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Summary of Accounting Policies - Effects of Adopting ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Jan. 01, 2018
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Sales | $ 42,294 | $ 40,122 | $ 39,807 |
Cost of sales | 13,509 | 12,912 | 14,030 |
Income before taxes | 8,701 | 6,521 | 4,659 |
Taxes on Income | 2,508 | 4,103 | 718 |
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 6,220 | 2,394 | $ 3,920 |
Assets |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 7,071 | 6,873 |  |
Inventories | 5,440 | 5,096 |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 10,151 | 10,427 |  |
Income taxes payable | 1,971 | 708 |  |
Equity |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | 42,579 | $ 41,350 |  |
Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606 |  |  |  |
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Sales | 42,292 |  |  |
Cost of sales | 13,503 |  |  |
Income before taxes | 8,705 |  |  |
Taxes on Income | 2,509 |  |  |
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 6,223 |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 7,058 |  |  |
Inventories | 5,447 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 10,148 |  |  |
Income taxes payable | 1,970 |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | 42,577 |  |  |
ASU 2014-09 (Revenue) | Effects of Adopting ASC 606 |  |  |  |
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] |  |  |  |
Sales | (2) |  |  |
Cost of sales | (6) |  |  |
Income before taxes | 4 |  |  |
Taxes on Income | 1 |  |  |
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | 3 |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (13) |  |  | $ 5
Inventories | 7 |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities | (3) |  |  |
Income taxes payable | (1) |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | $ (2) |  |  | $ 5

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