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Equity - Rollforward Reconciliations (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Mar. 31, 2020
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522  
Equity, beginning balance $ 25,404 $ 26,001
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 3,179 3,219
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes 12 (198)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,653) (1,549)
Treasury stock shares purchased   (1,281)
Share-based compensation plans and other 90 107
Other changes in noncontrolling interests   1
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 7 0
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522  
Equity, ending balance $ 27,039 $ 26,300
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.65 $ 0.61
   Common Stock    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 39,588 39,660
Share-based compensation plans and other 25 37
Equity, ending balance 39,613 39,697
Retained Earnings    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 47,362 46,602
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 3,179 3,219
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,653) (1,549)
Equity, ending balance 48,888 48,272
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance (6,634) (6,193)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes 12 (198)
Equity, ending balance $ (6,622) $ (6,391)
  Treasury Stock    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) 1,047,000,000 1,038,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ (56,787) $ (55,950)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares)   16,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased   $ (1,281)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) (1,000,000) (1,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 65 $ 70
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 1,046,000,000 1,053,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (56,722) $ (57,161)
Non- controlling Interests    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 87 94
Other changes in noncontrolling interests   1
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 7  
Equity, ending balance $ 94 $ 95