,103,522 |  |
Equity, ending balance | $ 32,656 | $ 38,499 | $ 32,656 | $ 38,499 |
Common Stock |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 |
Equity, beginning balance | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 |
Shares, ending balance (in shares) | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 | 3,577,000,000 |
Equity, ending balance | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 | $ 1,788 |
Other Paid-In Capital |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance | 39,741 | 39,776 | 39,902 | 39,939 |
Share-based compensation plans and other | 21 | 47 | (140) | (116) |
Equity, ending balance | 39,762 | 39,823 | 39,762 | 39,823 |
Retained Earnings |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance | 41,523 | 45,046 | 41,350 | 44,133 |
Adoption of new accounting standards (see Note 1) |  |  |  |  | 322
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 1,950 | (56) | 4,393 | 3,440 |
Cash dividends declared on common stock | (1,284) | (1,289) | (3,876) | (3,872) |
Equity, ending balance | 42,189 | 43,701 | 42,189 | 43,701 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance | (5,122) | (5,094) | (4,910) | (5,226) |
Adoption of new accounting standards (see Note 1) |  |  |  |  | $ (274)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes | (29) | 149 | 33 | 281 |
Equity, ending balance | $ (5,151) | $ (4,945) | $ (5,151) | $ (4,945) |
Treasury Stock |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) | 907,000,000 | 850,000,000 | 880,000,000 | 828,000,000 |
Equity, beginning balance | $ (45,401) | $ (42,053) | $ (43,794) | $ (40,546) |
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) | 16,000,000 | 2,000,000 | 53,000,000 | 36,000,000 |
Treasury stock shares purchased | $ (996) | $ (159) | $ (3,158) | $ (2,312) |
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) | (5,000,000) | (1,000,000) | (15,000,000) | (13,000,000) |
Share-based compensation plans and other | $ 231 | $ 93 | $ 786 | $ 739 |
Shares, ending balance (in shares) | 918,000,000 | 851,000,000 | 918,000,000 | 851,000,000 |
Equity, ending balance | $ (46,166) | $ (42,119) | $ (46,166) | $ (42,119) |
Non- Controlling Interests |  |  |  |  |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] |  |  |  |  |
Equity, beginning balance | 237 | 249 | 233 | 220 |
Acquisition of Vallée |  |  |  | 25 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 8 | 5 | 22 | 16 |
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests | (11) | (3) | (21) | (10) |
Equity, ending balance | $ 234 | $ 251 | $ 234 | $ 251 |

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