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Earnings per Share
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings per Share
Earnings per Share
The calculations of earnings per share (shares in millions) are as follows:
Years Ended December 31
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
$
6,220

 
$
2,394

 
$
3,920

Average common shares outstanding
2,664

 
2,730

 
2,766

Common shares issuable (1)
15

 
18

 
21

Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution
2,679

 
2,748

 
2,787

Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
2.34

 
$
0.88

 
$
1.42

Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
2.32

 
$
0.87

 
$
1.41

(1) 
Issuable primarily under share-based compensation plans.
In 2018, 2017 and 2016, 6 million, 5 million and 13 million, respectively, of common shares issuable under share-based compensation plans were excluded from the computation of earnings per common share assuming dilution because the effect would have been antidilutive.