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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	$ 2,915	$ 736
Average common shares outstanding (in shares)	2,585	2,695
Common shares issuable (in shares)	18	15
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares)	2,603	2,710
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 1.13	$ 0.27
Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 1.12	$ 0.27

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