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Earnings per Share (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Calculations of Earnings Per Share
The calculations of earnings per share (shares in millions) are as follows:
Years Ended December 31
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
$
6,220

 
$
2,394

 
$
3,920

Average common shares outstanding
2,664

 
2,730

 
2,766

Common shares issuable (1)
15

 
18

 
21

Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution
2,679

 
2,748

 
2,787

Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
2.34

 
$
0.88

 
$
1.42

Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
2.32

 
$
0.87

 
$
1.41

(1) 
Issuable primarily under share-based compensation plans.