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Summary of Accounting Policies - Effects of Adopting ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 01, 2018
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Sales	$ 42,294	$ 40,122	$ 39,807
Cost of sales	13,509	12,912	14,030
Income before taxes	8,701	6,521	4,659
Taxes on Income	2,508	4,103	718
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	6,220	2,394	$ 3,920
Assets
Accounts receivable	7,071	6,873
Inventories	5,440	5,096
Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities	10,151	10,427
Income taxes payable	1,971	708
Equity
Retained earnings	42,579	$ 41,350
Amounts Without Adoption of ASC 606
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Sales	42,292
Cost of sales	13,503
Income before taxes	8,705
Taxes on Income	2,509
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	6,223
Assets
Accounts receivable	7,058
Inventories	5,447
Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities	10,148
Income taxes payable	1,970
Equity
Retained earnings	42,577
ASU 2014-09 (Revenue) | Effects of Adopting ASC 606
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Sales	(2)
Cost of sales	(6)
Income before taxes	4
Taxes on Income	1
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	3
Assets
Accounts receivable	(13)			$ 5
Inventories	7
Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities	(3)
Income taxes payable	(1)
Equity
Retained earnings	$ (2)			$ 5

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