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Equity - Rollforward Reconciliations (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Jun. 02, 2021
Sep. 30, 2021
Sep. 30, 2020
Sep. 30, 2021
Sep. 30, 2020
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Shares, beginning balance (in shares)       3,577,103,522  
Equity, beginning balance   $ 33,388 $ 27,744 $ 25,404 $ 26,001
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.   4,567 2,941 9,291 9,161
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes   38 10 1,595 (190)
Cash dividends declared on common stock   (1,653) (1,558) (4,962) (4,656)
Treasury stock shares purchased   (583)   (822) (1,281)
Spin-off of Organon & Co.       5,091  
Share-based compensation plans and other   131 151 283 245
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests   4 4 12 12
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   $ (29) (22) $ (29) (22)
Shares, ending balance (in shares)   3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Equity, ending balance   $ 35,863 $ 29,270 $ 35,863 $ 29,270
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share)   $ 0.65 $ 0.61 $ 1.95 $ 1.83
   Common Stock          
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Shares, beginning balance (in shares)   3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance   $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Shares, ending balance (in shares)   3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance   $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital          
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Equity, beginning balance   44,039 39,373 39,588 39,660
Spin-off of Organon & Co. $ 4,600     4,643  
Share-based compensation plans and other   110 116 (82) (171)
Equity, ending balance   44,149 39,489 44,149 39,489
Retained Earnings          
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Equity, beginning balance   48,777 49,724 47,362 46,602
Net income (loss) attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.   4,567 2,941 9,291 9,161
Cash dividends declared on common stock   (1,653) (1,558) (4,962) (4,656)
Equity, ending balance   51,691 51,107 51,691 51,107
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss          
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Equity, beginning balance   (4,628) (6,393) (6,634) (6,193)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes   38 10 1,595 (190)
Spin-off of Organon & Co. $ 449     449  
Equity, ending balance   $ (4,590) $ (6,383) $ (4,590) $ (6,383)
  Treasury Stock          
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Shares, beginning balance (in shares)   1,044,000,000 1,048,000,000 1,047,000,000 1,038,000,000
Equity, beginning balance   $ (56,682) $ (56,850) $ (56,787) $ (55,950)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares)   8,000,000   11,000,000 16,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased   $ (583)   $ (822) $ (1,281)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares)     (1,000,000) (6,000,000) (7,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other   $ 21 $ 35 $ 365 $ 416
Shares, ending balance (in shares)   1,052,000,000 1,047,000,000 1,052,000,000 1,047,000,000
Equity, ending balance   $ (57,244) $ (56,815) $ (57,244) $ (56,815)
Non- controlling Interests          
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]          
Equity, beginning balance   94 102 87 94
Spin-off of Organon & Co.       (1)  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests   4 4 12 12
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   (29) (22) (29) (22)
Equity, ending balance   $ 69 $ 84 $ 69 $ 84