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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	$ 6,220	$ 2,394	$ 3,920
Average common shares outstanding (in shares)	2,664	2,730	2,766
Common shares issuable (in shares)	15	18	21
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares)	2,679	2,748	2,787
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 2.34	$ 0.88	$ 1.42
Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 2.32	$ 0.87	$ 1.41

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