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Equity - Rollforward Reconciliations (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Jun. 30, 2020
Jun. 30, 2021
Jun. 30, 2020
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Shares, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,103,522  
Equity, beginning balance $ 27,039 $ 26,300 $ 25,404 $ 26,001
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 1,545 3,002 4,724 6,221
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes 1,545 (2) 1,557 (200)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,656) (1,550) (3,309) (3,099)
Treasury stock shares purchased (239)   (239) (1,281)
Spin-off of Organon & Co. 5,091   5,091  
Share-based compensation plans and other 62 (13) 152 94
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   (1)    
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 1 8 $ 8 8
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Equity, ending balance $ 33,388 $ 27,744 $ 33,388 $ 27,744
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.65 $ 0.61 $ 1.30 $ 1.22
   Common Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 39,613 39,697 39,588 39,660
Treasury stock shares purchased       0
Spin-off of Organon & Co. 4,643   4,643  
Share-based compensation plans and other (217) (324) (192) (287)
Equity, ending balance 44,039 39,373 44,039 39,373
Retained Earnings        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 48,888 48,272 47,362 46,602
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 1,545 3,002 4,724 6,221
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,656) (1,550) (3,309) (3,099)
Equity, ending balance 48,777 49,724 48,777 49,724
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance (6,622) (6,391) (6,634) (6,193)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes 1,545 (2) 1,557 (200)
Spin-off of Organon & Co. 449   449  
Equity, ending balance $ (4,628) $ (6,393) $ (4,628) $ (6,393)
  Treasury Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Shares, beginning balance (in shares) 1,046,000,000 1,053,000,000 1,047,000,000 1,038,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ (56,722) $ (57,161) $ (56,787) $ (55,950)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) 3,000,000   3,000,000 16,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased $ (239)   $ (239) $ (1,281)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) (5,000,000) (5,000,000) (6,000,000) (6,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 279 $ 311 $ 344 $ 381
Shares, ending balance (in shares) 1,044,000,000 1,048,000,000 1,044,000,000 1,048,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (56,682) $ (56,850) $ (56,682) $ (56,850)
Non- controlling Interests        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 94 95 87 94
Spin-off of Organon & Co. (1)   (1)  
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   (1)    
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 1 8 8 8
Equity, ending balance $ 94 $ 102 $ 94 $ 102