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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.	$ 9,843	$ 6,220	$ 2,394
Average common shares outstanding (in shares)	2,565	2,664	2,730
Common shares issuable (in shares)	15	15	18
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares)	2,580	2,679	2,748
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 3.84	$ 2.34	$ 0.88
Earnings per common share assuming dilution attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. common shareholders (in dollars per share)	$ 3.81	$ 2.32	$ 0.87

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