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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Impact of Adopting New Accounting Standards (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Sales	$ 10,794	$ 10,325	$ 31,296	$ 29,689
Materials and production	3,619	3,307	10,220	9,472
Income before taxes	2,665	200	6,097	4,642
Taxes on income	707	251	1,682	1,186
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	1,950	$ (56)	4,393	$ 3,440
Assets
Accounts receivable	7,374		7,374			$ 6,873
Inventories	5,416		5,416			5,096
Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities	9,776		9,776			10,427
Income taxes payable	759		759			708
Equity
Retained earnings	42,189		42,189			$ 41,350
Effects of Adopting ASC 606 | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Sales	(1)		(30)
Materials and production	(1)		(18)
Income before taxes	0		(12)
Taxes on income	0		(3)
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	0		(9)
Assets
Accounts receivable	(45)		(45)		$ 5
Inventories	19		19
Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities	(6)		(6)
Income taxes payable	(5)		(5)
Equity
Retained earnings	(15)		(15)		$ 5
Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Sales	10,793		31,266
Materials and production	3,618		10,202
Income before taxes	2,665		6,085
Taxes on income	707		1,679
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	1,950		4,384
Assets
Accounts receivable	7,329		7,329
Inventories	5,435		5,435
Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities	9,770		9,770
Income taxes payable	754		754
Equity
Retained earnings	$ 42,174		$ 42,174

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