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Earnings Per Share
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share
The calculations of earnings per share are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
($ and shares in millions except per share amounts)
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.
$
2,670

 
$
1,707

 
$
5,585

 
$
2,443

Average common shares outstanding
2,574

 
2,683

 
2,579

 
2,689

Common shares issuable (1)
14

 
13

 
17

 
13

Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution
2,588

 
2,696

 
2,596

 
2,702

Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
1.04

 
$
0.64

 
$
2.17

 
$
0.91

Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders
$
1.03

 
$
0.63

 
$
2.15

 
$
0.90

(1) 
Issuable primarily under share-based compensation plans.
For the second quarter of 2019 and 2018, 3 million and 13 million, respectively, and for the first six months of 2019 and 2018, 4 million and 15 million, respectively, of common shares issuable under share-based compensation plans were excluded from the computation of earnings per common share assuming dilution because the effect would have been antidilutive.