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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	$ 1,950	$ (56)	$ 4,393	$ 3,440
Average common shares outstanding (in shares)	2,662	2,727	2,680	2,735
Common shares issuable (in shares)	16	0	14	19
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares)	2,678	2,727	2,694	2,754
Basic earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.73	$ (0.02)	$ 1.64	$ 1.26
Earnings (loss) per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 0.73	$ (0.02)	$ 1.63	$ 1.25

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