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Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Jan. 01, 2018
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]      
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522    
Equity, beginning balance $ 26,882 $ 34,569  
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 2,915 736  
Adoption of new accounting standards     $ 48
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 199 124  
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,429) (1,301)  
Treasury stock shares purchased (1,090) (566)  
Share-based compensation plans and other 243 291  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (53) 5  
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   (5)  
Other changes in noncontrolling ownership interests $ 3    
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522    
Equity, ending balance $ 27,670 $ 33,901  
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.55 $ 0.48  
Common Stock      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]      
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000  
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788  
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000  
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788  
Other Paid-In Capital      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]      
Equity, beginning balance 38,808 39,902  
Share-based compensation plans and other (40) (28)  
Equity, ending balance 38,768 39,874  
Retained Earnings      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]      
Equity, beginning balance 42,579 41,350  
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 2,915 736  
Adoption of new accounting standards     322
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,429) (1,301)  
Equity, ending balance 44,065 41,107  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]      
Equity, beginning balance (5,545) (4,910)  
Adoption of new accounting standards     $ (274)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 199 124  
Equity, ending balance $ (5,346) $ (5,060)  
Treasury Stock      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]      
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) 985,000,000 880,000,000  
Equity, beginning balance $ (50,929) $ (43,794)  
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) 14,000,000 10,000,000  
Treasury stock shares purchased $ (1,090) $ (566)  
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) (5,000,000) (5,000,000)  
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 283 $ 319  
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 994,000,000 885,000,000  
Equity, ending balance $ (51,736) $ (44,041)  
Non- Controlling Interests      
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]      
Equity, beginning balance 181 233  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (53) 5  
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   (5)  
Other changes in noncontrolling ownership interests 3    
Equity, ending balance $ 131 $ 233