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Segment Reporting - Sales of Company's Products (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	$ 12,551	$ 12,397	$ 35,479	$ 34,972
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	12,540	12,263	35,212	34,622
Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	11	134	267	350
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	5,625	5,573	15,396	15,320
United States | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	5,616	5,563	15,349	15,301
United States | Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	9	10	47	19
International
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	6,926	6,824	20,084	19,652
International | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	6,924	6,699	19,863	19,322
International | Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	2	125	221	330
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	11,320	11,095	31,654	31,218
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Keytruda
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	3,715	3,070	10,387	7,973
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Alliance revenue - Lynparza (1)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	196	123	519	313
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Alliance revenue - Lenvima (1)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	142	109	421	280
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Emend
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	39	98	115	336
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Gardasil/Gardasil 9
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	1,187	1,320	2,941	3,044
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | ProQuad/M-M-R II/Varivax
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	576	623	1,390	1,794
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Pneumovax 23
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	375	237	748	592
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | RotaTeq
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	210	180	601	564
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Vaqta
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	51	62	139	167
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Bridion
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	320	284	843	817
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Noxafil
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	79	177	247	560
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Prevymis
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	77	45	200	115
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Primaxin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	74	77	189	207
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Invanz
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	51	57	159	206
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Cancidas
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	50	62	148	191
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Cubicin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	39	52	116	207
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Zerbaxa
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	43	35	112	88
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Simponi
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	209	203	615	625
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Remicade
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	82	101	242	322
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Belsomra
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	81	80	244	223
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Isentress/Isentress HD
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	205	250	646	752
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Zepatier
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	28	83	122	304
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Zetia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	103	147	384	443
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Vytorin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	47	57	139	231
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Atozet
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	111	97	348	283
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Alliance revenue - Adempas (2)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	83	50	216	144
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Adempas
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	55	57	167	158
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Januvia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	821	807	2,449	2,539
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Janumet
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	506	503	1,499	1,567
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Implanon/Nexplanon
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	189	199	515	581
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | NuvaRing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	58	241	184	700
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Singulair
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	82	152	338	503
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Cozaar/Hyzaar
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	91	116	292	329
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Arcoxia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	68	72	204	221
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Nasonex
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	41	58	161	226
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Follistim AQ
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	50	62	136	182
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | Operating Segments | Other pharmaceutical (3)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	1,186	1,149	3,478	3,431
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	5,218	5,180	14,202	14,202
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Keytruda
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	2,157	1,743	6,106	4,525
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Alliance revenue - Lynparza (1)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	107	71	297	186
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Alliance revenue - Lenvima (1)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	82	65	270	169
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Emend
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	8	42	18	173
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Gardasil/Gardasil 9
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	579	761	1,209	1,579
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | ProQuad/M-M-R II/Varivax
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	437	482	1,033	1,325
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Pneumovax 23
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	276	179	478	428
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | RotaTeq
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	114	102	355	360
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Vaqta
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	32	36	79	103
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Bridion
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	162	133	412	381
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Noxafil
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	13	77	27	268
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Prevymis
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	32	22	87	60
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Primaxin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	1	2	2	2
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Invanz
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	1	(1)	7	30
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Cancidas
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	1	0	2	5
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Cubicin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	11	14	36	78
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Zerbaxa
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	20	20	57	45
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Simponi
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	0	0	0	0
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Remicade
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	0	0	0	0
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Belsomra
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	18	23	67	68
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Isentress/Isentress HD
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	92	102	243	304
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Zepatier
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	6	24	38	96
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Zetia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	(1)	5	(4)	11
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Vytorin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	3	5	9	11
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Atozet
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	0	0	0	0
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Alliance revenue - Adempas (2)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	78	48	200	137
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Adempas
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	0	0	0	0
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Januvia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	342	367	1,110	1,223
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Janumet
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	105	129	361	462
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Implanon/Nexplanon
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	137	136	374	421
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | NuvaRing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	24	202	85	593
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Singulair
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	4	11	14	24
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Cozaar/Hyzaar
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	5	6	17	16
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Arcoxia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	0	0	0	0
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Nasonex
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	0	4	9	2
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Follistim AQ
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	20	27	60	80
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Other pharmaceutical (3)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	352	343	1,144	1,037
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	6,102	5,914	17,452	17,016
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Keytruda
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	1,559	1,327	4,281	3,448
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Alliance revenue - Lynparza (1)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	89	53	223	126
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Alliance revenue - Lenvima (1)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	60	44	152	112
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Emend
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	31	56	96	163
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Gardasil/Gardasil 9
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	608	558	1,732	1,464
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | ProQuad/M-M-R II/Varivax
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	139	141	356	469
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Pneumovax 23
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	99	58	270	164
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | RotaTeq
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	96	78	246	203
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Vaqta
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	19	26	60	65
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Bridion
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	157	151	431	437
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Noxafil
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	66	100	220	291
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Prevymis
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	46	23	113	55
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Primaxin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	73	75	187	204
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Invanz
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	50	58	152	176
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Cancidas
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	49	62	147	187
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Cubicin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	28	38	80	129
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Zerbaxa
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	23	15	54	43
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Simponi
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	209	203	615	625
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Remicade
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	82	101	242	322
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Belsomra
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	63	57	177	155
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Isentress/Isentress HD
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	113	149	403	449
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Zepatier
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	22	59	83	208
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Zetia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	103	142	389	432
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Vytorin
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	44	52	130	219
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Atozet
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	111	97	348	283
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Alliance revenue - Adempas (2)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	5	2	16	7
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Adempas
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	55	57	167	158
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Januvia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	479	440	1,339	1,317
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Janumet
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	400	375	1,138	1,105
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Implanon/Nexplanon
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	52	62	142	160
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | NuvaRing
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	34	39	98	107
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Singulair
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	78	140	324	479
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Cozaar/Hyzaar
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	86	110	275	313
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Arcoxia
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	68	72	204	221
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Nasonex
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	41	55	152	224
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Follistim AQ
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	31	35	76	102
Total Pharmaceutical segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Other pharmaceutical (3)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	834	804	2,334	2,394
Total Animal Health segment sales | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	1,220	1,122	3,535	3,271
Total Animal Health segment sales | Operating Segments | Livestock
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	758	726	2,145	2,007
Total Animal Health segment sales | Operating Segments | Companion Animals
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	462	396	1,390	1,264
Total Animal Health segment sales | United States | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	398	337	1,124	966
Total Animal Health segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Livestock
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	164	144	448	406
Total Animal Health segment sales | United States | Operating Segments | Companion Animals
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	234	193	676	560
Total Animal Health segment sales | International | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	822	785	2,411	2,305
Total Animal Health segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Livestock
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	594	582	1,697	1,601
Total Animal Health segment sales | International | Operating Segments | Companion Animals
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	228	203	714	704
Other segment sales (4) | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	0	46	23	133
Other segment sales (4) | United States | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	0	46	23	133
Other segment sales (4) | International | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Sales	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1

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